Spring Cloud Gateway学习（2）—— Gateway 中文乱码的解决 & 基于gateway的登陆认证和鉴权案例 & gateway和sentinel整合案例

末蓝、 2023-10-16 16:43 30阅读 0赞

## 前言 ##

Spring Cloud Gateway 基于 Spring Boot 2，是 Spring Cloud 的全新项目。Gateway 旨在提供一种简单而有效的途径来转发请求，并为它们提供横切关注点。

gateway相当于所有服务的门户，将客户端请求与服务端应用相分离，客户端请求通过gateway后由定义的路由和断言进行转发，路由代表需要转发请求的地址，断言相当于请求这些地址时所满足的条件，只有同时符合路由和断言才给予转发。

本篇博客介绍gateway的中文乱码问题解决方案，基于网关实现登陆认证和鉴权的案例，介绍gateway和sentinel整合的方式。

其他关于Gatew的文章如下：

[Spring Cloud Gateway学习（1）—— Gateway 的基本概念 & 引入依赖需要注意的事项 +解决方案 & 全局网关的入门使用案例][Spring Cloud Gateway_1_ Gateway _ _ _ _ _]

![在这里插入图片描述][1c9680ab630f444eb9fc6bf59c4b60cd.jpeg]

#### 目录 ####

*  前言
 *  引出
 *  网关中文乱码问题
 *   *  最终解决
 *  网关实现简单的登陆和权限
 *   *  1.引入依赖
     *  2.配置文件
     *  3.编写全局过滤器
     *   *  （1）设置编码格式
         *  （2）登陆认证的过滤器
         *  （3）权限的过滤器
     *  4.自定义的返回类
     *   *  （1）HttpResp
         *  （2）枚举类型RespCode
 *  网关gateway和sentinel整合
 *   *  1.引入依赖
     *  2.增加网关配置
     *  3.sentinel页面显示
     *  4.快速失败的模式
     *   *  自定义异常返回
     *  5.API模式
 *  总结

## 引出 ##

--------------------

1.gateway的中文乱码问题解决方案；  
2.基于网关实现登陆认证和鉴权的案例；  
3.介绍gateway和sentinel整合的方式；

![在这里插入图片描述][e2acaee90503437e95055d20eeb222fa.png]

## 网关中文乱码问题 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][5ed61c6c7432431486a277d9ec4ea3ba.png]

> 乱码和不乱码的对比

![在这里插入图片描述][e69da2d809ea41a382d5a2eaac04875f.png]

![在这里插入图片描述][66374c8c3f9c4d63a8cef90d905c97a4.png]

response.getHeaders().add("Content-Type","application/json;charset=UTF-8");

### 最终解决 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][451444341e7e46a7863622f6b779d36d.png]

package com.tianju.gateway.config;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilter;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
    import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
    import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
    import org.springframework.http.server.ServletServerHttpResponse;
    import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
    import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
    
    /**
     * 未起作用
     */
    @Component
    // 该值是可选的，表示Ordered接口中定义的订单值。值越低，优先级越高。
    // 默认值为Ordered.LOWEST_PRECDENCE，表示最低优先级（输给任何其他指定的顺序值）
    @Order(-1)
    public class CharacterGateway implements GlobalFilter {
         // GatewayFilter
    
        @Override
        public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        
            ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
            response.getHeaders().add("Content-Type","application/json;charset=UTF-8");
    //        HttpHeaders headers = response.getHeaders();
    //        headers.set(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    //        headers.set(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json;charset=UTF-8");
            return chain.filter(exchange);
        }
    }

> 再次请求，响应结果中文正常

![在这里插入图片描述][704434597d324796a7cbc08c37ad6bc7.png]

## 网关实现简单的登陆和权限 ##

### 1.引入依赖 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][4766b6c89cd44dad92ab01e3d1f19d1b.png]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.tianju</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud-restTemplate</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
    
        <groupId>com.tianju.gateway</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-gateway</artifactId>
    
        <properties>
            <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
            <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
                <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis-reactive</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel-gateway</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
    
        </dependencies>
    
    </project>

### 2.配置文件 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][7ad3b31bf66c475b80838cc66fb3a774.png]

> bootsrape.yml配置文件

spring:
      cloud:
        # nacos的部分
        nacos:
          discovery: # 注册中心
            server-addr: http://192.168.111.130:8848/
            register-enabled: true
            # 命名空间
            namespace: my-tianju
            # 组名
            group: DEV
    
