JavaFX：窗体显示状态，模态非模态

末蓝、 2023-10-16 13:32 73阅读 0赞

程序窗体显示一般有3中模式。非模态和模态，其中模态又分为程序模态和窗体模态。

非模态可以理解为窗体之间没有任何限制，可以用鼠标、键盘等工具在窗体间切换。

程序模态是窗体打开后，该程序的所有窗体都被冻结，无法切换，只能在程序模态窗体关闭后才可切换。

窗体模态是窗体打开后，该窗体上溯的所有窗体都被冻结，无法切换，但是程序中已打开，不在该上溯线上的窗体可以和该窗体自由切换。

测试代码如下：

package javafx8.ch04;
    
    import javafx.application.Application;
    import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
    import javafx.event.EventHandler;
    import javafx.scene.Cursor;
    import javafx.scene.Scene;
    import javafx.scene.control.Button;
    import javafx.scene.control.Label;
    import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
    import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
    import javafx.stage.Modality;
    import javafx.stage.Stage;
    import javafx.stage.Window;
    
    import static javafx.stage.Modality.APPLICATION_MODAL;
    import static javafx.stage.Modality.NONE;
    import static javafx.stage.Modality.WINDOW_MODAL;
    
    /**
     * @copyright 2023-2022
     * @package   learnjavafx8.javafx8.ch04
     * @file      StageModalityApplication.java
     * @date      2023-02-02 20:59
     * @author    qiao wei
     * @version   1.0
     * @brief     设置窗体模态，JavaFX共分3中模态。
     *            非模态NONE：Defines a top-level window that is not modal and does not block any other window。
     *            程序模态APPLICATION_MODAL：Defines a modal window that blocks events from being delivered to any
     *            other application window。
     *            窗体模态WINDOW_MODAL：Defines a modal window that block events from being delivered to its entire
     *            owner window hierarchy。
     * @history
     */
    public class StageModalityApplication extends Application {
        
        @Override
        public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
            // Buttons to display each kind of modal stage 
            Button ownedNoneButton = new Button("Owned None");
            
            /**
             * 父控件为primaryStage，父控件与子控件stage之间为非模态，鼠标可以在父子控件间切换，当父控件关闭时，子控件
             * 跟随父控件一起关闭。
             */
            ownedNoneButton.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED,
                new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
                    @Override
                    public void handle(MouseEvent event) {
                        showDialog(primaryStage, NONE);
                    }
                }
            );
    //        ownedNoneButton.setOnAction(e -> showDialog(primaryStage, NONE));
    //        ownedNoneButton.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
    //            @Override
    //            public void handle(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
    //                showDialog(primaryStage, NONE);
    //            }
    //        });
            
            Button nonOwnedNoneButton = new Button("Non-owned None");
            
            /**
             * 父控件为null， primaryStage与控件stage之间为非模态，鼠标可以在两个控件间切换，当primaryStage控件关闭
             * 时，stage控件不关闭。
             */
            nonOwnedNoneButton.setOnAction(e -> showDialog(null, NONE));
            
            // 与创建此窗口的上层窗口形成模态。
            Button ownedWinButton = new Button("Owned Window Modal");
            // 父控件为primaryStage的WINDOW_MODAL模式，只与父控件形成模态，与父控件的其余子控件不形成模态。
            ownedWinButton.setOnAction(e -> showDialog(primaryStage, WINDOW_MODAL));
            
            Button nonOwnedWinButton = new Button("Non-owned Window Modal");
            // 父控件为null的WINDOW_MODAL模式，因为父控件为null，相当与父控件、父控件的其余子控件不形成模态。
            nonOwnedWinButton.setOnAction(e -> showDialog(null, WINDOW_MODAL));
            
            // 与创建此窗口的程序的所有窗口均形成模态。
            Button ownedAppButton = new Button("Owned Application Modal");
            // Set button opacity。
            ownedAppButton.setOpacity(0.3);
            // 父控件为primaryStage的APPLICATION_MODAL模式，与Application中的的其余所有子控件均形成模态。
            ownedAppButton.setOnAction(e -> showDialog(primaryStage, APPLICATION_MODAL));
            
            Button nonOwnedAppButton = new Button("Non-owned Application Modal");
            // 父控件为null的APPLICATION_MODAL模式，与父控件、父控件的其余子控件均形成模态。
            nonOwnedAppButton.setOnAction((ActionEvent event)
                -> showDialog(null, APPLICATION_MODAL));
                    
            VBox root = new VBox();
            root.getChildren().addAll(ownedNoneButton, 
                    nonOwnedNoneButton,
                    ownedWinButton, 
                    nonOwnedWinButton,
                    ownedAppButton, 
                    nonOwnedAppButton);
            Scene scene = new Scene(root, 300, 200);
            
            primaryStage.setScene(scene);
            primaryStage.setTitle("The Primary Stage");
            
            // Set full screen and unresizable。
            primaryStage.setFullScreen(true);
    //        primaryStage.setResizable(false);
            
            primaryStage.show();
        }
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Application.launch(StageModalityApplication.class, args);
        }
        
        /**
         * @class   StageModalityApplication
         * @date    2023-06-21 21:01
         * @author  qiao wei
         * @version 1.0
         * @brief   根据窗口拥有者和模式设置窗口状态。
         * @param   owner 窗口的父控件。
         * @param   modality 窗口模式。
         * @return  
         * @throws
         */
        private void showDialog(Window owner, Modality modality) {
            // Create a new stage with specified owner and modality
            Stage stage = new Stage();
            
            // Set the stage owner and modality
            stage.initOwner(owner);
            stage.initModality(modality);
            
            Label modalityLabel = new Label(modality.toString());
            Button closeButton = new Button("Close");
    //        closeButton.setOnAction(e -> stage.close());
            closeButton.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED, mouseEvent -> stage.close());
    
            VBox root = new VBox();
            root.getChildren().addAll(modalityLabel, closeButton);
            Scene scene = new Scene(root, 200, 100);
            
            // 设置鼠标在scene的显示模式
            scene.setCursor(Cursor.HAND);
            
            stage.setScene(scene);
            stage.setTitle("A Dialog Box");
            stage.show();
        }
    }