SpringBoot 使用异步方法

偏执的太偏执、 2023-10-16 01:27 35阅读 0赞

## SpringBoot 使用异步方法 ##

在pom文件引入相关依赖：

<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    			<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    		</dependency>

创建一个接收数据的实体：

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown=true)
    public class User {
        
    
        private String name;
        private String blog;
    
        public String getName() {
        
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
        
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getBlog() {
        
            return blog;
        }
    
        public void setBlog(String blog) {
        
            this.blog = blog;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
        
            return "User [name=" + name + ", blog=" + blog + "]";
        }
    
    }

创建一个请求的　githib的service:

@Service
    public class GitHubLookupService {
        
    
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GitHubLookupService.class);
    
        private final RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        public GitHubLookupService(RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder) {
        
            this.restTemplate = restTemplateBuilder.build();
        }
    
        @Async
        public Future<User> findUser(String user) throws InterruptedException {
        
            logger.info("Looking up " + user);
            String url = String.format("https://api.github.com/users/%s", user);
            User results = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
            // Artificial delay of 1s for demonstration purposes
            Thread.sleep(1000L);
            return new AsyncResult<>(results);
        }
    
    }

通过，RestTemplate去请求，另外加上类@Async 表明是一个异步任务。

开启异步任务：

@SpringBootApplication
    @EnableAsync
    public class Application extends AsyncConfigurerSupport {
        
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
        
            SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
        }
    
        @Override
        public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
        
            ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
            executor.setCorePoolSize(2);
            executor.setMaxPoolSize(2);
            executor.setQueueCapacity(500);
            executor.setThreadNamePrefix("GithubLookup-");
            executor.initialize();
            return executor;
        }
    
    }

通过@EnableAsync开启异步任务；并且配置AsyncConfigurerSupport，比如最大的线程池为2.

### 测试 ###

测试代码如下：

@Component
    public class AppRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
    
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AppRunner.class);
    
        private final GitHubLookupService gitHubLookupService;
    
        public AppRunner(GitHubLookupService gitHubLookupService) {
            this.gitHubLookupService = gitHubLookupService;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
            // Start the clock
            long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    
            // Kick of multiple, asynchronous lookups
            Future<User> page1 = gitHubLookupService.findUser("PivotalSoftware");
            Future<User> page2 = gitHubLookupService.findUser("CloudFoundry");
            Future<User> page3 = gitHubLookupService.findUser("Spring-Projects");
    
            // Wait until they are all done
            while (!(page1.isDone() && page2.isDone() && page3.isDone())) {
                Thread.sleep(10); //10-millisecond pause between each check
            }
    
            // Print results, including elapsed time
            logger.info("Elapsed time: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
            logger.info("--> " + page1.get());
            logger.info("--> " + page2.get());
            logger.info("--> " + page3.get());
        }
    
    }

启动程序，控制台会打印：

> 2017-04-30 13:11:10.351 INFO 1511 — \[ GithubLookup-1\] com.forezp.service.GitHubLookupService : Looking up PivotalSoftware 2017-04-30 13:11:10.351 INFO 1511 — \[ GithubLookup-2\] com.forezp.service.GitHubLookupService : Looking up CloudFoundry 2017-04-30 13:11:13.144 INFO 1511 — \[ GithubLookup-2\] com.forezp.service.GitHubLookupService : Looking up Spring-Projects

耗时：3908

分析：可以卡的前面2个方法分别在GithubLookup-1 和GithubLookup-2执行，第三个在GithubLookup-2执行，注意因为在配置线程池的时候最大线程为2.如果你把线程池的个数为3的时候，耗时减少。

如果去掉@Async，你会发现，执行这三个方法都在main线程中执行。耗时总结，如下：

> 2017-04-30 13:13:00.934 INFO 1527 — \[ main\] com.forezp.service.GitHubLookupService : Looking up PivotalSoftware 2017-04-30 13:13:03.571 INFO 1527 — \[ main\] com.forezp.service.GitHubLookupService : Looking up CloudFoundry 2017-04-30 13:13:04.865 INFO 1527 — \[ main\] com.forezp.service.GitHubLookupService : Looking up Spring-Projects

耗时：5261

通过这一个小的栗子，你应该对异步任务有了一定的了解。