MySQL 安装手册（5.7.20）

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2024-02-18 17:37 55阅读 0赞

## MySQL 安装手册（5.7.20） ##

### 0. 安装摘要 ###

1.  清除 Linux 环境自身 MYSQL 或者 MariaDB 等；
2.  下载 MYSQL RPM包；
3.  安装、配置、启动；
4.  修改 root 密码；
5.  创建数据库、用户和授权等；

### 1. 清除 Linux 环境自身 MYSQL 或者 MariaDB ###

检测系统是否自带安装 mysql:

如果你系统有安装，那可以选择进行卸载:

-- 普通删除模式
    rpm -e mysql　　
    -- 强制删除模式（不考虑依赖关系）
    rpm -e --nodeps mysql

### 2. 下载 ###

本次安装版本为：mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86\_64.rpm-bundle.tar

*  方式一：Download MySQL Community Server 官方页面自行下载
    
     *  [https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/][https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql]
 *  方式二：wget 或下载工具下载
    
     *  [cdn.mysql.com][]
     *  `https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar`

解压：

[root@cdhslave5 mysql]# tar xvf  mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

解压后当前目录包含：

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  472381440 Jan 10 09:23 mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
    -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  23814860 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415    336476 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   3748072 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  39278972 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 136172856 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   2177676 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415   1723320 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 159637208 Sep 14 23:45 mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
    -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 105476736 Sep 14 23:45 mysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

另附 yum 方式安装

yum install mysql
    yum install mysql-server
    yum install mysql-devel

### 3. 安装、配置、启动 ###

#### 3.1 安装 ####

-- 需使用root权限安装
    
    # rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
    
    # rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
    
    -- 默认将安装在 /var/lib/mysql 目录
    -- 默认mysqld 日志将在 /var/log/mysqld.log

#### 3.2 配置 ####

-- 备份配置文件
    # cp /etc/my.cnf  /etc/my.cnf.bak
    
    -- 修改配置文件
    # vim /etc/my.cnf
    
    -- 增加以下配置
    [client]
    port = 3306
    socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
    
    [mysqld]
    character_set_server=utf8
    init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
    lower_case_table_names = 1
    sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
    max_connections=5000
    default-time_zone = '+8:00'

完整示例见附录一：my.cnf 完整示例。

#### 3.3 启动 ####

-- 1. 启动服务
    # service mysqld start
    
    -- 2. 设置开机自启动
    # chkconfig --list | grep mysqld
    mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
    
    -- 如果列表中没有mysqld，先添加，在设置开启自启动：
    chkconfig add mysqld
    chkconfig mysqld on
    -- 检测列表，如果对应mysqld对应6项中有3项是on则可认为设置成功
    
    -- 其他支持的操作
    # service mysqld start/stop/status

如果报`/tmp/mysql.sock`相关错，关闭服务后尝试建立一下软连接：

ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock

### 4. 修改 root 密码 ###

MySQL 5.7.20 版本启动后会自动生成root的临时密码，需要立即修改。

密码生成在 /var/log/mysqld.log 文件中。

#### 4.1 获取 root 临时密码 ####

# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
    2018-01-10T01:32:00.763478Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: rP/,Fox)h9pn

#### 4.2 修改 root 密码 ####

#### 5. 创建数据库、用户和授权等 ####

#### 5.1 创建数据库 ####

-- UTF8
    CREATE DATABASE `test2` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
    
    -- GBK
    CREATE DATABASE test2 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;

示例：

CREATE DATABASE sentry DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
    CREATE DATABASE hive DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
    CREATE DATABASE rcr_dev DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
    CREATE DATABASE rcr_test DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
    CREATE DATABASE rcr_demo DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

#### 5.2 创建用户 ####

CREATE USER 'username'@'host' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

如果让该用户可以从任意远程主机登录,可以使用通配符`%`. 另密码可以为空。

示例：

CREATE USER 'dog'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; 
    CREATE USER 'pig'@'192.168.1.101_' IDENDIFIED BY '123456'; 
    CREATE USER 'pig'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; 
    CREATE USER 'pig'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY ''; 
    CREATE USER 'pig'@'%'; 
    CREATE USER 'sentry'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password';
    CREATE USER 'hive'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password';
    CREATE USER 'rcr'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password';

\*\* 注意禁止使用root做应用连接\*\*

#### 5.3 授权 ####

GRANT ALL ON sentry.* TO 'sentry'@'%';
    GRANT ALL ON hive.* TO 'sentry'@'%';
    GRANT ALL ON sentry.* TO 'rcr'@'%';
    GRANT ALL ON hive.* TO 'rcr'@'%';
    GRANT ALL ON rcr_dev.* TO 'rcr'@'%';
    GRANT ALL ON rcr_test.* TO 'rcr'@'%';
    GRANT ALL ON rcr_demo.* TO 'rcr'@'%';
    
    FLUSH PRIVILEGES

### 附录一：my.cnf 完整示例 ###

[root@cdhslave5 futeng]# cat /etc/my.cnf
    # For advice on how to change settings please see
    # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
    [client]
    port = 3306
    socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
    
    [mysqld]
    
    
    
    
    # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
    # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
    # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
    #
    # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
    # changes to the binary log between backups.
    # log_bin
    #
    # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
    # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
    # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
    # join_buffer_size = 128M
    # sort_buffer_size = 2M
    # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
    datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    
    character_set_server=utf8
    init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
    lower_case_table_names = 1
    sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
    max_connections=5000
    default-time_zone = '+8:00'
    
    # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
    symbolic-links=0
    
    log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
    pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql]: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
[cdn.mysql.com]: https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar