使用Java网络编程,窗口,线程,IO,内部类等实现多人在线聊天1.0

亦凉 2024-02-05 12:48 13阅读 0赞

## 1.整体思路 ##

### 思路图 ###

![5b3c97a5649f45698a019a67b5c66527.png][]

整体思路如上: 涉及知识点:线程+网络编程+集合+IO等

###  ###

### TCP 协议 ###

![d1e074db85854c009a0f3ddcbb83c3cf.png][]

## 2.代码实现过程 ##

### 服务端 ###

import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
    import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
    import java.io.DataInputStream;
    import java.io.DataOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.ServerSocket;
    import java.net.Socket;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    
    public class Server extends JFrame {//继承窗口来实现窗口功能
        /*设置接受客户端的集合,把接入服务器的客户端存入集合,方便后续的消息转发*/
        ArrayList<Socket> socketsClients = new ArrayList<>();
    
        /*由于下面线程需要调用窗口的一些东西,所以需要全局变量*/
        JTextArea jTextArea;
        JTextArea jTextSend = new JTextArea(30,20);//只能设置几列
        JButton jButtonSend = new JButton("发送") ;
        public Server() {
            //创建服务器窗口 一些列属性
            //主面板
            JPanel priorPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
    
            //显示消息
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//关闭窗口结束程序
            this.setTitle("来自客户端的消息");
            this.setSize(500, 500);
            jTextArea = new JTextArea();//显示客户端的信息
            jTextArea.setEditable(false);//不可以修改 面板信息
    
            JScrollPane clientInformation = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
    
            priorPanel.add(clientInformation,BorderLayout.CENTER);
            //写一个发布公告的窗口
            JPanel sendPanel = new JPanel();//默认流式布局
            JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextSend);
            jScrollPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(400,50));
    
            sendPanel.add(jScrollPane);
            sendPanel.add(jButtonSend);
            priorPanel.add(sendPanel,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    
            this.add(priorPanel);
    
            //创建监听发送键 
            jButtonSend.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            /*用来对每个客户端发送公告*/
    
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    String announcement = "来自服务器的公告:"+jTextSend.getText()+"\n";
                    //把公告发布到聊天界面
                    jTextArea.append(announcement);
    
                    /*使用for循环来遍历每个客户端的对象*/
                    for(Socket soc:socketsClients){
                        DataOutputStream dataOutputStream = null;
                        try {
                            dataOutputStream = new DataOutputStream(soc.getOutputStream());
                            dataOutputStream.writeUTF(announcement+"\n");
                        } catch (IOException ioException) {
                            ioException.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    jTextSend.setText(null);
                }
            });
    
    
            this.setVisible(true);
    //===================================================================================
    //以上为窗口的创建,下面为功能的实现
            try {
                //创建服务器对象 设置端口
                ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9998);
                
                //使用无限循环来不停接受客户端的连接
                while(true){
                    Socket socketClient = serverSocket.accept();
    
                    //接收到一个就向集合加入一个客户端
                    socketsClients.add(socketClient);
                    //就收一个连接就在后台提示一遍
                    System.out.println("有"+socketsClients.size()+"个邓钦文连接到服务器!");
                    
                    //然后启动该客户端的线程  线程的实现则需要我们使用内部类
                    new SocketThread(socketClient).start();
                }
    
                //处理客户端输入的东西
    
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                System.out.println("服务器启动失败!");
            }
    
    
        }
        //创建监听
    
        //创建内部类 线程
        class SocketThread extends Thread{
            DataInputStream dataInputStream;
            Socket socket;
            /*构建方法 传入当前客户的连接*/
            public SocketThread(Socket socket) throws IOException {
            /*接受客户端的输入流*/
                dataInputStream = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
                this.socket = socket;
            }
            /*重写run方法 来实现对客户端的操作方法*/
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(true){
                    try {
    
                        String msg = dataInputStream.readUTF();
                        /*读取客户端的信息 并打印到自己的窗口上*/
                        jTextArea.append(msg+"\n");
                        //给每一个客户端发送信息  实现群聊的效果
                        for(Socket soc:socketsClients){
                            DataOutputStream dataOutputStream = new DataOutputStream(soc.getOutputStream());
                            dataOutputStream.writeUTF(msg+"\n");
                        }
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        System.out.println("读取失败!");
                        socketsClients.remove(socket);
                        return;
                    }
    
                }
            }
    
    
        }
    
    }

### 客户端 ###

#### 登录界面 ####

import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.Socket;
    
    public class EnterFrame extends JFrame {
        public EnterFrame() throws HeadlessException {
    
            this.setSize(600,500);
            this.setTitle("欢迎登录");
            this.setResizable(true);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//关闭窗口结束程序
            this.setLocationRelativeTo(this);
    
    
            JPanel jPanelLast = new JPanel(new GridLayout(4,1));
    
            //头顶部分
            JPanel jPanelTop = new JPanel();
    
            JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎登录");
    
            jLabel.setFont(new Font("宋体",Font.BOLD,30));
    
            //中间部分
            JPanel jPanelMiddle = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1,0,0));
    
            JPanel jPanelAccount = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());
            
              //账号密码输入端
            JLabel jLabelAccount = new JLabel("账号");
            JTextField jTextFieldAccount = new JTextField(15);
            jPanelAccount.add(jLabelAccount);
            jPanelAccount.add(jTextFieldAccount);
    
    
    
            JPanel jPanelPassword = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());
            JLabel jLabelPassword = new JLabel("密码");
            JPasswordField jTextFieldPassword = new JPasswordField(15);
            jPanelPassword.add(jLabelPassword);
            jPanelPassword.add(jTextFieldPassword);
            //底部  登录按钮端
            JPanel jPanelFoot = new JPanel();
    
            JPanel jPanelButton = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());
            JButton enterButton = new JButton("登录");
            JButton signButton = new JButton("注册");
            jPanelButton.add(enterButton);
            jPanelButton.add(signButton);
    
            jPanelTop.add(jLabel);
            jPanelMiddle.add(jPanelAccount);
            jPanelMiddle.add(jPanelPassword);
            jPanelFoot.add(jPanelButton);
    
            jPanelLast.add(jPanelTop);
            jPanelLast.add(jPanelMiddle);
            jPanelLast.add(jPanelFoot);
    
    
            this.add(jPanelLast);
            this.setVisible(true);
    //================================================================================
    //以上为登录界面窗口的设计  可以自己设计
    
    //设计监听事件  来判断用户的读取
            enterButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
    
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    //1.判断不能为空
                    if(jTextFieldAccount.getText().length()<=0||jTextFieldPassword.getText().length()<=0) {
                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "输入的账号或密码为空!");
                        return;
                    }
    //2.输入只能为数字与字母
                    if((jTextFieldAccount.getText().matches("[a-zA-Z0-9]*")&&jTextFieldPassword.getText().matches("[a-zA-Z0-9]*"))==false){
                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"输入的账号或密码只能为字母和数字");
                        return;
                    }
    
    //如果都满足了登录成功 创建 客户端对象 输入服务器地址 与端口  关闭登录界面
    
                    try {
                        Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9998);
                        new ChatFrame(jTextFieldAccount.getText(),socket);
                        dispose();//关闭了登录窗口
                    } catch (IOException ioException) {
                        ioException.printStackTrace();
                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"无法连接服务器");
                    }
    
    
                }
            });
    
    
    
        }
    
    
    
    }

#### 聊天界面 ####

import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
    import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
    import java.io.DataInputStream;
    import java.io.DataOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.Socket;
    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
    import java.util.Date;
    
    public class ChatFrame extends JFrame {
        JTextArea jTextArea;
        public ChatFrame(String account , Socket socket) throws HeadlessException {
            this.setSize(700, 600);
            this.setTitle("欢迎来到"+account+"聊天室");
            this.setResizable(true);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);
    
