Python3.6 + Django2 + MySQL 实现数据插入和查询

ゞ浴缸里的玫瑰 2023-10-18 17:06 113阅读 0赞

环境要求：

Windows7、Python3.7、Django2、MySQL8

功能要求实现：

1、实现用户注册

2、展示用户信息

项目搭建步骤：

1、创建项目(sutdentsite)

django-admin startproject sutdentsite

2、创建应用(student)

python manage.py startapp student

项目结构文件说明：

sutdentsite: 项目的容器。  
manage.py: 一个实用的命令行工具，可让你以各种方式与该 Django 项目进行交互。  
sutdentsite/\_\_init\_\_.py: 一个空文件，告诉 Python 该目录是一个 Python 包。  
sutdentsite/settings.py: 该 Django 项目的设置/配置。  
sutdentsite/urls.py: 该 Django 项目的 URL 声明; 一份由 Django 驱动的网站"目录"。  
sutdentsite/wsgi.py: 一个 WSGI 兼容的 Web 服务器的入口，以便运行你的项目。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

应用结构文件说明：

student：应用的容器

student/admin.py：Django自带了一个管理界面，这个文件可以注册model在界面中管理

student/\_\_init\_\_.py：无

student/migrations：用来初始化数据库，在执行python manage.py makemigrations 的时候会自动生成一个文件在这里

student/migrations/\_\_init\_\_.py：表明migrations也是一个包

student/models.py：在这个文件里面定义model类

student/tests.py：写测试代码

student/views.py：视图，Django映射urls.py里面的url的时候，在views.py里面查找对应的处理方法

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

3、项目(sutdentsite)添加模板文件:template

![20190414214245330.png][]

4、项目（sutdentsite)编辑配置文件setting

4.1 调整时区

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
    
    TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
    
    USE_I18N = True
    
    USE_L10N = True
    
    USE_TZ = True

4.2 添加应用(student)

INSTALLED_APPS = [
        'django.contrib.admin',
        'django.contrib.auth',
        'django.contrib.contenttypes',
        'django.contrib.sessions',
        'django.contrib.messages',
        'django.contrib.staticfiles',
        'student',
    ]

4.3 配置MySQL 数据库连接：

DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'NAME': 'student',
            'USER': 'root',
            'PASSWORD': '123456',
            'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
            'PORT': '3306',
            'OPTIONS': {'charset': 'utf8mb4'},
        }
    }

4.4、移除crsf 中间件

MIDDLEWARE = [
        'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
        # 关闭Django的跨站请求保护机制
        # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    ]

4.5、配置template 文件夹

TEMPLATES = [
        {
            'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
            # 模板文件绝对路径写法
            'DIRS': ['E:/python_workspace/sutdentsite/template'],
            'APP_DIRS': True,
            'OPTIONS': {
                'context_processors': [
                    'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                    'django.template.context_processors.request',
                    'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                    'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
                ],
            },
        },
    ]

5、用户数据库设计

student/model.py创建用户信息表

from django.db import models
    
    # Create your models here.
    
    
    class UserInfo(models.Model):
        username = models.CharField(max_length=50)
        password = models.CharField(max_length=50)
        address = models.CharField(max_length=200)
        email = models.EmailField()
        create_date = models.DateField()
        age = models.CharField(max_length=20)
        sex = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    
    
    class User(models.Model):
        user_name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
        user_password = models.CharField(max_length=20)
        user_email = models.EmailField()
        user_address = models.CharField(max_length=500)
        user_cards = models.CharField(max_length=20)
        user_numbers = models.CharField(max_length=20)

在终端Terminal 项目目录下执行数据表更新命令：

`python manage.py makemigrations`

`python manage.py migrate`

6、在student目录下views.py增加两个函数insert 注册信息 和lists 查询信息

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
    from . import models
    # 引入模块
    from django.utils.timezone import now
    
    
    # Create your views here.
    
    
    def lists(req):
        data = {}
        listdata = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
        data['list'] = listdata
        return render(req, 'lists.html', data)
    
