k8s高可用集群安装：kubeadm部署高可用k8s集群 1.21.0完整过程记录（HAProxy + Keepalived）

太过爱你忘了你带给我的痛 2024-02-17 08:31 77阅读 0赞

## kubeadm部署高可用kubernetes集群 1.21 ##

## 一、kubernetes 1.21发布 ##

![请添加图片描述][66cbe38bf770498da485826718c980c4.png]

### 1.1 介绍 ###

2021年04月，Kubernetes 1.21正式与大家见面，这是我们 2021 年的第一个版本！这个版本包含 51 个增强功能：13 个增强功能升级为稳定版，16 个增强功能升级为 beta 版，20 个增强功能进入 alpha 版，还有 2 个功能已经弃用。

### 1.2 主要变化 ###

*  CronJobs 毕业到稳定！

自 Kubernetes 1.8 以来，CronJobs一直是一个测试版功能！在 1.21 中，我们终于看到这个广泛使用的 API 毕业到稳定。

CronJobs 用于执行定期计划的操作，如备份、报告生成等。每个任务都应该被配置为无限期地重复出现（例如：一天/一周/一个月）；你可以在该间隔内定义作业应该启动的时间点。

*  不可变的 Secrets 和 ConfigMaps

Immutable Secrets和ConfigMaps为这些资源类型添加了一个新字段，如果设置了该字段，将拒绝对这些对象的更改。默认情况下，Secrets 和 ConfigMaps 是可变的，这对能够使用更改的 pod 是有益的。如果将错误的配置推送给使用它们的 pod，可变的 Secrets 和 ConfigMaps 也会导致问题。

通过将 Secrets 和 ConfigMaps 标记为不可变的，可以确保应用程序配置不会改变。如果你希望进行更改，则需要创建一个新的、唯一命名的 Secret 或 ConfigMap，并部署一个新的 pod 来消耗该资源。不可变资源也有伸缩性优势，因为控制器不需要轮询 API 服务器来观察变化。

这个特性在 Kubernetes 1.21 中已经毕业到稳定。

*  IPv4/IPv6 双栈支持

IP 地址是一种可消耗的资源，集群操作人员和管理员需要确保它不会耗尽。特别是，公共 IPv4 地址现在非常稀少。双栈支持使原生 IPv6 路由到 pod 和服务，同时仍然允许你的集群在需要的地方使用 IPv4。双堆栈集群网络还改善了工作负载的可能伸缩限制。

Kubernetes 的双栈支持意味着 pod、服务和节点可以获得 IPv4 地址和 IPv6 地址。在 Kubernetes 1.21 中，双栈网络已经从 alpha 升级到 beta，并且已经默认启用了。

*  优雅的节点关闭

在这个版本中，优雅的节点关闭也升级到测试版（现在将提供给更大的用户群）！这是一个非常有益的特性，它允许 kubelet 知道节点关闭，并优雅地终止调度到该节点的 pod。

目前，当节点关闭时，pod 不会遵循预期的终止生命周期，也不会正常关闭。这可能会在许多不同的工作负载下带来问题。接下来，kubelet 将能够通过 systemd 检测到即将发生的系统关闭，然后通知正在运行的 pod，以便它们能够尽可能优雅地终止。

*  PersistentVolume 健康监测器

持久卷（Persistent Volumes，PV）通常用于应用程序中获取本地的、基于文件的存储。它们可以以许多不同的方式使用，并帮助用户迁移应用程序，而不需要重新编写存储后端。

Kubernetes 1.21 有一个新的 alpha 特性，允许对 PV 进行监视，以了解卷的运行状况，并在卷变得不健康时相应地进行标记。工作负载将能够对运行状况状态作出反应，以保护数据不被从不健康的卷上写入或读取。

*  减少 Kubernetes 的构建维护

以前，Kubernetes 维护了多个构建系统。这常常成为新贡献者和当前贡献者的摩擦和复杂性的来源。

在上一个发布周期中，为了简化构建过程和标准化原生的 Golang 构建工具，我们投入了大量的工作。这应该赋予更广泛的社区维护能力，并降低新贡献者进入的门槛。

### 1.3 重大变化 ###

*  弃用 PodSecurityPolicy

在 Kubernetes 1.21 中，PodSecurityPolicy 已被弃用。与 Kubernetes 所有已弃用的特性一样，PodSecurityPolicy 将在更多版本中继续可用并提供完整的功能。先前处于测试阶段的 PodSecurityPolicy 计划在 Kubernetes 1.25 中删除。