            JPanel jPanelEnd = new JPanel( new BorderLayout());//最终面板
    
            jTextArea = new JTextArea();
            jTextArea.setEditable(false);
            JScrollPane jScrollPane1 = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
            jPanelEnd.add(jScrollPane1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
    
            JPanel jPanelInput = new JPanel();
            JTextArea jTextArea2 = new JTextArea(5,40);
            //带滑动的窗口
            JScrollPane jScrollPane2 = new JScrollPane(jTextArea2);//不能通过add加入,只能通过构造方法加入,这样不会出现不显示的问题
    
    
            jPanelInput.add(jScrollPane2);
    
            JButton jButtonSend = new JButton("发送");
            jPanelInput.add(jButtonSend);
    
    
            jPanelEnd.add(jPanelInput,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
            this.add(jPanelEnd);
    
            try {
                new ClientThread(socket).start();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"发送错误");
            }
    //关闭窗口,显示登录窗口
            this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.out.println("你确定要关闭我妈?");
                    int res = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,"你确定要关闭我吗","操作提示",JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION);
                    if(res==0){
                        //点击确定
                        new EnterFrame();
                        dispose();//关闭当前对象
                    }
                }
            });
            //监听发送事件
            try {
                DataOutputStream socketOutput = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
                String message = socketOutput.toString();
                jButtonSend.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
    
                    @Override
                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                        if(message.length()<=0){
                            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"输入消息不能为空!");
                            return;
                        }
    
                        String msg = account+" "+ new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) +"\n"+jTextArea2.getText();
                        try {
                            socketOutput.writeUTF(msg);
                            System.out.println(msg);
                            jTextArea2.setText("");
    
                        } catch (IOException ioException) {
                            ioException.printStackTrace();
                            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"发生错误");
                        }
                    }
    
                });
    
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
            this.setVisible(true);
    //=======================================================================================
    //窗口的创建以及窗口功能的实现
        }
    
    //创建内部列 创建客户端的线程,解决多个聊天窗口同时实现
        class ClientThread extends  Thread{
            DataInputStream inputStream;
            Socket socket;
            /*构造方法*/
            public ClientThread(Socket socket) throws IOException {
                inputStream = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
                this.socket = socket;
            }
    
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    while(true){
                /*把接受的到信息添加到窗口中*/
                        String msg = inputStream.readUTF();
                        jTextArea.append(msg+"\n");
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    }

### 启动程序 ###

public class RunOfServer {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            new Server();
        }
    }

public class RunOfClient {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            new EnterFrame();
        }
    }

## 3.实现结果 ##

1.启动服务器

![16182041264b49778e2ebac0c2d25cf0.png][]

2.尝试启动 3个客户端 并登录

![6c3652a6f8204a21a45bfd4673edef3c.png][] ![5d985973b0ab475eaa8ff03c7b25195d.png][]

3.测试消息发送接收以及公告发送功能.

![803003105bc245249faa05dd85651dfb.png][]

## 4.总结 ##

**本次聊天室1.0的简单实现使用了 Java 的网络编程 IO 线程 异常的抛出 集合 内部类 GUI等**

希望指出错误并提供改进意见

[5b3c97a5649f45698a019a67b5c66527.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/05/f30725a732bf4a9795f1683642bfc5a6.png
[d1e074db85854c009a0f3ddcbb83c3cf.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/05/a6b07798c1334005a7667fb44c31bda7.png
[16182041264b49778e2ebac0c2d25cf0.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/05/a035ca026aa64767b8b8bf65df534c2a.png
[6c3652a6f8204a21a45bfd4673edef3c.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/6c3652a6f8204a21a45bfd4673edef3c.png
[5d985973b0ab475eaa8ff03c7b25195d.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/05/a1f490ec24ab4a428b0c4aa3ca3f261f.png
[803003105bc245249faa05dd85651dfb.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/05/c4a2238bd10c4387aaaa6a6c917f5e40.png