【CentOS】CentOS8.1 系统盘/根目录扩容方法等内容

Myth丶恋晨 2024-03-22 09:52 92阅读 0赞

> 用运营商的镜像安装云服务器，选择Linux系统的发行版 CentOS8.1， 云盘500G，内存16G; 但是安装好系统会发现根目录 很小只有8G 需要调整到50G. 现在讲调整的过程记录下来。

### 基本概念 ###

PV(Physical Volume)- 物理卷  
物理卷在逻辑卷管理中处于最底层，它可以是实际物理硬盘上的分区，也可以是整个物理硬盘，也可以是raid设备。

VG(Volumne Group)- 卷组  
卷组建立在物理卷之上，一个卷组中至少要包括一个物理卷，在卷组建立之后可动态添加物理卷到卷组中。一个逻辑卷管理系统工程中可以只有一个卷组，也可以拥有多个卷组。

LV(Logical Volume)- 逻辑卷  
逻辑卷建立在卷组之上，卷组中的未分配空间可以用于建立新的逻辑卷，逻辑卷建立后可以动态地扩展和缩小空间。系统中的多个逻辑卷可以属于同一个卷组，也可以属于不同的多个卷组。

### CentOS8.1 中文语言改为英文语言 ###

#vim /etc/locale.conf  
    
    LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
    修改为           
    LANG=en_US.UTF-8
    #reboot

重启动生效

### CentOS8.1 图像化启动改为字符多用户 ###

[root@centos8 etc]# more  inittab 
    # inittab is no longer used.
    #
    # ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.
    #
    # Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target
    #
    # systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:
    #
    # multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3
    # graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5
    #
    # To view current default target, run:
    # systemctl get-default
    #
    # To set a default target, run:
    # systemctl set-default TARGET.target
    [root@centos8 etc]# systemctl set-default multi-user.target
    Removed /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
    Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.
    [root@centos8 etc]# reboot

重启动生效

### CentOS8.1 系统盘/根目录扩容 ###

#### 1. 查看磁盘大小及剩余空间 ####

[root@centos8 ~]# df -Th
    Filesystem          Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    devtmpfs            devtmpfs  7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
    tmpfs               tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
    tmpfs               tmpfs     7.8G  8.9M  7.8G   1% /run
    tmpfs               tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    /dev/mapper/cl-root xfs       8.0G  4.1G  3.9G  52% /
    /dev/vda1           ext4      976M  143M  766M  16% /boot
    tmpfs               tmpfs     1.6G  4.0K  1.6G   1% /run/user/0

#### 2. 查看硬盘数量和分区情况 ####

[root@centos8 ~]# fdisk -l
    Disk /dev/vda: 540 GiB, 579820584960 bytes, 1132462080 sectors
    Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disklabel type: dos
    Disk identifier: 0x1cdf0571
    
    Device     Boot   Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
    /dev/vda1  *       2048  2099199  2097152   1G 83 Linux
    /dev/vda2       2099200 20971519 18872320   9G 8e Linux LVM
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 8 GiB, 8585740288 bytes, 16769024 sectors
    Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
    Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

#### 3. 对未分配的磁盘分区 ####

[root@centos8 ~]# fdisk /dev/vda
    Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    Be careful before using the write command.
    
    
    Command (m for help): n
    Partition type
       p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
       e   extended (container for logical partitions)
    Select (default p): p
    Partition number (3,4, default 3): 
    First sector (20971520-1132462079, default 20971520): 
    Last sector, +sectors or +size{
        K,M,G,T,P} (20971520-1132462079, default 1132462079): +42GB
    
    Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux' and of size 39.1 GiB.
    
    Command (m for help): P
    P: unknown command
    
    Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/vda: 540 GiB, 579820584960 bytes, 1132462080 sectors
    Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disklabel type: dos
    Disk identifier: 0x1cdf0571
    
    Device     Boot    Start       End  Sectors  Size Id Type
    /dev/vda1  *        2048   2099199  2097152    1G 83 Linux
    /dev/vda2        2099200  20971519 18872320    9G 8e Linux LVM
    /dev/vda3       20971520 103002111 82030592 39.1G 83 Linux
    
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered.
    Syncing disks.

#### 4. 将磁盘分区表变化信息通知内核，系统重新加载分区表 ####

[root@centos8 ~]# partprobe -s
    /dev/vda: msdos partitions 1 2 3

#### 5. 创建物理卷 ####

[root@centos8 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vda3
      Physical volume "/dev/vda3" successfully created.

#### 6. 查看lvm卷 ####

[root@centos8 ~]# pvdisplay
      --- Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/vda2
      VG Name               cl
      PV Size               <9.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
      Allocatable           yes (but full)
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              2303
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          2303
      PV UUID               bJ39om-je2X-7eVI-99cr-ieNt-Qlkm-LfqOBM
       
      "/dev/vda3" is a new physical volume of "<39.12 GiB"
      --- NEW Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/vda3
      VG Name               
      PV Size               <39.12 GiB
      Allocatable           NO
      PE Size               0   
      Total PE              0
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          0
      PV UUID               fhAswC-ab3g-qgdN-5hoW-iIFE-rzKI-FFg9GC

#### 7. 查看卷组 ，卷组名为 “cl”(有的系统默认为“centos”，注意修改) ####

vgdisplay

#### 8. 将新卷扩展进原有的“cl”卷组里 ####

[root@centos8 ~]# vgextend cl /dev/vda3
      Volume group "cl" successfully extended

#### 9. 扩展逻辑卷 ####

[root@centos8 ~]# lvextend -l +100%free /dev/mapper/cl-root
      Size of logical volume cl/root changed from <8.00 GiB (2047 extents) to <47.11 GiB (12060 extents).
      Logical volume cl/root successfully resized.
    ### 查看逻辑卷文件系统类型 
    [root@centos8 ~]# blkid /dev/mapper/cl-root
    /dev/mapper/cl-root: UUID="b67bbb1c-3845-4fe5-9906-9902394816e2" TYPE="xfs"

#### 10. 扩展文件系统，如果是ext类型分区，使用resize2fs命 ####

[root@centos8 ~]# xfs_growfs /
    meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-root    isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=524032 blks
             =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
             =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
             =                       reflink=1
    data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2096128, imaxpct=25
             =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
    naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
    log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
             =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
    realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
    data blocks changed from 2096128 to 12349440

[root@centos8 ~]# df -Th
    Filesystem          Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    devtmpfs            devtmpfs  7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
    tmpfs               tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
    tmpfs               tmpfs     7.8G  8.9M  7.8G   1% /run
    tmpfs               tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    /dev/mapper/cl-root xfs        48G  4.4G   43G  10% /
    /dev/vda1           ext4      976M  143M  766M  16% /boot
    tmpfs               tmpfs     1.6G  4.0K  1.6G   1% /run/user/0