接下来是什么？我们正在开发一种新的内置机制来帮助限制 Pod 权限，暂定名为“PSP 替换策略”。我们的计划是让这个新机制覆盖关键的 PodSecurityPolicy 用例，并极大地改善使用体验和可维护性。

*  弃用 TopologyKeys

服务字段 topologyKeys 现在已弃用；所有使用该字段的组件特性以前都是 alpha 特性，现在也已弃用。我们用一种实现感知拓扑路由的方法替换了 topologyKeys，这种方法称为感知拓扑提示。支持拓扑的提示是 Kubernetes 1.21 中的一个 alpha 特性。你可以在拓扑感知提示中阅读关于替换特性的更多细节；相关的KEP解释了我们替换的背景。

## 二、kubernetes 1.21.0 部署工具介绍 ##

### What is Kubeadm ? ###

`Kubeadm is a tool built to provide best-practice "fast paths" for creating Kubernetes clusters. It performs the actions necessary to get a minimum viable, secure cluster up and running in a user friendly way. Kubeadm's scope is limited to the local node filesystem and the Kubernetes API, and it is intended to be a composable building block of higher level tools.`

Kubeadm是为创建Kubernetes集群提供最佳实践并能够“快速路径”构建kubernetes集群的工具。它能够帮助我们执行必要的操作，以获得最小可行的、安全的集群，并以用户友好的方式运行。

### Common Kubeadm cmdlets ###

1.  **kubeadm init** to bootstrap the initial Kubernetes control-plane node. `初始化`
2.  **kubeadm join** to bootstrap a Kubernetes worker node or an additional control plane node, and join it to the cluster. `添加工作节点到kubernetes集群`
3.  **kubeadm upgrade** to upgrade a Kubernetes cluster to a newer version. `更新kubernetes版本`
4.  **kubeadm reset** to revert any changes made to this host by kubeadm init or kubeadm join. `重置kubernetes集群`

## 三、kubernetes 1.21.0 部署环境准备 ##

> 3主2从

### 3.1 主机操作系统说明 ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th align="center">序号</th> 
   <th align="center">操作系统及版本</th> 
   <th align="center">备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="center">1</td> 
   <td align="center">CentOS7u6</td> 
   <td align="center"></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 3.2 主机硬件配置说明 ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>需求</th> 
   <th>CPU</th> 
   <th>内存</th> 
   <th>硬盘</th> 
   <th>角色</th> 
   <th>主机名</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>值</td> 
   <td>4C</td> 
   <td>8G</td> 
   <td>100GB</td> 
   <td>master</td> 
   <td>master01</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>值</td> 
   <td>4C</td> 
   <td>8G</td> 
   <td>100GB</td> 
   <td>master</td> 
   <td>master02</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>值</td> 
   <td>4C</td> 
   <td>8G</td> 
   <td>100GB</td> 
   <td>master</td> 
   <td>master03</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>值</td> 
   <td>4C</td> 
   <td>8G</td> 
   <td>100GB</td> 
   <td>worker(node)</td> 
   <td>worker01</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>值</td> 
   <td>4C</td> 
   <td>8G</td> 
   <td>100GB</td> 
   <td>worker(node)</td> 
   <td>worker02</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>序号</th> 
   <th>主机名</th> 
   <th>IP地址</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>master01</td> 
   <td>192.168.10.11</td> 
   <td>master</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>master02</td> 
   <td>192.168.10.12</td> 
   <td>master</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>3</td> 
   <td>master03</td> 
   <td>192.168.10.13</td> 
   <td>master</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>worker01</td> 
   <td>192.168.10.14</td> 
   <td>node</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>worker02</td> 
   <td>192.168.10.15</td> 
   <td>node</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>master01</td> 
   <td>192.168.10.100</td> 
   <td>vip</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>序号</th> 
   <th>主机名</th> 
   <th>功能</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>master01</td> 
   <td>haproxy、keepalived</td> 
   <td>keepalived主节点</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>master02</td> 
   <td>haproxy、keepalived</td> 
   <td>keepalived从节点</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 3.3 主机配置 ###

