【HIVE 之 DDL，DML】

落日映苍穹つ 2024-02-19 13:38 47阅读 0赞

每个人都有每个人的生活方式。每个人都有每个人要走的路，每条路不一定适合每个人，这就像每个人穿内裤一样，不在乎外表多么花俏，最重要的是适合自己，人生的十字路口又很多，选择了，就义无反顾的走下去，不要回头，因为回头你得不到你想要的答案！  
————————————————前言:送给为了自己目标努力的你！  
开始今天的学习  
DDL: Data Definition Language  
create delete drop alter关键字开头的

Database  
HDFS上的一个文件夹  
默认自带一个default数据库  
默认数据库存放位置：/user/hive/warehouse  
位置是由参数决定的：hive.metastore.warehouse.dir  
Hive所有参数的查询：[https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Configuration+Properties][https_cwiki.apache.org_confluence_display_Hive_Configuration_Properties]  
在Hive里面查看指定配置参数的语法：  
set key;  
你要设置参数： set key=value;

CREATE (DATABASE|SCHEMA) \[IF NOT EXISTS\] database\_name  
\[COMMENT database\_comment\]  
\[LOCATION hdfs\_path\]  
\[WITH DBPROPERTIES (property\_name=property\_value, …)\];

CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS d5\_hive;  
非default的存放路径：$\{hive.metastore.warehouse.dir\}/dbname.db

CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS d5\_hive\_2  
COMMENT ‘this is ruozedata d5’  
WITH DBPROPERTIES (‘creator’=‘ruoze’, ‘date’=‘20181020’);

ALTER (DATABASE|SCHEMA) database\_name SET DBPROPERTIES (property\_name=property\_value, …); – (Note: SCHEMA added in Hive 0.14.0)

ALTER (DATABASE|SCHEMA) database\_name SET OWNER \[USER|ROLE\] user\_or\_role; – (Note: Hive 0.13.0 and later; SCHEMA added in Hive 0.14.0)

ALTER (DATABASE|SCHEMA) database\_name SET LOCATION hdfs\_path; – (Note: Hive 2.2.1, 2.4.0 and later)

DROP (DATABASE|SCHEMA) \[IF EXISTS\] database\_name \[RESTRICT|CASCADE\];

cascade: hibernate/jpa  
1对多的时候，你删除1的一端是否删除多的一端

create table xx(id int);

数值类型：int bigint float double  
字符串： string <= date time  
20181020

t:date time - string
    
    where flag=true  0

Hive构建在Hadoop之上  
hive创建表，然后数据是存储在HDFS之上  
文件：zhangsan,20,m,beijing  
表： name age gender location

所以创建表的时候要指定分隔符（默认分隔符是\\001 ^A)  
空格、制表符(\\t)

CREATE TABLE ruoze\_emp (  
empno int,  
ename string,  
job string,  
mgr int,  
hiredate string,  
sal double,  
comm double,  
deptno int  
)  
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘\\t’  
;

load data local inpath ‘/home/hadoop/data/emp.txt’ overwrite into table ruoze\_emp;

$$$$$

row\_format

DELIMITED \[FIELDS TERMINATED BY char \[ESCAPED BY char\]\] \[COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY char\]  
\[MAP KEYS TERMINATED BY char\] \[LINES TERMINATED BY char\]  
\[NULL DEFINED AS char\] – (Note: Available in Hive 0.13 and later)  
| SERDE serde\_name \[WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (property\_name=property\_value, property\_name=property\_value, …)\]

desc xxx  
desc formatted ruoze\_emp;

内部表和外部表  
MANAGED\_TABLE

create table ruoze\_emp\_managed as select \* from ruoze\_emp;  
创建了一张内部表：HDFS MySQL 都有数据  
删除表

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ruoze\_emp\_external (  
empno int,  
ename string,  
job string,  
mgr int,  
hiredate string,  
sal double,  
comm double,  
deptno int  
)ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘\\t’  
LOCATION ‘/ruoze\_emp\_external’  
;

DML : Data Manipulation Language

LOAD DATA \[LOCAL\] INPATH ‘filepath’ \[OVERWRITE\] INTO TABLE tablename \[PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 …)\]

create table ruoze\_dept(  
deptno int,  
dname string,  
loc string  
)ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘\\t’;

LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH ‘/home/hadoop/data/dept.txt’ INTO TABLE ruoze\_dept;

LOAD DATA INPATH ‘/data/dept.txt’ INTO TABLE ruoze\_dept;

Standard syntax:  
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename1 \[PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 …) \[IF NOT EXISTS\]\] select\_statement1 FROM from\_statement;  
INSERT INTO TABLE tablename1 \[PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 …)\] select\_statement1 FROM from\_statement;

INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE ruoze\_emp\_test select empno,ename from ruoze\_emp;

INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE ruoze\_emp\_test  
select empno,job,ename,mgr,hiredate,sal,comm,deptno from ruoze\_emp;

INSERT OVERWRITE LOCAL DIRECTORY ‘/tmp/ruoze’  
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘\\t’  
SELECT empno,ename FROM ruoze\_emp;  
操作  
\[root@hadoop001 ~\]\# su - hadoop  
Last login: Mon Nov 19 23:26:37 CST 2018 on pts/1  
\-bash: /home/hadoop/.bash\_profile: line 14: syntax error near unexpected token `newline' -bash: /home/hadoop/.bash_profile: line 14:`’  
\[hadoop@hadoop001 ~\]$ cd app  
\[hadoop@hadoop001 app\]$ ll  
total 417656  
drwxr-xr-x 16 hadoop hadoop 4096 Nov 19 09:02 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.7.0  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 311585484 Apr 1 2016 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.7.0.tar.gz  
drwxr-xr-x 10 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 hive-1.1.0-cdh5.7.0  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 116082695 Apr 1 2016 hive-1.1.0-cdh5.7.0.tar.gz  
\[hadoop@hadoop001 app\]$ cd hive-1.1.0-cdh5.7.0  
\[hadoop@hadoop001 hive-1.1.0-cdh5.7.0\]$ ll  
total 440  
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 bin  
drwxr-xr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Nov 19 23:22 conf  
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 data  
drwxr-xr-x 6 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 docs  
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 examples  
drwxr-xr-x 7 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 hcatalog  
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 12288 Nov 19 20:45 lib  
\-rw-r–r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 23169 Mar 24 2016 LICENSE  
\-rw-r–r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 397 Mar 24 2016 NOTICE  
\-rw-r–r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 4048 Mar 24 2016 README.txt  
\-rw-r–r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 376416 Mar 24 2016 RELEASE\_NOTES.txt  
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Mar 24 2016 scripts  
\[hadoop@hadoop001 hive-1.1.0-cdh5.7.0\]$ cd conf  
\[hadoop@hadoop001 conf\]$ hive  
which: no hbase in (/home/hadoop/app/hive-1.1.0-cdh5.7.0/bin:/home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.7.0/bin:/usr/java/jdk1.7.0\_80/bin:/usr/java/jdk1.7.0\_80/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin)

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/home/hadoop/app/hive-1.1.0-cdh5.7.0/lib/hive-common-1.1.0-cdh5.7.0.jar!/hive-log4j.properties  
WARNING: Hive CLI is deprecated and migration to Beeline is recommended.  
hive (default)> show databases;  
OK  
default  
Time taken: 1.219 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)  
hive (default)>  
> CREATE DATABASE d5\_hive;  
OK  
Time taken: 0.588 seconds  
hive (default)> show databases;  
OK  
d5\_hive  
default  
Time taken: 0.095 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)  
hive (default)> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS d5\_hive\_2  
> COMMENT ‘this is ruozedata d5’  
> WITH DBPROPERTIES (‘creator’=‘ruoze’, ‘date’=‘20181020’);  
OK  
Time taken: 0.192 seconds  
hive (default)> show databases;  
OK  
d5\_hive  
d5\_hive\_2  
default  
Time taken: 0.067 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)  
hive (default)> desc database d5\_hive\_2  
> desc database d5\_hive\_2;  
FAILED: ParseException line 2:0 missing EOF at ‘desc’ near ‘d5\_hive\_2’  
hive (default)> desc database d5\_hive\_2;  
OK  
d5\_hive\_2 this is ruozedata d5 hdfs://hadoop001:9000/user/hive/warehouse/d5\_hive\_2.db hadoop USER  
Time taken: 0.072 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)  
hive (default)> use d5\_hive;  
OK  
Time taken: 0.029 seconds  
hive (d5\_hive)> show databases;  
OK  
d5\_hive  
d5\_hive\_2  
default  
Time taken: 0.047 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)  
hive (d5\_hive)> create table x(id int)  
> ;  
OK  
Time taken: 0.446 seconds  
hive (d5\_hive)> show databases;  
OK  
d5\_hive  
d5\_hive\_2  
default  
Time taken: 0.055 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)  
hive (d5\_hive)> drop database d5\_hive\_2;  
OK  
Time taken: 1.301 seconds  
hive (d5\_hive)> show databases;  
OK  
d5\_hive  
default  
Time taken: 0.071 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)  
hive (d5\_hive)> drop database d5\_hive  
> ;  
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask. InvalidOperationException(message:Database d5\_hive is not empty. One or more tables exist.)  
hive (d5\_hive)> drop database d5\_hive cascade;  
OK  
Time taken: 7.571 seconds  
hive (d5\_hive)> show databases;  
OK  
default  
Time taken: 0.091 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)  
hive (d5\_hive)> use default;  
OK  
Time taken: 0.047 seconds  
hive (default)> CREATE TABLE ruoze\_emp (  
> empno int,  
> ename string,  
> job string,  
> mgr int,  
> hiredate string,  
> sal double,  
> comm double,  
> deptno int  
> )  
> ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘\\t’  
> ;  
OK  
Time taken: 0.349 seconds  
hive (default)> show databases;  
OK  
default  
Time taken: 0.127 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)  
hive (default)> show tables;  
OK  
ruoze\_emp  
Time taken: 0.08 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)  
hive (default)> select \* from ruoze\_emp;  
OK  
Time taken: 0.645 seconds  
hive (default)> load data local inpath ‘/home/hadoop/data/emp.txt’ overwrite into table ruoze\_emp;  
Loading data to table default.ruoze\_emp  
Table default.ruoze\_emp stats: \[numFiles=1, numRows=0, totalSize=700, rawDataSize=0\]  
OK  
Time taken: 1.598 seconds  
hive (default)> select \* from ruoze\_emp;  
OK  
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 800.0 NULL 20  
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-2-20 1600.0 300.0 30  
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-2-22 1250.0 500.0 30  
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-4-2 2975.0 NULL 20  
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-9-28 1250.0 1400.0 30  
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-5-1 2850.0 NULL 30  
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-6-9 2450.0 NULL 10  
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-4-19 3000.0 NULL 20  
7839 KING PRESIDENT NULL 1981-11-17 5000.0 NULL 10  
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-9-8 1500.0 0.0 30  
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-5-23 1100.0 NULL 20  
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-3 950.0 NULL 30  
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-3 3000.0 NULL 20  
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-1-23 1300.0 NULL 10  
8888 HIVE PROGRAM 7839 1988-1-23 10300.0 NULL NULL  
Time taken: 0.196 seconds, Fetched: 15 row(s)  
hive (default)>  
hive (default)> show tables;  
OK  
ruoze\_emp  
ruoze\_emp2  
ruoze\_emp3  
ruoze\_emp\_managed  
Time taken: 0.02 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)  
hive (default)> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ruoze\_emp\_external (  
> empno int,  
> ename string,  
> job string,  
> mgr int,  
> hiredate string,  
> sal double,  
> comm double,  
> deptno int  
> )ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘\\t’  
> LOCATION ‘/ruoze\_emp\_external’  
> ;  
OK  
hive (default)>  
>  
> create table ruoze\_dept(  
> deptno int,  
> dname string,  
> loc string  
> )ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘\\t’;  
OK  
Time taken: 0.342 seconds  
hive (default)>  
> select \* from ruoze\_dept;  
OK  
Time taken: 0.32 seconds  
hive (default)> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH ‘/home/hadoop/data/dept.txt’ INTO TABLE ruoze\_dept;  
Loading data to table default.ruoze\_dept  
Table default.ruoze\_dept stats: \[numFiles=1, totalSize=79\]  
OK  
Time taken: 0.735 second  
hive (default)> select \* from ruoze\_dept;  
OK  
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK  
20 RESEARCH DALLAS  
30 SALES CHICAGO  
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON  
Time taken: 0.208 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)  
hive (default)>  
结束语：每一次含苞的绽放，都需要经过漫长的等待，每一次绽放的开始，都要尽展其光芒，不怕前方的路有多长，就怕你心中没有光芒，相信自己，出发吧，少年！  
—————————————————送给在路上奔跑的你！

[https_cwiki.apache.org_confluence_display_Hive_Configuration_Properties]: https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Configuration+Properties