SpringMVC拦截器源码解析

太过爱你忘了你带给我的痛 2024-02-18 21:29 97阅读 0赞

前言：提到拦截器，我们一定会想到Spring Aop。在看SpringMVC源码以前，一直以为SpringMVC的拦截器是用Spring Aop的动态代理来实现，并且也很困惑，如果用动态代理如何实现拦截器？这里就不介绍Spring Aop实现拦截器的方式，剖析SpringMVC 拦截器实现的细节。

SpringMVC拦截器也是Aop(面向切面)思想构建，但不是SpringAop动态代理实现的，主要采用责任链和适配器的设计模式来实现，直接嵌入到SpringMVC入口代码里面。

涉及到设计模式，有利于对代码的理解

责任链模式：[https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000012079496][https_segmentfault.com_a_1190000012079496]

适配器模式：[https://www.cnblogs.com/V1haoge/p/6479118.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_V1haoge_p_6479118.html]

**一、拦截器的接口类结构**

![e3f1d833ccf1102994af958111616c28755.jpg][]

拦截器的顶级接口为HandleInterceptor，提供三个接口，分别是preHandle（请求前）、postHandle（请求提交）、afterCompletion（请求完成后拦截）

package org.springframework.web.servlet;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
    /**
    *  拦截器顶级接口
    */
    public interface HandlerInterceptor {
    
        //请求前拦截
    	boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
    			throws Exception;
    
        //提交请求拦截
    	void postHandle(
    			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)
    			throws Exception;
        //请求完成后拦截
    	void afterCompletion(
    			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
    			throws Exception;
    
    }

而我们通常使用的是HandlerInterceptorAdapter（拦截器适配器），运用接口适配器模式。在实际运用中，接口中可以定义了很多方法，子类可能实现几个方法，接口适配器模式就起到了作用。

package org.springframework.web.servlet.handler;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.AsyncHandlerInterceptor;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    
    public abstract class HandlerInterceptorAdapter implements AsyncHandlerInterceptor {
    	@Override
    	public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
    			throws Exception {
    		return true;
    	}
    	@Override
    	public void postHandle(
    			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)
    			throws Exception {
    	}
    	@Override
    	public void afterCompletion(
    			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
    			throws Exception {
    	}
    	/**
    	 * This implementation is empty.
         * 来自实现AsyncHandlerInterceptor 的方法
    	 */
    	@Override
    	public void afterConcurrentHandlingStarted(
    			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
    			throws Exception {
    	}
    
    }

**二、拦截器源码运行的调用流程**

1. HandlerMapping初始化

了解到SpringMVC拦截器接口HandlerInterceptorAdapter，我们再进入SpringMVC请求入口org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet，拦截器运作工作流程由此展开。DispatcherServlet作为控制中心，拦截器就嵌入在入口方法中doDispatch中。SpringMVC又是如何将定义的拦截器加入进去呢？

/**
    	 * 完成Servlet一系列初始化工作，包括视图解析器、处理器映射器、处理器适配器、主题解析器...
    	 */
    	protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
    		initMultipartResolver(context);
    		initLocaleResolver(context);
    		initThemeResolver(context);
            // 初始化RequestMapping，拦截器是作用在RequestMapping
    		initHandlerMappings(context);
    		initHandlerAdapters(context);
    		initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
    		initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
    		initViewResolvers(context);
    		initFlashMapManager(context);
    	}

初始化RequestMapping的时候，获取到RequestMapping的集合，因为拦截器作用在单个RequestMapping，来实现拦截器链。这里就不详细介绍RequestMapping的获取。

2. DispatcherServlet执行调用，doService作为Servlet主要执行者，通过调用doDispatch来真正执行请求处理

在initStrategies(ApplicationContext context)完成初始化准备工作后，来正式进入DispatcherServlet请求进入的处理过程。DispatcherServlet基于Servlet开发，它的执行方式是 doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