#### 3.3.1 主机名配置 ####

由于本次使用5台主机完成kubernetes集群部署，其中3台为master节点,名称为master01、master02、master03;其中2台为worker节点，名称分别为：worker01及worker02

master节点,名称为master01
    # hostnamectl set-hostname master01

master节点,名称为master02
    # hostnamectl set-hostname master02

master节点,名称为master03
    # hostnamectl set-hostname master03

worker1节点,名称为worker01
    # hostnamectl set-hostname worker01

worker2节点,名称为worker02
    # hostnamectl set-hostname worker02

#### 3.3.2 主机IP地址配置 ####

master01节点IP地址为：192.168.10.11/24
    # vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
    TYPE="Ethernet"
    PROXY_METHOD="none"
    BROWSER_ONLY="no"
    BOOTPROTO="none"
    DEFROUTE="yes"
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
    IPV6INIT="yes"
    IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
    IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
    IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
    IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
    NAME="ens33"
    DEVICE="ens33"
    ONBOOT="yes"
    IPADDR="192.168.10.11"
    PREFIX="24"
    GATEWAY="192.168.10.2"
    DNS1="119.29.29.29"

master02节点IP地址为：192.168.10.12/24
    # vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
    TYPE="Ethernet"
    PROXY_METHOD="none"
    BROWSER_ONLY="no"
    BOOTPROTO="none"
    DEFROUTE="yes"
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
    IPV6INIT="yes"
    IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
    IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
    IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
    IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
    NAME="ens33"
    DEVICE="ens33"
    ONBOOT="yes"
    IPADDR="192.168.10.12"
    PREFIX="24"
    GATEWAY="192.168.10.2"
    DNS1="119.29.29.29"

master03节点IP地址为：192.168.10.13/24
    # vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
    TYPE="Ethernet"
    PROXY_METHOD="none"
    BROWSER_ONLY="no"
    BOOTPROTO="none"
    DEFROUTE="yes"
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
    IPV6INIT="yes"
    IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
    IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
    IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
    IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
    NAME="ens33"
    DEVICE="ens33"
    ONBOOT="yes"
    IPADDR="192.168.10.13"
    PREFIX="24"
    GATEWAY="192.168.10.2"
    DNS1="119.29.29.29"

worker01节点IP地址为：192.168.10.14/24
    # vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
    TYPE="Ethernet"
    PROXY_METHOD="none"
    BROWSER_ONLY="no"
    BOOTPROTO="none"
    DEFROUTE="yes"
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
    IPV6INIT="yes"
    IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
    IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
    IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
    IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
    NAME="ens33"
    DEVICE="ens33"
    ONBOOT="yes"
    IPADDR="192.168.10.14"
    PREFIX="24"
    GATEWAY="192.168.10.2"
    DNS1="119.29.29.29"

worker02节点IP地址为：192.168.10.15/24
    # vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
    TYPE="Ethernet"
    PROXY_METHOD="none"
    BROWSER_ONLY="no"
    BOOTPROTO="none"
    DEFROUTE="yes"
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
    IPV6INIT="yes"
    IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
    IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
    IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
    IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
    NAME="ens33"
    DEVICE="ens33"
    ONBOOT="yes"
    IPADDR="192.168.10.15"
    PREFIX="24"
    GATEWAY="192.168.10.2"
    DNS1="119.29.29.29"

#### 3.3.3 主机名与IP地址解析 ####

> 所有集群主机均需要进行配置。

# cat /etc/hosts
    ......
    192.168.10.11 master01
    192.168.10.12 master02
    192.168.10.13 master03
    192.168.10.14 worker01
    192.168.10.15 worker02

#### 3.3.4 防火墙配置 ####

> 所有主机均需要操作。

关闭现有防火墙firewalld
    # systemctl disable firewalld
    # systemctl stop firewalld
    # firewall-cmd --state
    not running

#### 3.3.5 SELINUX配置 ####

> 所有主机均需要操作。修改SELinux配置需要重启操作系统。

# sed -ri 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

#### 3.3.6 时间同步配置 ####

> 所有主机均需要操作。最小化安装系统需要安装ntpdate软件。

# crontab -l
    0 */1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time1.aliyun.com

#### 3.3.7 多机互信 ####

> 在master节点上生成证书，复制到其它节点即可。复制完成后，可以相互测试登录。

# ssh-keygen

# cd /root/.ssh
    [root@master01 .ssh]# ls
    id_rsa  id_rsa.pub  known_hosts
    [root@master01 .ssh]# cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys

# for i in 12 13 14 15; do scp -r /root/.ssh 192.168.10.$i:/root/; done

#### 3.3.8 升级操作系统内核 ####

> 所有主机均需要操作。

导入elrepo gpg key
    # rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org

安装elrepo YUM源仓库
    # yum -y install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm

安装kernel-ml版本，ml为长期稳定版本，lt为长期维护版本
    # yum --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" -y install kernel-ml.x86_64

设置grub2默认引导为0
    # grub2-set-default 0

重新生成grub2引导文件
    # grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

更新后，需要重启，使用升级的内核生效。
    # reboot

重启后，需要验证内核是否为更新对应的版本
    # uname -r

#### 3.3.9 配置内核转发及网桥过滤 ####

> 所有主机均需要操作。

添加网桥过滤及内核转发配置文件
    # cat /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
    net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
    vm.swappiness = 0

加载br_netfilter模块
    # modprobe br_netfilter

查看是否加载
    # lsmod | grep br_netfilter
    br_netfilter           22256  0
    bridge                151336  1 br_netfilter

加载网桥过滤及内核转发配置文件
    # sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
    net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
    vm.swappiness = 0

#### 3.3.10 安装ipset及ipvsadm ####

> 所有主机均需要操作。主要用于实现service转发。

安装ipset及ipvsadm
    # yum -y install ipset ipvsadm

配置ipvsadm模块加载方式
    添加需要加载的模块
    # cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
    #!/bin/bash
    modprobe -- ip_vs
    modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
    modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
    modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
    modprobe -- nf_conntrack
    EOF

授权、运行、检查是否加载
    # chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

#### 3.3.11 关闭SWAP分区 ####

> 修改完成后需要重启操作系统，如不重启，可临时关闭，命令为swapoff -a

永远关闭swap分区，需要重启操作系统
    # cat /etc/fstab
    ......
    
    # /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
    
    在上一行中行首添加#

### 3.4 Docker准备 ###

> 所有集群主机均需操作。

#### 3.4.1 获取YUM源 ####

> 使用阿里云开源软件镜像站。

# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

#### 3.4.2 查看可安装版本 ####

# yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r

#### 3.4.3 安装指定版本并设置启动及开机自启动 ####

# yum -y install --setopt=obsoletes=0 docker-ce-20.10.9-3.el7

# systemctl enable docker ; systemctl start docker

#### 3.4.4 修改cgroup方式 ####

在/etc/docker/daemon.json添加如下内容
    
    # cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
    {
        
            "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
    }

#### 3.4.5 重启docker ####

# systemctl restart docker

## 四、HAProxy及Keepalived部署 ##

### 4.1 HAProxy及keepalived安装 ###

[root@master01 ~]# yum -y install haproxy keepalived

[root@master02 ~]# yum -y install haproxy keepalived

### 4.2 HAProxy配置及启动 ###

[root@master01 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
    [root@master01 ~]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Example configuration for a possible web application.  See the
    # full configuration options online.
    #
    #
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Global settings
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    global
      maxconn  2000
      ulimit-n  16384
      log  127.0.0.1 local0 err
      stats timeout 30s
    
    defaults
      log global
      mode  http
      option  httplog
      timeout connect 5000
      timeout client  50000
      timeout server  50000
      timeout http-request 15s
      timeout http-keep-alive 15s
    
    frontend monitor-in
      bind *:33305
      mode http
      option httplog
      monitor-uri /monitor
    
    frontend k8s-master
      bind 0.0.0.0:16443
      bind 127.0.0.1:16443
      mode tcp
      option tcplog
      tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
      default_backend k8s-master
    
    backend k8s-master
      mode tcp
      option tcplog
      option tcp-check
      balance roundrobin
      default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
      server master01   192.168.10.11:6443  check
      server master02   192.168.10.12:6443  check
      server master03   192.168.10.13:6443  check

[root@master01 ~]# systemctl enable haproxy;systemctl start haproxy
    
    [root@master01 ~]# systemctl status haproxy

![在这里插入图片描述][74db9e5f682e4b8ca648c79d09590802.png]

[root@master01 ~]# scp /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg master02:/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

[root@master02 ~]# systemctl enable haproxy;systemctl start haproxy
    
    [root@master02 ~]# systemctl status haproxy

![在这里插入图片描述][373a53770c3946c892b4947658675d15.png]

