软件测试主要考点梳理以及真题讲解（附答案）

分手后的思念是犯贱 2023-10-12 11:04 17阅读 0赞

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白驹过隙，转眼大学三年就过去了，软件测试与维护也成为大学中最后一门考试的科目，接下来为大家总结一下软件测试与维护考试的主要内容、题型、以及真题答案

## 一、题型 ##

题型仅限于我们学校（SCUT），其他学校的题型不太了解，我们是20分的名词解释题、30分的简答题。名词解释题就是给出名词去解释它的意思及相关方法、含义等，简答题就是给出一些问题让你去用自己的话回答，通常也是书上常见的一些名词，但是会展开问一下它主要适用于什么场景，用的什么方法、为什么要使用它等等，值得注意的是这里通常会考一个自动化测试工具的问题，需要同学们熟悉一下，总而言之多看两遍书，都是能回答个七七八八的

## 二、主要考点内容 ##

重点自然是黑盒测试、白盒测试。黑盒中重点是等价类划分、边界值分析、决策表等方法，白盒测试中重点是条件覆盖、判定覆盖、基本路径覆盖等，这些都是容易出大题的，思想不难理解，多看几遍就可以了

简答题主要会考测试的一些基本概念如

> 单元测试
> 
> 集成测试
> 
> 系统测试
> 
> 验收测试

而每个测试又有可能深入去考里面的细节，比如单元测试主要使用白盒测试，集成测试里面有基于分解的测试如大爆炸测试、自顶向下、自底向上、三明治集成等，系统测试里有功能测试、非功能测试、回归测试，验收测试里有Alpha、Beta测试等等，其中概念需大家自行熟悉

## 三、真题讲解 ##

名词解释题

> 1：Alpha testing
> 
> 2：Stub
> 
> 3：Static white-box testing
> 
> 4:W model

简答题

> 1：What is software testing? What is the difference between software testing and 
> 
> debugging
> 
> 2：Please descricbe the difference between Top-down Integration and Bottom-up 
> 
> Integration through drawing their model graph
> 
> 3：What is the Stress Testing? Briefly describe the process of Stress Testing through using
> 
> Loadrunner testing tool 
> 
> 4：

大题

> **Int IsLeap(int year)** 
> 
> **1 \{** 
> 
> **2 if (year % 4 = = 0)** 
> 
> **3 \{** 
> 
> **4 if (year % 100 == 0)** 
> 
> **5 \{** 
> 
> **6 if ( year % 400 = = 0)** 
> 
> **7 leap = 1;** 
> 
> **8 else** 
> 
> **9 leap = 0;** 
> 
> **10 \}** 
> 
> **11 else** 
> 
> **12 leap = 1;** 
> 
> **13 \}** 
> 
> **14 else** 
> 
> **15 leap = 0;** 
> 
> **16 return leap;** 
> 
> **17 \}**

1：Please draw the program flow chart of the above code

![aa9eebd37b044fd0976a3f45518f01aa.png][]

2：Please calculating the condition number of the above program flow graph

![b4ada3f2ffae4bca9e62226293717ead.png][]

3：Assuming that the input range is 1000 < year < 2001, please use the condition coverage test method to design the testcases to meet the requirements of the condition coverage

![4758737009764400896c98078889d16f.png][]

> A insurance company publishes a insurance solution, the insurance premium 
> 
> computation formula in this solution is as below: 
> 
> the insurance premium= the amount insured\* the insurance rate 。 
> 
> the premium rate of which is different according to the number of points( the total 
> 
> points ), the insurance rate above 10 points （ >=10 points ）  is 0.6%, the insurance rate 
> 
> below 10 points(<10 points) is 0.1%, and the points are determined by the age, sex, and 
> 
> marriage status,the total points are equal to the sum of the points. . 
> 
> —— the rules of the rate are as follows:

![a551e64e56ae48929147ee82eb0bad1d.png][]

1：Please design testcases to calculate the insurance premium through using techniques of decision table

![e869a69303504e12a9292db34f7fd34d.png][]

简化后如下

![aba4fe54ce1c4c89b894002601d5b2ec.png][]

再根据简化后的决策表设计测试用例

**Design the testcases**

**1) age = 30, sex = male, marriage = married insurance rate: 0.6%**

**2) age = 15, sex = male, marriage = unmarried insurance rate: 0.6%**

**3) age = 62, sex = female, marriage = married insurance rate: 0.1%**

> The company A has undertaken the construction of office automation system for the 
> 
> company B. At the beginning of October 2014, at the stage of development, the project is 
> 
> expected to complete all the development work in May 2015, but the contract stipulates 
> 
> that the system acceptance time is at the end of October 2014. Therefore, in the early 
> 
> October 2014, the company A submitted a request to the company B for acceptance test at 
> 
> the end of October 2014, and gave a detailed test plan. 
> 
> In this plan, the company A point out that the testing team is made up of A's testing 
> 
> engineers, external testing experts and external experts

1) Is the practice of company A correct? Please give a reason

A company's practice is incorrect.

Acceptance testing is performed after functional testing and system testing, so the

prerequisite for acceptance testing is that the system or software product has passed

internal testing. Then check the software with the user and run the software in a real

environment to see if there is a problem that is inconsistent with the user's needs or violates

the requirements of the product specification. Because the tester cannot completely use the

actual situation of the user, whether the software truly meets the requirements of the end

user, the user should perform a series of acceptance tests.

The software development of Company A was not completed and conditions for carrying

out acceptance tests were not available

2) If the software has been delivered in use, the company B requests to add new

functions to meet the new needs. Please answer:

①  Which stage of software process does this stage belong to ？ What is the basic

definition of this stage

This stage belongs to the software maintenance stage.

Software maintenance refers to the modification of code and related documents due to a

software product's problem or need for improvement. The purpose of the software

maintenance is to modify the existing software product while maintaining its integrity

②  Please give a workflow description to meet the new functional requirements ？（ 7

points ）

1. Users propose changes

2. Developer classification and identification

3. Software requirements analysis

4. Software design

5. Software implementation

6. System test

7. Acceptance test

8. Software delivery

[aa9eebd37b044fd0976a3f45518f01aa.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/aa9eebd37b044fd0976a3f45518f01aa.png
[b4ada3f2ffae4bca9e62226293717ead.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/b4ada3f2ffae4bca9e62226293717ead.png
[4758737009764400896c98078889d16f.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/4758737009764400896c98078889d16f.png
[a551e64e56ae48929147ee82eb0bad1d.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/a551e64e56ae48929147ee82eb0bad1d.png
[e869a69303504e12a9292db34f7fd34d.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/e869a69303504e12a9292db34f7fd34d.png
[aba4fe54ce1c4c89b894002601d5b2ec.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/aba4fe54ce1c4c89b894002601d5b2ec.png