/**
        *  doService做了一部分请求准备预处理的工作， 而实际处理的工作调用doDispatch(request, response)
        */
    	@Override
    	protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
    			String resumed = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).hasConcurrentResult() ? " resumed" : "";
    			logger.debug("DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'" + resumed +
    					" processing " + request.getMethod() + " request for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "]");
    		}
    
    		// 对请求属性快照的保持和存储后的使用,
    		Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
    		if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
    			attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    			Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
    			while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
    				String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
    				if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) {
    					attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
    				}
    			}
    		}
    
    		//对SpringMVC框架中处理器Handle和视图渲染，提前做准备工作
    		request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
    		request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
    		request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
    		request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());
            // FlashMap是对重定向的参数传递的处理
    		FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
    		if (inputFlashMap != null) {
    			request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
    		}
    		request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
    		request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);
    
    		try {
               //***请求的实际处理逻辑***-----进入方法
    			doDispatch(request, response);
    		}
    		finally {
    			if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
    				// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
    				if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
    					restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
    				}
    			}
    		}
    	}

3. doDispatch中完成拦截器的添加和拦截器拦截处理

doService做了一部分请求准备预处理的工作，包括请求中设置处理器和视图的属性，作用于后续处理器的运作和视图渲染， 而实际请求逻辑处理的工作调用doDispatch(request, response)，也是我们需要重点跟进的代码。或许大家初次看doDispatch方法中的代码，还不知道拦截器在哪里运作。

处理流程是：

1.  通过getHandler(HttpServletRequest request)获取到HandlerExecutionChain处理器执行链，将拦截器注入到HandlerExecutionChain属性
2.  分别调用HandlerExecutionChain的三个方法，applyPreHandle、applyPostHandle、triggerAfterCompletion，实现前置拦截/请求提交拦截和请求完成后拦截。使用责任链的设计模式，实际调用的是HandleInterceptor的三个接口，分别对应preHandle、postHandle、afterCompletion

protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    		HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
    		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
    		boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
    
    		WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
    		try {
    			ModelAndView mv = null;
    			Exception dispatchException = null;
    			try {
    				processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
    				multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
    				//***获取到请求执行链，拦截器的添加在里面完成***---进入方法
    				mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
    				if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
    					noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
    					return;
    				}
    				// 获取到相应处理器适配器
    				HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
    
    				// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
    				String method = request.getMethod();
    				boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
    				if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
    					long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
    					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
    						logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "] is: " + lastModified);
    					}
    					if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
    						return;
    					}
    				}
                    //1.请求前拦截处理---进入方法细看（责任链模式，调用拦截器链的执行）
    				if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
    					return;
    				}
    				// Actually invoke the handler.
    				mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
    
    				if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
    					return;
    				}
    
    				applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
                    //2.请求提交的拦截处理---进入方法细看（责任链模式，调用拦截器链的执行）
    				mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
    			}
    			catch (Exception ex) {
    				dispatchException = ex;
    			}
    			catch (Throwable err) {
    				// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
    				// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
    				dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
    			}
                // 3.请求结果视图渲染完成后，调用mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion（），实现请求完成后拦截
    			processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
    		}
    		catch (Exception ex) {
    			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
    		}
    		catch (Throwable err) {
    			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
    					new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
    		}
    		finally {
    			if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
    				// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
    				if (mappedHandler != null) {
    					mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
    				}
    			}
    			else {
    				// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
    				if (multipartRequestParsed) {
    					cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
    				}
    			}
    		}
    	}

**三、结合责任链设计在拦截器中的运用**

责任链模式的定义：使多个对象都有机会处理请求，从而避免请求的发送者和接受者之间的耦合关系， 将这个对象连成一条链，并沿着这条链传递该请求，直到有一个对象处理他为止。

