Linux系统部署Python语言开发运行环境

淡淡的烟草味﹌ 2023-10-14 14:03 45阅读 0赞

![271b53b5511e422d9034f42f53c5e6c0.png][]

**目录**

Ubuntu自带python

Debian安装python

安装 pip

库列表

安装第三方库

使用国内镜像站

实装 tkinter 库

编写运行代码

测试代码1

1. 创建项目

2. 创建源码文件

3. 写入源代码

4. 修改权限

5. 运行代码

测试代码2

--------------------

本文的使用环境是Windows的Linux 子系统，详见：[Windows 使用 Linux 子系统-CSDN][Windows _ Linux _-CSDN]

### **Ubuntu自带python** ###

20.04版本中包含了Python3.8.10，但不包含pip安装工具。

> hann@HannYang:~$ python
> 
> Command 'python' not found, did you mean:
> 
> command 'python3' from deb python3  
> command 'python' from deb python-is-python3
> 
> hann@HannYang:~$ python3  
> Python 3.8.10 (default, May 26 2023, 14:05:08)  
> \[GCC 9.4.0\] on linux  
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.  
> >>>

### Debian安装python ###

不所有linux都自带python，比如Debian就不带python，需要自己安装。

安装命令：$ sudo apt-get install python3

> hann@HannYang:~$ sudo apt-get install python3  
> \[sudo\] password for hann:  
> Reading package lists... Done  
> Building dependency tree... Done  
> The following additional packages will be installed:  
> ca-certificates libexpat1 libnsl2 libpython3-stdlib libpython3.11-minimal libpython3.11-stdlib libsqlite3-0  
> media-types openssl python3-minimal python3.11 python3.11-minimal  
> Suggested packages:  
> python3-doc python3-tk python3-venv python3.11-venv python3.11-doc binutils binfmt-support  
> The following NEW packages will be installed:  
> ca-certificates libexpat1 libnsl2 libpython3-stdlib libpython3.11-minimal libpython3.11-stdlib libsqlite3-0  
> media-types openssl python3 python3-minimal python3.11 python3.11-minimal  
> 0 upgraded, 13 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.  
> Need to get 7,879 kB of archives.  
> After this operation, 26.7 MB of additional disk space will be used.  
> Do you want to continue? \[Y/n\] Y  
> Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 libpython3.11-minimal amd64 3.11.2-6 \[813 kB\]  
> Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 libexpat1 amd64 2.5.0-1 \[99.3 kB\]  
> Get:3 ......
> 
> ......略......  
> Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...  
> 0 added, 0 removed; done.  
> Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d...  
> done.  
> hann@HannYang:~$ python3  
> Python 3.11.2 (main, Mar 13 2023, 12:18:29) \[GCC 12.2.0\] on linux  
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.  
> >>>

### 安装 pip ###

安装命令： $ sudo apt install python3-pip

> hann@HannYang:~$ sudo apt install python3-pip  
> Reading package lists... Done  
> Building dependency tree  
> Reading state information... Done  
> The following additional packages will be installed:  
> binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu build-essential dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-9 gcc gcc-9  
> ...... 略 ......  
> After this operation, 199 MB of additional disk space will be used.  
> Do you want to continue? \[Y/n\] y  
> Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 \[1613 kB\]  
> Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 binutils amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 \[3376 B\]  
> Get:3 ...
> 
> ...... 略 ......  
> Setting up python3-dev (3.8.2-0ubuntu2) ...  
> Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...  
> Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.9) ...

### 库列表 ###

列表命令： $ pip list

hann@HannYang:~$ pip list  
Package Version  
\---------------------- --------------------  
attrs 19.3.0  
Automat 0.8.0  
blinker 1.4  
certifi 2019.11.28  
chardet 3.0.4  
Click 7.0  
cloud-init 23.2.1  
colorama 0.4.3  
command-not-found 0.3  
configobj 5.0.6  
constantly 15.1.0  
cryptography 2.8  
cupshelpers 1.0  
dbus-python 1.2.16  
defer 1.0.6  
distro 1.4.0  
distro-info 0.23ubuntu1  
entrypoints 0.3  
httplib2 0.14.0  
hyperlink 19.0.0  
idna 2.8  
importlib-metadata 1.5.0  
incremental 16.10.1  
Jinja2 2.10.1  
jsonpatch 1.22  
jsonpointer 2.0  
jsonschema 3.2.0  
keyring 18.0.1  
language-selector 0.1  
launchpadlib 1.10.13  
lazr.restfulclient 0.14.2  
lazr.uri 1.0.3  
macaroonbakery 1.3.1  
MarkupSafe 1.1.0  
more-itertools 4.2.0  
netifaces 0.10.4  
oauthlib 3.1.0  
pexpect 4.6.0  
pip 20.0.2  
protobuf 3.6.1  
psutil 5.5.1  
pyasn1 0.4.2  
pyasn1-modules 0.2.1  
pycairo 1.16.2  
pycups 1.9.73  
PyGObject 3.36.0  
PyHamcrest 1.9.0  
PyJWT 1.7.1  
pymacaroons 0.13.0  
PyNaCl 1.3.0  
pyOpenSSL 19.0.0  
pyRFC3339 1.1  
pyrsistent 0.15.5  
pyserial 3.4  
python-apt 2.0.1+ubuntu0.20.4.1  
python-debian 0.1.36+ubuntu1.1  
pytz 2019.3  
pyxdg 0.26  
PyYAML 5.3.1  
requests 2.22.0  
requests-unixsocket 0.2.0  
SecretStorage 2.3.1  
service-identity 18.1.0  
setuptools 45.2.0  
simplejson 3.16.0  
six 1.14.0  
sos 4.4  
ssh-import-id 5.10  
systemd-python 234  
Twisted 18.9.0  
ubuntu-advantage-tools 8001  
ufw 0.36  
unattended-upgrades 0.1  
urllib3 1.25.8  
wadllib 1.3.3  
wheel 0.34.2  
zipp 1.0.0  
zope.interface 4.7.1

### 安装第三方库 ###

安装命令： $ pip install numpy

hann@HannYang:~$ pip install numpy  
Collecting numpy  
Downloading numpy-1.24.4-cp38-cp38-manylinux\_2\_17\_x86\_64.manylinux2014\_x86\_64.whl (17.3 MB)  
|████████████████████████████████| 17.3 MB 39 kB/s  
Installing collected packages: numpy  
Successfully installed numpy-1.24.4

国外服务下载速度极慢，速度显示在30到300 kB/s之间跳动。

#### 使用国内镜像站 ####

比如使用清华镜像，秒装：

$ pip install numpy -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

#### 实装 tkinter 库 ####

不像windows版本的python3已自带tkinter库，ubantu python3需要自己安装。

安装命令：$ sudo apt-get install python-tk

### 编写运行代码 ###

#### 测试代码1 ####

##### 1. 创建项目 #####

hann@HannYang:~$ mkdir python
    hann@HannYang:~$ cd python

##### 2. 创建源码文件 #####

比如test.py

hann@HannYang:~/python$ touch test.py
    hann@HannYang:~/python$ ll
    total 8
    drwxr-xr-x  2 hann hann 4096 Aug  5 13:40 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 22 hann hann 4096 Aug  5 13:38 ../
    -rw-r--r--  1 hann hann    0 Aug  5 13:40 test.py

##### 3. 写入源代码 #####

注意：一定要在首行标记**解释程序**的所在位置 \#!/usr/bin/python3

hann@HannYang:~/python$ echo "#!/usr/bin/python3" > test.py
    hann@HannYang:~/python$ echo "print('Hello, python')" >> test.py
    hann@HannYang:~/python$ more ./test.py
    #!/usr/bin/python3
    print('Hello, python')
    hann@HannYang:~/python$ ll
    total 12
    drwxr-xr-x  2 hann hann 4096 Aug  5 13:40 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 22 hann hann 4096 Aug  5 13:38 ../
    -rw-r--r--  1 hann hann   43 Aug  5 13:42 test.py

