热力学统计物理知识总结

短命女 2024-02-18 13:34 68阅读 0赞

1、热运动：人们把组成宏观物质的大量微观粒子的无规则运动称为热运动。

热力学和统计物理的任务：研究热运动的规律、与热运动有关的物性及宏观物质系统的演化。

热力学方法的特点：

热力学是热运动的宏观理论。通过对热现象的观测、实验和分析，总结出热现象的基本规律。这些实验规律是无数经验的总结，适用于一切宏观系统。热力学的结论和所依据的定律一样，具有普遍性和可靠性。然而热力学也有明确的局限性，主要表现在，它不能揭示热力学基本规律及其结论的微观本质和不能解释涨落现象。

统计物理方法的特点：

统计物理学是热运动的微观理论。统计物理从物质的微观结构和粒子所遵从的力学规律出发，运用概率统计的方法

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