分析 1、如何将拦截器添加到HandlerExecutionChain中

首先遍历HandlerMappings集合，HandlerMappings是在initHandlerMappings(context)初始化得到。根据request查找到相应 HandlerMapping的HandlerExecutionChain。

protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
            //遍历处理器映射器集合，找到相应请求的处理器映射器
    		for (HandlerMapping hm : this.handlerMappings) {
    			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    				logger.trace(
    						"Testing handler map [" + hm + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
    			}
                //***请求匹配到映射器，并返回HandlerExecutionChain***---进入方法细看
                //----拦截器的添加在方法里面完成
    			HandlerExecutionChain handler = hm.getHandler(request);
    			if (handler != null) {
    				return handler;
    			}
    		}
    		return null;
    	}

@Override
    	public final HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
    		Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request);
    		if (handler == null) {
    			handler = getDefaultHandler();
    		}
    		if (handler == null) {
    			return null;
    		}
    		// Bean name or resolved handler?
    		if (handler instanceof String) {
    			String handlerName = (String) handler;
    			handler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
    		}
            //***获取HandlerExecutionChain，拦截器的添加 ***---进一步跟进代码
    		HandlerExecutionChain executionChain = getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request);
    		if (CorsUtils.isCorsRequest(request)) {
    			CorsConfiguration globalConfig = this.globalCorsConfigSource.getCorsConfiguration(request);
    			CorsConfiguration handlerConfig = getCorsConfiguration(handler, request);
    			CorsConfiguration config = (globalConfig != null ? globalConfig.combine(handlerConfig) : handlerConfig);
    			executionChain = getCorsHandlerExecutionChain(request, executionChain, config);
    		}
    		return executionChain;
    	}

/**
     * 走到这里，才真正看到了HandlerExecutionChain的创建和拦截器的添加
     */
    protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandlerExecutionChain(Object handler, HttpServletRequest request) {
            //获取到HandlerExecutionChain 
    		HandlerExecutionChain chain = (handler instanceof HandlerExecutionChain ?
    				(HandlerExecutionChain) handler : new HandlerExecutionChain(handler));
    
    		String lookupPath = this.urlPathHelper.getLookupPathForRequest(request);
            //遍历拦截器，adaptedInterceptors也是在initHandlerMapping初始化得到
    		for (HandlerInterceptor interceptor : this.adaptedInterceptors) {
    			if (interceptor instanceof MappedInterceptor) {
    				MappedInterceptor mappedInterceptor = (MappedInterceptor) interceptor;
    				if (mappedInterceptor.matches(lookupPath, this.pathMatcher)) {
                        //将拦截器添加
    					chain.addInterceptor(mappedInterceptor.getInterceptor());
    				}
    			}
    			else {
    				chain.addInterceptor(interceptor);
    			}
    		}
    		return chain;
    	}

分析2、如何执行多个拦截器，通过责任链模式

boolean applyPreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    		HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
    		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
    			for (int i = 0; i < interceptors.length; i++) {
    				HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
    				if (!interceptor.preHandle(request, response, this.handler)) {
    					triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
    					return false;
    				}
    				this.interceptorIndex = i;
    			}
    		}
    		return true;
    	}

/**
    	 * Apply postHandle methods of registered interceptors.
    	 */
    	void applyPostHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ModelAndView mv) throws Exception {
    		HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
    		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
    			for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    				HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
    				interceptor.postHandle(request, response, this.handler, mv);
    			}
    		}
    	}

/**
    	 * Trigger afterCompletion callbacks on the mapped HandlerInterceptors.
    	 * Will just invoke afterCompletion for all interceptors whose preHandle invocation
    	 * has successfully completed and returned true.
    	 */
    	void triggerAfterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Exception ex)
    			throws Exception {
    
    		HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
    		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
    			for (int i = this.interceptorIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
    				HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
    				try {
    					interceptor.afterCompletion(request, response, this.handler, ex);
    				}
    				catch (Throwable ex2) {
    					logger.error("HandlerInterceptor.afterCompletion threw exception", ex2);
    				}
    			}
    		}
    	}

[https_segmentfault.com_a_1190000012079496]: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000012079496
[https_www.cnblogs.com_V1haoge_p_6479118.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/V1haoge/p/6479118.html
[e3f1d833ccf1102994af958111616c28755.jpg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/01/29/6b229f63ddf94d27b5e15f5803e86ab2.png