ElasticSearch6.x 之映射参数

ゝ一世哀愁。 2024-02-19 21:13 109阅读 0赞

本文转载至[https://blog.csdn.net/chengyuqiang/article/details/79059958][https_blog.csdn.net_chengyuqiang_article_details_79059958]

**映射参数概述：**

ElasticSearch提供了丰富的映射参数。

官网地址：[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/6.3/mapping-params.html][https_www.elastic.co_guide_en_elasticsearch_reference_6.3_mapping-params.html]

1、analyzer

指定分词器，对应索引和查询都有效。如下：IK分词配置

第一步：定义索引并定义映射

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

第二步：向指定索引填充数据

Post http://192.168.1.74:9200/my_index/it/1
    {
       "name" : "中国是个幸福美丽的国度"
    }
    
    Post http://192.168.1.74:9200/my_index/it/2
    {
       "name" : "广东省的省会城市是羊城(广州)"
    }
    
    Post http://192.168.1.74:9200/my_index/it/3
    {
       "name" : "中国最南的岛屿叫曾母暗沙"
    }

第三步：查询

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

2、normalizer

elasticsearch标准化配置属性，如下：所有字符转换为小写。

第一步：定义索引，并设置elasticsearch 分析标准。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

参数内容：

{
    "settings": {
        "analysis": {
          "normalizer":{
            "my_normalizer":{
              "type":"custom",
              "char_filter" : [],
              "filter" : ["lowercase", "asciifolding"]
            }
          }
        }
      },
      "mappings": {
        "it" : {
          "properties" : {
            "name" : {
              "type": "keyword",
              "normalizer": "my_normalizer"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

第二步：插入数据：

Post http://192.168.1.74:9200/my_index/it/1
    {
       "name" : "bar"
    }
    
    Post http://192.168.1.74:9200/my_index/it/2
    {
       "name" : "BAR"
    }
    
    Post http://192.168.1.74:9200/my_index/it/3
    {
       "name" : "BaR"
    }

第三步：查询数据：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

3、boost

通过指定一个boost值来控制每个查询子句的相对权重，该值默认为1。一个大于1的boost会增加该查询子句的相对权重。

第一步：定义索引，设置权重比值

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

第二步：填充数据

Post http://192.168.1.74:9200/my_index/it/1
    {
       "title" : "client me"
    }
    
    Post http://192.168.1.74:9200/my_index/it/2
    {
       "title" : "follow"
    }

第三步：查询数据

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

4、coerce

coerce属性用于清除脏数据，coerce的默认值是true。整型数字5有可能会被写成字符串“5”或者浮点数5.0.coerce属性可以用来清除脏数据：

1.  字符串会被强制转换为整数
2.  浮点数被强制转换为整数

【例子】  
（1）重新创建my\_index

DELETE my_index
    
    PUT my_index
    {
      "mappings": {
        "my_type": {
          "properties": {
            "number_one": {
              "type": "integer"
            },
            "number_two": {
              "type": "integer",
              "coerce": false
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

（2）写入一条测试文档

PUT my_index/my_type/1
    {
      "number_one": "10" 
    }

{
      "_index": "my_index",
      "_type": "my_type",
      "_id": "1",
      "_version": 1,
      "result": "created",
      "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "_seq_no": 0,
      "_primary_term": 1
    }

（3）写入另一条测试文档

PUT my_index/my_type/2
    {
      "number_two": "10" 
    }

{
      "error": {
        "root_cause": [
          {
            "type": "mapper_parsing_exception",
            "reason": "failed to parse [number_two]"
          }
        ],
        "type": "mapper_parsing_exception",
        "reason": "failed to parse [number_two]",
        "caused_by": {
          "type": "illegal_argument_exception",
          "reason": "Integer value passed as String"
        }
      },
      "status": 400
    }

5、copy-to

copy\_to属性用于配置自定义的\_all字段。换言之，就是多个字段可以合并成一个超级字段。比如，first\_name和last\_name可以合并为full\_name字段。  
【例子】  
（1）

DELETE my_index
    
    PUT my_index
    {
      "mappings": {
        "my_type": {
          "properties": {
            "first_name": {
              "type": "text",
              "copy_to": "full_name" 
            },
            "last_name": {
              "type": "text",
              "copy_to": "full_name" 
            },
            "full_name": {
              "type": "text"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    
    PUT my_index/my_type/1
    {
      "first_name": "John",
      "last_name": "Smith"
    }

（2）查询

GET my_index/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match": {
          "full_name": { 
            "query": "John Smith",
            "operator": "and"
          }
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 22,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 0.5753642,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "my_index",
            "_type": "my_type",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 0.5753642,
            "_source": {
              "first_name": "John",
              "last_name": "Smith"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

6、doc\_values

doc\_values是为了加快排序、聚合操作，在建立倒排索引的时候，额外增加一个列式存储映射，是一个空间换时间的做法。默认是开启的，对于确定不需要聚合或者排序的字段可以关闭。

PUT my_index
    {
      "mappings": {
        "my_type": {
          "properties": {
            "status_code": { 
              "type":       "keyword"
            },
            "session_id": { 
              "type":       "keyword",
              "doc_values": false
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

7、dynamic

dynamic属性用于检测新发现的字段，有三个取值：

*  true:新发现的字段添加到映射中。（默认）
 *  flase:新检测的字段被忽略。必须显式添加新字段。
 *  strict:如果检测到新字段，就会引发异常并拒绝文档

【例子】  
（1）新建索引  
取值为strict，非布尔值要加引号

DELETE my_index
    
    PUT my_index
    {
      "mappings": {
        "my_type": {
          "dynamic": "strict", 
          "properties": {
            "title": { "type": "text"}
          }
        }
      }
    }

（2）插入新文档

PUT my_index/my_type/1
    {
      "title": "test",
      "content": "test dynamic"
    }

抛出异常

{
      "error": {
        "root_cause": [
          {
            "type": "strict_dynamic_mapping_exception",
            "reason": "mapping set to strict, dynamic introduction of [content] within [my_type] is not allowed"
          }
        ],
        "type": "strict_dynamic_mapping_exception",
        "reason": "mapping set to strict, dynamic introduction of [content] within [my_type] is not allowed"
      },
      "status": 400
    }

8、enabled

ELasticseaech默认会索引所有的字段，enabled设为false的字段，es会跳过字段内容，该字段只能从\_source中获取，但是不可搜。而且字段可以是任意类型。

【例子】  
（1）新建索引，插入文档

DELETE my_index
    
    PUT my_index
    {
      "mappings": {
        "my_type": {
          "properties": {
            "name":{"enabled": false}
          } 
        }
      }
    }
    PUT my_index/my_type/1
    {
      "title": "test enabled",
      "name":"chengyuqiang"
    }

（2）查看文档

GET my_index/my_type/1

{
      "_index": "my_index",
      "_type": "my_type",
      "_id": "1",
      "_version": 1,
      "found": true,
      "_source": {
        "title": "test enabled",
        "name": "chengyuqiang"
      }
    }

（3）搜索字段

GET my_index/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match": {
          "name": "chengyuqiang"
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 4,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 0,
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
      }
    }

9、ignore\_above

ignore\_above用于指定字段索引和存储的长度最大值，超过最大值的会被忽略

DELETE my_index
    
    PUT my_index
    {
      "mappings": {
        "my_type": {
          "properties": {
            "message": {
              "type": "keyword",
              "ignore_above": 20 
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    
    PUT my_index/my_type/1 
    {
      "message": "Syntax error"
    }
    
    PUT my_index/my_type/2 
    {
      "message": "Syntax error with some long stacktrace"
    }

GET my_index/_search 
    {
      "size":0,
      "aggs": {
        "messages": {
          "terms": {
            "field": "message"
          }
        }
      }
    }

mapping中指定了ignore\_above字段的最大长度为20，第一个文档的字段长小于20，因此索引成功，第二个超过20，因此不索引，返回结果只有”Syntax error”,结果如下

{
      "took": 12,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 0,
        "hits": []
      },
      "aggregations": {
        "messages": {
          "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
          "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
          "buckets": [
            {
              "key": "Syntax error",
              "doc_count": 1
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }

10、ignore\_malformed

ignore\_malformed可以忽略不规则数据。对于账号userid字段，有人可能填写的是 整数类型，也有人填写的是邮件格式。给一个字段索引不合适的数据类型发生异常，导致整个文档索引失败。如果ignore\_malformed参数设为true，异常会被忽略，出异常的字段不会被索引，其它字段正常索引。

DELETE my_index
    
    PUT my_index
    {
      "mappings": {
        "my_type": {
          "properties": {
            "number_one": {
              "type": "integer",
              "ignore_malformed": true
            },
            "number_two": {
              "type": "integer"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    
    PUT my_index/my_type/1
    {
      "text":       "Some text value",
      "number_one": "foo" 
    }
    
    PUT my_index/my_type/2
    {
      "text":       "Some text value",
      "number_two": "foo" 
    }

上面的例子中number\_one接受integer类型，ignore\_malformed属性设为true，因此文档一种number\_one字段虽然是字符串但依然能写入成功；number\_two接受integer类型，默认ignore\_malformed属性为false，因此写入失败。

{
      "error": {
        "root_cause": [
          {
            "type": "mapper_parsing_exception",
            "reason": "failed to parse [number_two]"
          }
        ],
        "type": "mapper_parsing_exception",
        "reason": "failed to parse [number_two]",
        "caused_by": {
          "type": "number_format_exception",
          "reason": "For input string: \"foo\""
        }
      },
      "status": 400
    }

11、index\_options

index\_options参数控制将哪些信息添加到倒排索引，用于搜索和突出显示目的。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pob3V6aGl3ZW5nYW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

注意：The index\_options parameter has been deprecated for Numeric fields in 6.0.0。6.0.0中的数字字段已弃用index\_options参数。

DELETE my_index
    
    PUT my_index
    {
      "mappings": {
        "my_type": {
          "properties": {
            "text": {
              "type": "text",
              "index_options": "offsets"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    
    PUT my_index/my_type/1
    {
      "text": "Quick brown fox"
    }
    
    GET my_index/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match": {
          "text": "brown fox"
        }
      },
      "highlight": {
        "fields": {
          "text": {} 
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 50,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 0.5753642,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "my_index",
            "_type": "my_type",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 0.5753642,
            "_source": {
              "text": "Quick brown fox"
            },
            "highlight": {
              "text": [
                "Quick <em>brown</em> <em>fox</em>"
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

12、 index

index属性指定字段是否索引，不索引也就不可搜索，取值可以为true或者false。

13、fields

fields可以让同一文本有多种不同的索引方式，比如一个String类型的字段，可以使用text类型做全文检索，使用keyword类型做聚合和排序。

DELETE my_index
    
    PUT my_index
    {
      "mappings": {
        "my_type": {
          "properties": {
            "city": {
              "type": "text",
              "fields": {
                "raw": { 
                  "type":  "keyword"
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    
    PUT my_index/my_type/1
    {
      "city": "New York"
    }
    
    PUT my_index/my_type/2
    {
      "city": "York"
    }
    
    GET my_index/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match": {
          "city": "york" 
        }
      },
      "sort": {
        "city.raw": "asc" 
      },
      "aggs": {
        "Cities": {
          "terms": {
            "field": "city.raw" 
          }
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 31,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "my_index",
            "_type": "my_type",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": null,
            "_source": {
              "city": "New York"
            },
            "sort": [
              "New York"
            ]
          },
          {
            "_index": "my_index",
            "_type": "my_type",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": null,
            "_source": {
              "city": "York"
            },
            "sort": [
              "York"
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "aggregations": {
        "Cities": {
          "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
          "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
          "buckets": [
            {
              "key": "New York",
              "doc_count": 1
            },
            {
              "key": "York",
              "doc_count": 1
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }

说明：The city.raw field is a keyword version of the city field (.city.raw字段是城市字段的关键字版本。)  
The city field can be used for full text search.( city字段可用于全文搜索。)  
The city.raw field can be used for sorting and aggregations.( city.raw字段可用于排序和聚合)

[https_blog.csdn.net_chengyuqiang_article_details_79059958]: https://blog.csdn.net/chengyuqiang/article/details/79059958
[https_www.elastic.co_guide_en_elasticsearch_reference_6.3_mapping-params.html]: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/6.3/mapping-params.html
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