        # sentinel的配置
        sentinel:
          transport:
            dashboard: 192.168.111.130:7777
            port: 8719
          # 这样一启动能够立马被发现，不用请求一次后才被监控
          eager: true
          # 自定义异常返回
          scg:
            fallback:
              mode: response
              response-body: "{'code':403.'msg':'请求次数过多，被限流'}"
    
        # 网关部分
        gateway:
          discovery:
            locator:
              enabled: true # 允许定位
          routes: # 路由
            - id: springCloud-consumer # id要唯一
              # lb表示负载均衡
              uri: lb://springCloud-consumer # 在nacos里根据服务名称找
              predicates:
              # http://localhost:18888/hello-wx/api/consumer/addHello
              # 根据上面，拼出来下面路径
              # http://localhost:10002/api/consumer/addHello
               - Path=/hello-wx/** # 比如输了 ip+端口/hello-wx/** 然后在nacos找真的路径
              filters:
                - StripPrefix=1 # 替换第一个，内置的filter过滤器
                # 给头部添加token AddRequestHeader: 键为token，值为后面的
                - AddRequestHeader=token, eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.e30.s1dUJ5ffnO6ntO3WD3Je2Ythfb2qUK59_7tAS5ItXkY
    
            - id: my-hello-baidu # id要唯一
              uri: https://www.sohu.com
              predicates:
              # http://localhost:18888/hello-ly
               - Path=/hello-ly/**
    
      # 如要要用spring web，则把tomcat排除一下
    #  main:
    #    web-application-type: reactive

> application.yml配置文件，redis等

server:
      port: 18888
    
    
    spring:
    
      # redis的相关配置
      redis:
        host: 124.70.138.34
        port: 6379
        database: 0
        password: My3927
    
      # 应用名
      application:
        name: springCloud-gateway
    
    logging:
      level:
        com.tianju.gateway: debug

### 3.编写全局过滤器 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][24c432adbf284de0bb96335c3a57908b.png]

#### （1）设置编码格式 ####

package com.tianju.gateway.config;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilter;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
    import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
    import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
    import org.springframework.http.server.ServletServerHttpResponse;
    import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
    import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
    
    /**
     * GatewayFilter未起作用，换成GlobalFilter后实现了，
     * 并且@Order(-1)设置为-1
     */
    @Component
    // 该值是可选的，表示Ordered接口中定义的订单值。值越低，优先级越高。
    // 默认值为Ordered.LOWEST_PRECDENCE，表示最低优先级（输给任何其他指定的顺序值）
    @Order(-1)
    public class CharacterGateway implements GlobalFilter {
         // GatewayFilter
    
        @Override
        public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        
            ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
            response.getHeaders().add("Content-Type","application/json;charset=UTF-8");
    //        HttpHeaders headers = response.getHeaders();
    //        headers.set(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    //        headers.set(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json;charset=UTF-8");
            return chain.filter(exchange);
        }
    }

#### （2）登陆认证的过滤器 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][71f0f33d81d1456a809de57e473ebe55.png]

package com.tianju.gateway.config;
    
    import cn.hutool.jwt.JWTUtil;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    
    import com.tianju.gateway.result.HttpResp;
    import lombok.SneakyThrows;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
    import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
    import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
    import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;
    import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
    import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
    import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
    
    import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
    
    @Component
    @Order(1)
    @Slf4j
    
    // http://localhost:18888/hello-wx/api/cinema/checkGenreInThisCinema
    public class LoginGateway implements GlobalFilter {
        
    
        @Override
        @SneakyThrows
        public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        
            log.debug("我是登陆过滤器>>>>>>>>>>");
            ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
            ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
    //        response.getHeaders().add("Content-Type","application/json;charset=UTF-8");
    
    
            // 请求request 的URL：http://localhost:18888/hello-wx/api/cinema/checkGenreInThisCinema
            log.debug("请求request 的URL："+request.getURI());
    
            // eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.e30.s1dUJ5ffnO6ntO3WD3Je2Ythfb2qUK59_7tAS5ItXkY
            String token = request.getHeaders().getFirst("token");
            log.debug("请求request 的token数据"+token);
    
    
            if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(token) || !JWTUtil.verify(token, "PET".getBytes())){
         // 如果没有携带token 或者JWT没有通过
                response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);
                ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
                DataBuffer buffer = response.bufferFactory()
                        .wrap(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(HttpResp.failed("未携带token"))
                                .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
    
                return response.writeWith(Mono.just(buffer));
    