### 4.3 Keepalived配置及启动 ###

[root@master01 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
    [root@master01 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
    ! Configuration File for keepalived
    global_defs {
        
        router_id LVS_DEVEL
    script_user root
        enable_script_security
    }
    vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
        
        script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh" #此脚本需要多独定义，并要调用。
        interval 5
        weight -5
        fall 2
    rise 1
    }
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        
        state MASTER
        interface ens33 # 修改为正在使用的网卡
        mcast_src_ip 192.168.10.11 #为本master主机对应的IP地址
        virtual_router_id 51
        priority 101
        advert_int 2
        authentication {
        
            auth_type PASS
            auth_pass abc123
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
        
            192.168.10.100 #为VIP地址
        }
        track_script {
        
           chk_apiserver # 执行上面检查apiserver脚本
        }
    }

[root@master01 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh
    [root@master01 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    
    err=0
    for k in $(seq 1 3)
    do
        check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)
        if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then
            err=$(expr $err + 1)
            sleep 1
            continue
        else
            err=0
            break
        fi
    done
    
    if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then
        echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
        /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
        exit 1
    else
        exit 0
    fi

[root@master01 ~]# chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh

[root@master01 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf master02:/etc/keepalived/
    
    [root@master01 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh master02:/etc/keepalived/

[root@master02 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
    [root@master02 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
    ! Configuration File for keepalived
    global_defs {
        
        router_id LVS_DEVEL
    script_user root
        enable_script_security
    }
    vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
        
        script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh" #此脚本需要多独定义，并要调用。
        interval 5
        weight -5
        fall 2
    rise 1
    }
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        
        state BACKUP
        interface ens33 # 修改为正在使用的网卡
        mcast_src_ip 192.168.10.12 #为本master主机对应的IP地址
        virtual_router_id 51
        priority 99 # 修改为99
        advert_int 2
        authentication {
        
            auth_type PASS
            auth_pass abc123
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
        
            192.168.10.100 #为VIP地址
        }
        track_script {
        
           chk_apiserver # 执行上面检查apiserver脚本
        }
    }

[root@master01 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived;systemctl start keepalived

[root@master02 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived;systemctl start keepalived

### 4.4 验证高可用集群可用性 ###

[root@master01 ~]# ip a s ens33
    2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:50:f9:5f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.10.11/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet 192.168.10.100/32 scope global ens33
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::adf4:a8bc:a1c:a9f7/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::2b33:40ed:9311:8812/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::8508:20d8:7240:32b2/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@master01 ~]# ss -anput | grep ":16443"
    tcp    LISTEN     0      2000   127.0.0.1:16443                 *:*                   users:(("haproxy",pid=2983,fd=6))
    tcp    LISTEN     0      2000      *:16443                 *:*                   users:(("haproxy",pid=2983,fd=5))

[root@master02 ~]# ss -anput | grep ":16443"
    tcp    LISTEN     0      2000   127.0.0.1:16443                 *:*                   users:(("haproxy",pid=2974,fd=6))
    tcp    LISTEN     0      2000      *:16443                 *:*                   users:(("haproxy",pid=2974,fd=5))

## 五、kubernetes 1.21.0 集群部署 ##

### 5.1 集群软件版本说明 ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th></th> 
   <th>kubeadm</th> 
   <th>kubelet</th> 
   <th>kubectl</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>版本</td> 
   <td>1.21.0</td> 
   <td>1.21.0</td> 
   <td>1.21.0</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>安装位置</td> 
   <td>集群所有主机</td> 
   <td>集群所有主机</td> 
   <td>集群所有主机</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>作用</td> 
   <td>初始化集群、管理集群等</td> 
   <td>用于接收api-server指令，对pod生命周期进行管理</td> 
   <td>集群应用命令行管理工具</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 5.2 kubernetes YUM源准备 ###

> 在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录中创建k8s.repo文件，把下面内容复制进去即可。

#### 5.2.1 谷歌YUM源 ####

[kubernetes]
    name=Kubernetes
    baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    repo_gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
            https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

#### 5.2.2 阿里云YUM源 ####

[kubernetes]
    name=Kubernetes
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    repo_gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

### 5.3 集群软件安装 ###

查看指定版本
    # yum list kubeadm.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r
    # yum list kubelet.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r
    # yum list kubectl.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r