    
    # 路由中指定要调用的函数,传入一个用户请求参数
    def index(request):
        # 返回HTML页面时,使用render来渲染和打包
        return render(request, 'index.html')
    
    
    def insert(request):
        if request.method == 'GET':
            return render(request, 'register.html')
        elif request.method == "POST":
            username = request.POST.get("username", None)
            password = request.POST.get("password", None)
            mail = request.POST.get("email", None)
            age = request.POST.get("age", None)
            address = request.POST.get("address", None)
            models.UserInfo.objects.create(username=username, password=password, email=mail, age=age, address=address,
                                           create_date=now())
            return redirect('student:lists')

7、在student下增加一个url.py，并添加student 应用的命名空间

from django.conf.urls import url
    from . import views
    # include()函数允许引用其他的 URLconf。每当 django 遇到 include()，它会截取 URL
    # 中匹配到的前面的部分，并将剩余部分的字符串发送给包含的 URLconf 做进一步处理
    app_name = 'student'
    urlpatterns = [
        url('lists/', views.lists, name='lists'),
        url('register/', views.insert, name='register'),
        url('index/', views.index),
    ]

然后在sutdentsite目录下的urls.py文件中，添加student应用的url 路径引用

"""sutdentsite URL Configuration
    
    The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
        https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
    Examples:
    Function views
        1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
    Class-based views
        1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
    Including another URLconf
        1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
    """
    from django.contrib import admin
    from django.urls import path
    from django.conf.urls import include
    
    urlpatterns = [
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
        path('student/', include('student.urls', namespace='student')),
    ]

8、在template模板目录下创建两个html文件，用于用户注册和用户信息展示

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>用户注册</title>
    <STYLE type="text/css">
            #login{
                width:400px;
                height:280px;
                position:absolute;
                left: 50%;
                top: 50%;
                margin-left:-200px;
                margin-top:-140px;
                border:1px;
                background-color:white;
                align:center;
    
    }
            #form{
                width:300px;
                height:160px;
                position:relative;
                 left:50%;
                  top:50%;
                  margin-left:-150px;
                  margin-top:-80px;
    
            }
    
        </STYLE>
    
      </head>
    
      <body>
        <div id="login">
            <div id="form">
    		    <form id='addForm' action="{% url 'student:register' %}" method="post">
    		     <div class="form-group">
    		        <label for="name">姓    名：</label>
    		        <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名" required/>
    		     </div>
    		     <div class="form-group">
    		        <label for="name">密    码：</label>
    		        <input type="password" name="password" placeholder="请输入密码" required/>
    		     </div>
    		     <div class="form-group">
    		        <label for="name">邮    箱：</label>
    		        <input type="mail" name="email" placeholder="请输入邮箱地址" required/>
    		     </div>
    		     <div class="form-group">
    		        <label for="name">年纪：</label>
    		        <input type="text" name="age" placeholder="请输入正确的手机号" required/>
    		     </div>
    		     <div class="form-group">
    		        <label for="name">住    址：</label>
    		        <input type="address" name="address" placeholder="请输入你现在的住址" required/>
    		     </div>
    		        <input type="submit" value="提交"  align="right">
    		    </form>
            </div>
        </div>
      </body>
    </html>

lists.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>用户列表</title>
        
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    	<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    	<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <ul class="breadcrumb">
            <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">2018</a></li>
            <li class="active">十一月</li>
        </ul>
        <table class="table">
    	<caption>用户列表</caption>
       <thead>
          <tr>
             <th>ID</th>
             <th>账户</th>
             <th>密码</th>
             <th>地址</th>
             <th>时间</th>
          </tr>
       </thead>
       <tbody>
          {% for d in list %}
          <tr>
             <td>{
       { d.id }}</td>
             <td>{
       { d.username }}</td>
             <td>{
       { d.password }}</td>
             <td>{
       { d.address }}</td>
             <td>{
       { d.create_date }}</td>
          </tr>
          {% endfor %}
       </tbody>
    </table>
    </body>
    </html>

效果展示:

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

源代码下载地址：

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190414213232278.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190414214042746.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20190414214245330.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190414214245330.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190414220550259.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70