            }else {
        
                return chain.filter(exchange);
            }
        }
    }

#### （3）权限的过滤器 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][41c40b3c6949467a9c82522be889b25e.png]

package com.tianju.gateway.config;
    
    import cn.hutool.jwt.JWTUtil;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import com.tianju.gateway.result.HttpResp;
    import lombok.SneakyThrows;
    import lombok.Synchronized;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
    import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
    import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
    import org.springframework.data.redis.core.ReactiveStringRedisTemplate;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
    import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;
    import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
    import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
    import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
    
    import java.net.URI;
    import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
    
    @Component
    @Order(2)
    @Slf4j
    
    /**
     * 鉴权的过滤器
     */
    public class AuthGateway implements GlobalFilter {
        
    
        @Autowired
        private ReactiveStringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;
    
        @Override
        @SneakyThrows
        public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        
            log.debug("我是鉴权的过滤器>>>>>>>>>>");
            ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
    //        ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
    
    
            // 鉴权
            // 先获取用户信息目前用户演示指定userId=1(在实际在开过程中用户信息是从JWT中获取)，
            // 再获取path
            // 请求request 的URL：http://localhost:18888/hello-wx/api/cinema/checkGenreInThisCinema
            String path = request.getPath().toString();
            log.debug("请求request 的URI："+request.getURI());
            log.debug("请求request 的PATH："+path);
            String uri = request.getURI().toString();
    
    //        redisTemplate.opsForHash().hasKey("1",path).map(
    //                b->{
        
    //                    return chain.filter(exchange);
    //                }
    //        );
    
            // eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.e30.s1dUJ5ffnO6ntO3WD3Je2Ythfb2qUK59_7tAS5ItXkY
            String token = request.getHeaders().getFirst("token");
            log.debug("请求request 数据"+token);
            return redisTemplate.opsForHash().hasKey("1", path).flatMap(b -> {
        
                if (b) {
         // 放行
                    return chain.filter(exchange);
                }
                ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
                response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);
                // TODO:响应式编程中解决中文乱码问题
    //            response.getHeaders().add("Content-Type","application/json;charset=UTF-8");
    
                // 返回httpResp的相关
                ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
                DataBuffer buffer = null;
                try {
        
                    buffer = response.bufferFactory()
                            .wrap(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(HttpResp.failed("没有权限"))
                                    .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
        
                    return Mono.error(new RuntimeException(e));
                }
                return response.writeWith(Mono.just(buffer));
            });
        }
    }

> redis里面存放的数据

![在这里插入图片描述][7cd82dad30a648acaebfc81dfa38856f.png]

### 4.自定义的返回类 ###

#### （1）HttpResp ####

![在这里插入图片描述][0e7604cbe407486baa49ddcc74a90cfd.png]

package com.tianju.gateway.result;
    
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat;
    import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
    import lombok.Data;
    import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    import java.util.Date;
    
    @Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @AllArgsConstructor
    public class HttpResp<T> implements Serializable {
        
        private int code;
        private String msg;
        private T data;
        @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss",timezone = "GMT+8")
        private Date date;
    
        /**
         * 成功无返回结果
         *
         * @return HttpResp
         */
        public static <T> HttpResp<T> success() {
        
            return success(null);
        }
        /**
         * 成功， 有返回结果
         *
         * @param data 返回数据
         * @return 返回HttpResp对象
         */
        public static <T> HttpResp<T> success(T data) {
        
            RespCode success = RespCode.SUCCESS;
            return new HttpResp(
                    success.getCode(),
                    success.getMsg(),
                    data,
                    new Date());
        }
        /**
         * 失败自定义返回错误信息
         *
         * @return 返回HttpResp对象
         */
        public static <T> HttpResp<T> failed(String msg) {
        
            return new HttpResp(
                    RespCode.ERROR.getCode(),
                    msg,
                    null,
                    new Date());
        }
        /**
         * 失败
         *
         * @return 返回HttpResp对象
         */
        public static <T> HttpResp<T> failed(RespCode respCode) {
        
            return new HttpResp(
                    respCode.getCode(),
                    respCode.getMsg(),
                    null,
                    new Date());
        }
    }

#### （2）枚举类型RespCode ####

![在这里插入图片描述][54020a219ded4eaf830f31854f89f7e0.png]

package com.tianju.gateway.result;
    
    import lombok.Getter;
    