安装指定版本
    # yum -y install --setopt=obsoletes=0 kubeadm-1.21.0-0  kubelet-1.21.0-0 kubectl-1.21.0-0

### 5.4 配置kubelet ###

> 为了实现docker使用的cgroupdriver与kubelet使用的cgroup的一致性，建议修改如下文件内容。

# vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
    KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"

设置kubelet为开机自启动即可，由于没有生成配置文件，集群初始化后自动启动
    # systemctl enable kubelet

### 5.5 集群镜像准备 ###

> 可使用VPN实现下载。

# kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version=v1.21.0
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.21.0
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.21.0
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.21.0
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.21.0
    k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.4.1
    k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.13-0
    k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0

# cat image_download.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    images_list='
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.21.0
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.21.0
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.21.0
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.21.0
    k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.4.1
    k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.13-0
    k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0'
    
    for i in $images_list
    do
            docker pull $i
    done
    
    docker save -o k8s-1-21-0.tar $images_list

### 5.6 集群初始化 ###

> 阿里云镜像仓库中的CoreDNS镜像下载有错误。

[root@master01 ~]# vim kubeadm-config.yaml
    [root@master01 ~]# cat kubeadm-config.yaml
    apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
    bootstrapTokens:
    - groups:
      - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
      token: 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury
      ttl: 24h0m0s
      usages:
      - signing
      - authentication
    kind: InitConfiguration
    localAPIEndpoint:
      advertiseAddress: 192.168.10.11
      bindPort: 6443
    nodeRegistration:
      criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
      name: master01
      taints:
      - effect: NoSchedule
        key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
    ---
    apiServer:
      certSANs:
      - 192.168.10.100
      timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
    apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
    certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
    clusterName: kubernetes
    controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.10.100:16443
    controllerManager: {
        }
    dns:
      type: CoreDNS
    etcd:
      local:
        dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
    imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
    kind: ClusterConfiguration
    kubernetesVersion: v1.21.0
    networking:
      dnsDomain: cluster.local
      podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
      serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
    scheduler: {
        }

[root@master01 ~]# vim kubeadm-config.yaml
    [root@master01 ~]# cat kubeadm-config.yaml
    apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
    bootstrapTokens:
    - groups:
      - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
      token: 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury
      ttl: 24h0m0s
      usages:
      - signing
      - authentication
    kind: InitConfiguration
    localAPIEndpoint:
      advertiseAddress: 192.168.10.11
      bindPort: 6443
    nodeRegistration:
      criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
      name: master01
      taints:
      - effect: NoSchedule
        key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
    ---
    apiServer:
      certSANs:
      - 192.168.10.100
      timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
    apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
    certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
    clusterName: kubernetes
    controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.10.100:16443
    controllerManager: {
        }
    dns:
      type: CoreDNS
    etcd:
      local:
        dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
    imageRepository: 
    kind: ClusterConfiguration
    kubernetesVersion: v1.21.0
    networking:
      dnsDomain: cluster.local
      podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
      serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
    scheduler: {
        }

[root@master01 ~]# kubeadm init --config /root/kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs

输出内容，一定保留，便于后继操作使用。
    Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
    
    To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
    
      mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
      sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
      sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
    
    Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
    
      export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
    
    You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
    Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
      https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
    
    You can now join any number of the control-plane node running the following command on each as root:
    
      kubeadm join 192.168.10.100:16443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
            --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:085fc221ad8b5baffdaa567768a10d21eca2fc1f939fe73578ff725feea70ba4 \
            --control-plane --certificate-key 9f74fd2c73a16a79fb9f458cd5874a860564070fd93c3912d910ba2b9c11a2b1
    
    Please note that the certificate-key gives access to cluster sensitive data, keep it secret!
    As a safeguard, uploaded-certs will be deleted in two hours; If necessary, you can use
    "kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs" to reload certs afterward.
    
    Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
    
    kubeadm join 192.168.10.100:16443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
            --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:085fc221ad8b5baffdaa567768a10d21eca2fc1f939fe73578ff725feea70ba4

### 5.7 集群应用客户端管理集群文件准备 ###

[root@master01 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
    [root@master01 ~]# cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
    [root@master01 ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
    [root@master01 ~]# ls /root/.kube/
    config

[root@master01 ~]# export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

### 5.8 集群网络准备 ###

> 使用calico部署集群网络
> 
> 安装参考网址：https://projectcalico.docs.tigera.io/about/about-calico

#### 5.8.1 calico安装 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][661f20a15b564193b45fcd314f6cf1c9.png]

![在这里插入图片描述][1a619c0aaf514864b03709665b46f3dc.png]

![在这里插入图片描述][6f353094109241e79cbd0661d7362346.png]

![在这里插入图片描述][0914f30cf62e4eaf9339253edd19e6c1.png]

下载operator资源清多文件
    # wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml

应用资源清多文件，创建operator
    # kubectl apply -f tigera-operator.yaml

通过自定义资源方式安装
    # wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/custom-resources.yaml

修改文件第13行，修改为使用kubeadm init ----pod-network-cidr对应的IP地址段
    # vim custom-resources.yaml
    ......
     11     ipPools:
     12     - blockSize: 26
     13       cidr: 10.244.0.0/16 
     14       encapsulation: VXLANCrossSubnet
    ......

应用资源清多文件
    # kubectl apply -f custom-resources.yaml

监视calico-sysem命名空间中pod运行情况
    # watch kubectl get pods -n calico-system

> Wait until each pod has the `STATUS` of `Running`.

删除 master 上的 taint
    # kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-

已经全部运行
    # kubectl get pods -n calico-system
    NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    calico-kube-controllers-666bb9949-dzp68   1/1     Running   0          11m
    calico-node-jhcf4                         1/1     Running   4          11m
    calico-typha-68b96d8d9c-7qfq7             1/1     Running   2          11m

查看kube-system命名空间中coredns状态，处于Running状态表明联网成功。
    # kubectl get pods -n kube-system
    NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    coredns-558bd4d5db-4jbdv           1/1     Running   0          113m
    coredns-558bd4d5db-pw5x5           1/1     Running   0          113m
    etcd-master01                      1/1     Running   0          113m
    kube-apiserver-master01            1/1     Running   0          113m
    kube-controller-manager-master01   1/1     Running   4          113m
    kube-proxy-kbx4z                   1/1     Running   0          113m
    kube-scheduler-master01            1/1     Running   3          113m

#### 5.8.2 calico客户端安装 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][f710e2f5f4e34f85b1c9b74499898c22.png]

![在这里插入图片描述][a7912cc30a254174933453d28b952966.png]

下载二进制文件
    # curl -L https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/releases/download/v3.21.4/calicoctl-linux-amd64 -o calicoctl

安装calicoctl
    # mv calicoctl /usr/bin/
    
    为calicoctl添加可执行权限
    # chmod +x /usr/bin/calicoctl
    
    查看添加权限后文件
    # ls /usr/bin/calicoctl
    /usr/bin/calicoctl
    
    查看calicoctl版本
    # calicoctl  version
    Client Version:    v3.21.4
    Git commit:        220d04c94
    Cluster Version:   v3.21.4
    Cluster Type:      typha,kdd,k8s,operator,bgp,kubeadm

通过~/.kube/config连接kubernetes集群，查看已运行节点
    # DATASTORE_TYPE=kubernetes KUBECONFIG=~/.kube/config calicoctl get nodes
    NAME
    master01

### 5.9 集群其它Master节点加入集群 ###

[root@master02 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.10.100:16443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
    >         --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:085fc221ad8b5baffdaa567768a10d21eca2fc1f939fe73578ff725feea70ba4 \
    >         --control-plane --certificate-key 9f74fd2c73a16a79fb9f458cd5874a860564070fd93c3912d910ba2b9c11a2b1

[root@master03 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.10.100:16443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
    >         --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:085fc221ad8b5baffdaa567768a10d21eca2fc1f939fe73578ff725feea70ba4 \
    >         --control-plane --certificate-key 9f74fd2c73a16a79fb9f458cd5874a860564070fd93c3912d910ba2b9c11a2b1

### 5.10 集群工作节点加入集群 ###

> 因容器镜像下载较慢，可能会导致报错，主要错误为没有准备好cni（集群网络插件），如有网络，请耐心等待即可。

[root@worker01 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.10.100:16443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
    >         --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:085fc221ad8b5baffdaa567768a10d21eca2fc1f939fe73578ff725feea70ba4

[root@worker02 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.10.100:16443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
    >         --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:085fc221ad8b5baffdaa567768a10d21eca2fc1f939fe73578ff725feea70ba4