##### 4. 修改权限 #####

把默认的文件权限-rw-r--r--修改为-rwxr-xr-x

hann@HannYang:~/python$ chmod +x test.py
    hann@HannYang:~/python$ ll
    total 12
    drwxr-xr-x  2 hann hann 4096 Aug  5 13:40 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 22 hann hann 4096 Aug  5 13:38 ../
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 hann hann   43 Aug  5 13:42 test.py*

##### 5. 运行代码 #####

hann@HannYang:~/python$ ./test.py
    Hello, python

#### 测试代码2 ####

再找一个稍微复杂点进行测试，如对链表进行插入排序：

![9400029b6559a5f16c48610324ceb961.gif][]

插入排序的动画演示如上。从第一个元素开始，该链表可以被认为已经部分排序（用黑色表示）。  
每次迭代时，从输入数据中移除一个元素（用红色表示），并原地将其插入到已排好序的链表中。

插入排序算法：

插入排序是迭代的，每次只移动一个元素，直到所有元素可以形成一个有序的输出列表。  
每次迭代中，插入排序只从输入数据中移除一个待排序的元素，找到它在序列中适当的位置，并将其插入。  
重复直到所有输入数据插入完为止。

示例 1：

输入: 4->2->1->3  
输出: 1->2->3->4

示例 2：

输入: -1->5->3->4->0  
输出: -1->0->3->4->5

**操作过程：**

hann@HannYang:~/python$ touch test2.py
    hann@HannYang:~/python$ chmod +x test2.py
    hann@HannYang:~/python$ vi test2.py
    hann@HannYang:~/python$ ./test2.py
    4->2->1->3->nill
    1->2->3->4->nill
    -1->5->3->4->0->nill
    -1->0->3->4->5->nill

其中，用 vi 编辑test2.py时，直接复制粘贴以下代码：

#!/usr/bin/python3
    
    class ListNode:
        def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
            self.val = val
            self.next = next
     
    def insertionSortList(head: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        dummy = ListNode(float('-inf'), head)
        tail = dummy
        cur = head
        while cur:
            if tail.val <= cur.val:
                # 若链表尾节点值小于等于当前节点，不需要移动
                tail.next = cur
                tail = cur
                cur = cur.next
            else:
                # 在已排序部分找到插入位置
                prev = dummy
                while prev.next.val < cur.val:
                    prev = prev.next
                # 插入节点
                tail.next = cur.next
                cur.next = prev.next
                prev.next = cur
                cur = tail.next
        return dummy.next
     
    def createList(lst):
        head = ListNode(lst[0])
        p = head
        for i in lst[1:]:
            node = ListNode(i)
            p.next = node
            p = p.next
        return head
     
    def traversalList(head):
        while head:
            print(head.val, end="->")
            head = head.next
        print("nill")
     
    #%%
    lst1 = [4, 2, 1, 3]
    lst2 = [-1, 5, 3, 4, 0]
     
    head1 = createList(lst1)
    traversalList(head1)
    sorted_head1 = insertionSortList(head1)
    traversalList(sorted_head1)
     
    head2 = createList(lst2)
    traversalList(head2)
    sorted_head2 = insertionSortList(head2)
    traversalList(sorted_head2)

--------------------

exit*↙*

[271b53b5511e422d9034f42f53c5e6c0.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/271b53b5511e422d9034f42f53c5e6c0.png
[Windows _ Linux _-CSDN]: https://blog.csdn.net/boysoft2002/article/details/132034088
[9400029b6559a5f16c48610324ceb961.gif]: https://img-service.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/9400029b6559a5f16c48610324ceb961.png