    @Getter
    public enum RespCode {
        
        SUCCESS(200, "ok"),
        ERROR(500, "服务器异常"),
        PARAM_IS_NULL(410, "请求必填参数为空"),
        PARAM_ERROR(400, "用户请求参数错误"),
        ACCESS_UNAUTHORIZED(301, "访问未授权"),
        USER_NOT_EXIST(201, "用户不存在"),
        USER_ACCOUNT_LOCKED(202, "用户账户被冻结"),
        USER_ACCOUNT_INVALID(203, "用户账户已作废"),
        USERNAME_OR_PASSWORD_ERROR(210, "用户名或密码错误"),
        CLIENT_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED(212, "客户端认证失败"),
        TOKEN_INVALID_OR_EXPIRED(230, "token无效或已过期"),
        TOKEN_ACCESS_FORBIDDEN(231, "token已被禁止访问"),
        RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND(404, "未找到接口异常");
    
        ;
        private int code;
        private String msg;
    
        RespCode(int code,String msg){
        
            this.code = code;
            this.msg = msg;
        }
    }

## 网关gateway和sentinel整合 ##

### 1.引入依赖 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][2aa82f124d86486197a148c5746554b9.png]

<dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel-gateway</artifactId>
            </dependency>

### 2.增加网关配置 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][f517e39735db4ba4b851b5b88f4eba58.png]

spring:
      cloud:
        # nacos的部分
        nacos:
          discovery: # 注册中心
            server-addr: http://192.168.111.130:8848/
            register-enabled: true
            # 命名空间
            namespace: my-tianju
            # 组名
            group: DEV
    
        # sentinel的配置
        sentinel:
          transport:
            dashboard: 192.168.111.130:7777
            port: 8719
          # 这样一启动能够立马被发现，不用请求一次后才被监控
          eager: true
    
        # 网关部分
        gateway:
          discovery:
            locator:
              enabled: true # 允许定位
          routes: # 路由
            - id: springCloud-consumer # id要唯一
              # lb表示负载均衡
              uri: lb://springCloud-consumer # 在nacos里根据服务名称找
              predicates:
              # http://localhost:18888/hello-wx/api/consumer/addHello
              # 根据上面，拼出来下面路径
              # http://localhost:10002/api/consumer/addHello
               - Path=/hello-wx/** # 比如输了 ip+端口/hello-wx/** 然后在nacos找真的路径
              filters:
                - StripPrefix=1 # 替换第一个，内置的filter过滤器
                # 给头部添加token AddRequestHeader: 键为token，值为后面的
                - AddRequestHeader=token, eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.e30.s1dUJ5ffnO6ntO3WD3Je2Ythfb2qUK59_7tAS5ItXkY
    
            - id: my-hello-baidu # id要唯一
              uri: https://www.sohu.com
              predicates:
              # http://localhost:18888/hello-ly
               - Path=/hello-ly/**
    
      # 如要要用spring web，则把tomcat排除一下
    #  main:
    #    web-application-type: reactive

### 3.sentinel页面显示 ###

> 发送请求，sentinel页面出现两个

![在这里插入图片描述][2ad97a5683a443019dcd074425e463ea.png]

### 4.快速失败的模式 ###

> 快速失败模式，设置每秒最大请求次数

![在这里插入图片描述][f598ac9924f44c74ae03079f3dbd259c.png]

> 配置文件里面和sentinel页面参数对应关系

![在这里插入图片描述][83feff8975914803950e14fe3aa52574.png]

> 进行快速请求，别sentinel限流

![在这里插入图片描述][24ba3f77ed11496d8a4992857def7851.png]

#### 自定义异常返回 ####

> 配置文件进行自定义异常返回设置

![在这里插入图片描述][e52571a6a54544bb8d2f182370a240c4.png]

> 返回自定义异常的效果

![在这里插入图片描述][5214a20f2ae243d3be1cde2eede4024e.png]

### 5.API模式 ###

> 首先需要新增一个api

![在这里插入图片描述][5d7a5c314d334a71be6838d706792b83.png]

> api分组模式的参数选择

![在这里插入图片描述][356d910a8dca431ba002ec952649ea5e.png]

> 快速请求，被sentinel限流

![在这里插入图片描述][29403b49855e4be8b6350134909b9ea4.png]

--------------------

## 总结 ##

1.gateway的中文乱码问题解决方案；  
2.基于网关实现登陆认证和鉴权的案例；  
3.介绍gateway和sentinel整合的方式；

[Spring Cloud Gateway_1_ Gateway _ _ _ _ _]: https://blog.csdn.net/Pireley/article/details/133443521
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