### 5.11 验证集群可用性 ###

查看所有的节点
    [root@master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
    NAME       STATUS   ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
    master01   Ready    control-plane,master   13m     v1.21.0
    master02   Ready    control-plane,master   2m25s   v1.21.0
    master03   Ready    control-plane,master   87s     v1.21.0
    worker01   Ready    <none>                 3m13s   v1.21.0
    worker02   Ready    <none>                 2m50s   v1.21.0

查看集群健康情况,理想状态
    [root@master01 ~]# kubectl get cs
    NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
    controller-manager   Healthy   ok
    scheduler            Healthy   ok
    etcd-0               Healthy   {
        "health":"true"}

真实情况
    # kubectl get cs
    Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
    NAME                 STATUS      MESSAGE                                                                                       ERROR
    scheduler            Unhealthy   Get "http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: connect: connection refused
    controller-manager   Unhealthy   Get "http://127.0.0.1:10252/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10252: connect: connection refused
    etcd-0               Healthy     {
        "health":"true"}

查看kubernetes集群pod运行情况
    [root@master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
    NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    coredns-558bd4d5db-smp62           1/1     Running   0          13m
    coredns-558bd4d5db-zcmp5           1/1     Running   0          13m
    etcd-master01                      1/1     Running   0          14m
    etcd-master02                      1/1     Running   0          3m10s
    etcd-master03                      1/1     Running   0          115s
    kube-apiserver-master01            1/1     Running   0          14m
    kube-apiserver-master02            1/1     Running   0          3m13s
    kube-apiserver-master03            1/1     Running   0          116s
    kube-controller-manager-master01   1/1     Running   1          13m
    kube-controller-manager-master02   1/1     Running   0          3m13s
    kube-controller-manager-master03   1/1     Running   0          116s
    kube-proxy-629zl                   1/1     Running   0          2m17s
    kube-proxy-85qn8                   1/1     Running   0          3m15s
    kube-proxy-fhqzt                   1/1     Running   0          13m
    kube-proxy-jdxbd                   1/1     Running   0          3m40s
    kube-proxy-ks97x                   1/1     Running   0          4m3s
    kube-scheduler-master01            1/1     Running   1          13m
    kube-scheduler-master02            1/1     Running   0          3m13s
    kube-scheduler-master03            1/1     Running   0          115s

再次查看calico-system命名空间中pod运行情况。
    [root@master01 ~]# kubectl get pod -n calico-system
    NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    calico-kube-controllers-666bb9949-4z77k   1/1     Running   0          10m
    calico-node-b5wjv                         1/1     Running   0          10m
    calico-node-d427l                         1/1     Running   0          4m45s
    calico-node-jkq7f                         1/1     Running   0          2m59s
    calico-node-wtjnm                         1/1     Running   0          4m22s
    calico-node-xxh2p                         1/1     Running   0          3m57s
    calico-typha-7cd9d6445b-5zcg5             1/1     Running   0          2m54s
    calico-typha-7cd9d6445b-b5d4j             1/1     Running   0          10m
    calico-typha-7cd9d6445b-z44kp             1/1     Running   1          4m17s

在master节点上操作，查看网络节点是否添加
    [root@master01 ~]# DATASTORE_TYPE=kubernetes KUBECONFIG=~/.kube/config calicoctl get nodes
    NAME
    master01
    master02
    master03
    worker01
    worker02

[66cbe38bf770498da485826718c980c4.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/47808cb66b8c483780e1a45180bf5fea.png
[74db9e5f682e4b8ca648c79d09590802.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/2dabd50f46e44d0ea0d5bd706a104de9.png
[373a53770c3946c892b4947658675d15.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/6fbcda09f6424121b17d8309e820cc62.png
[661f20a15b564193b45fcd314f6cf1c9.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/9f837d6856f24aeab99267e84ab0b1c2.png
[1a619c0aaf514864b03709665b46f3dc.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/6b5028ef5e33419782c03f1fc2b690f7.png
[6f353094109241e79cbd0661d7362346.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/b355dbe8d7474e83944d1f32160362e4.png
[0914f30cf62e4eaf9339253edd19e6c1.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/1c9e39329da5490c8a8a29f703a736d3.png
[f710e2f5f4e34f85b1c9b74499898c22.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/48af2d64cef74297bb30f89332293c35.png
[a7912cc30a254174933453d28b952966.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/03bcd74a78bf4631bb2333078dc01ed1.png