简单粗暴JavaWeb(基于SpringMvc+Maven+Mysql)-第一篇：web工程搭建

「爱情、让人受尽委屈。」 2023-10-17 16:34 76阅读 0赞

## 1、利用maven骨架直接建立基础工程 ##

使用的软件为idea，首先file-new-project选择maven，使用archetype（骨架）建立一个简单的webapp工程，具体选择![Center][]

![Image 1][]![Center 1][]

Archetype是maven中的骨架/原型，可以理解为代码工程原型，通过maven-archetype-webapp就可以快速建立一个webapp工程，同理，通过maven-archetype-quickstart可以快速建立一个简单的java工程。点击next后填入工程坐标：

![Center 2][]

![Image 1][]

GroupId是机构号，一般形式如com.hanyu，artifactId是工程唯一id，用以区分不同工程，version是版本，开发版本用SNAPSHOT，发布版本用RELEASE。

![Image 1][]

然后进行maven基础配置，maven home directory是用于此工程的maven文件夹的bin文件夹所在目录:

![Image 1][]![Center 3][]

Usersetting file是此工程用的setting.xml，setting.xml类似pom，但更像一个稳定用于多个工程的pom文件，所以其中的内容共用性多于独特性，settings.xml有全局版和用户版，用户版一般放在.m2文件夹中；local repository是本地仓库，也就是maven通过依赖下载的包的本地存储地址。

![Image 1][]

然后最后进行工程目录等设置，默认即可

![Image 1][]

![Center 4][]

finish后完成骨架构建。

每当新打开工程之后，或者加入依赖之后，会有此标志，代表下载更新，点击import changes即可

![Center 5][]

![Image 1][]

结束之后，第一步利用maven搭建项目骨架就完成了，非常简单。刚完成时工程结构如图

![Image 1][]

![Center 6][]

## 2、通过配置pom文件下载需要的包（例如SpringMvc等相关的包）以及完善工程文件组成结构 ##

这里附上我的pom，按照这个来的话，不会有错（虽然不保证有没有冗余，等以后精通了再来清理）

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <groupId>www.codefeather</groupId>
      <artifactId>testMavenProject001</artifactId>
      <packaging>war</packaging>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <name>testMavenProject001 Maven Webapp</name>
      <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.1</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    
        
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.json</groupId>
          <artifactId>json</artifactId>
          <version>20160212</version>
        </dependency>
    
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
          <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
          <version>2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
          <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
          <version>2.6</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
          <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
          <version>1.8.3</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
          <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.1</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
          <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
          <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>net.sf.ezmorph</groupId>
          <artifactId>ezmorph</artifactId>
          <version>1.0.6</version>
        </dependency>
        
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
          <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
          <version>1.2.12</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
          <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
          <version>2.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
        
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>jstl</groupId>
          <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
          <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
          <artifactId>jetty-server</artifactId>
          <version>9.4.6.v20170531</version>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
      <build>
        <finalName>testMavenProject001</finalName>
      </build>
    </project>

更新后，将文件目录标准化，因为maven就是一个约定优于配置的工具，我们约定了工程目录标准，如图，自己动手将不全的建立，但是要注意把相应的文件夹进行属性的设置：

![Center 7][]

![Image 1][]

![Center 8][]

其中java文件夹配置为source类型，test文件夹配置为test类型，此时会发现页面上工程目录颜色变化了，同时，如果尝试在设置为source类型的java文件夹中建立文件夹，发现只能建立package。

![Center 9][]

![Image 1][]

以下内容参考[http://www.cnblogs.com/qixiaoyizhan/p/5819392.html][http_www.cnblogs.com_qixiaoyizhan_p_5819392.html]，此楼主很热心

## 3、设置几个配置文件 ##

开始建立配置文件，首先是web.xml，内容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
             version="3.0">
      <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file>
      </welcome-file-list>
      
      <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    
        
    
        
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
      </servlet>
    
      <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        
      </servlet-mapping>
    
      
      <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
      </listener>
    
      
      <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
      </context-param>
    </web-app>

spring-servlet.xml和classpath:applicationContext.xml标红是因为还没有建立相应文件，下面进行分别建立

在WEB-INF文件夹下面建立spring-servlet.xml文件

![Center 10][]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd">
    
        
        <mvc:annotation-driven >
    
        </mvc:annotation-driven>
    
        
        <context:component-scan base-package="HelloSpringMvc.controller" />
        
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
            <property name="prefix" value="/"/>    
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>    
        </bean>
    </beans>

然后在resources资源文件夹下建立applicationContext.xml

![Center 11][]

![Image 1][]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans
            xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd">
        
    </beans>

## 4、写一个简单的控制器controller ##

好了，现在建立一个controller，如下，注意在java中建立包的时候可能会遇到“想建立同级文件夹却建立了下级”，这个时候通过建立文件夹的时候命名用全名的方式可以解决，比如想在java文件夹下面建立两级包：HelloSpringMvc-controller，这个时候输入HelloSpringMvc.controller即可，如果还想再HelloSpringMvc下建立一个model包，那么直接右键HelloSpringMvc可能不能借建立，这个时候右键java，建立输入HelloSpringMvc.model即可，如图：

![Center 12][]

![Image 1][]

package HelloSpringMvc.controller;
    
    /**
     * Created by yuhan.shen on 2017/10/25.
     */
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping(value = "/Test/*") //访问的url地址前缀，可以不写，写了就必须在方法url前面先加上class url 进行区分控制器
    public class TestController
    {
        //访问地址：http://localhost:8080/Test/returnSuccess
        @RequestMapping(value = "returnSuccess")    //实际访问的url地址
        public String returnSuccess() {
            return "/Views/success";    //返回Views文件夹下的success.jsp页面
        }
    }

由于returnSuccess方法返回的是Views文件夹下的success.jsp,.因此我们在webapp-Views下建立此jsp文件

![Center 13][]

![Image 1][]

<%--
      Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
      User: yuhan.shen
      Date: 2017/10/25
      Time: 10:18
      To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    Hello!SpringMvc!
    </body>
    </html>

## 5、利用tomcat加载工程 ##

![Image 1][]步骤很简单：

![Center 14][]

![Image 1][]

![Center 15][]

![Center 16][]

![Center 17][]

然后运行，键入url，http://localhost:8080/Test/returnSuccess，到这里，一个最简单的javaweb工程就建立起来了。

![Center 18][]

[Center]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029092736704?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Image 1]: 
[Center 1]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029092802012?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 2]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029092832452?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 3]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029092914892?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 4]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029092959784?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 5]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029093110135?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 6]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029093157323?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 7]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029093315224?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 8]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029093335646?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 9]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029093356299?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[http_www.cnblogs.com_qixiaoyizhan_p_5819392.html]: http://www.cnblogs.com/qixiaoyizhan/p/5819392.html
[Center 10]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029093602992?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 11]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029093812538?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 12]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029093845137?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 13]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029093925471?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 14]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029094451347?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 15]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029094514881?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 16]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029094538065?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 17]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029094603009?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 18]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171029095244500?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQveWhhbl9zaGVu/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center