17、Spring6整合JUnit5

缺乏、安全感 2024-03-23 00:38 81阅读 0赞

**目录**

17、Spring6整合JUnit5

17.1 Spring对JUnit4的支持

准备工作：

声明Bean

spring.xml

单元测试：

17.2 Spring对JUnit5的支持

--------------------

## 17、Spring6整合JUnit5 ##

### 17.1 Spring对JUnit4的支持 ###

#### 准备工作： ####

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.powernode</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring6-015-junit</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        
        <repositories>
            
            <repository>
                <id>repository.spring.milestone</id>
                <name>Spring Milestone Repository</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>6.0.11</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                <version>6.0.11</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.13.2</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <properties>
            <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
            <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        </properties>
    
    </project>

##### 声明Bean #####

package com.dong.spring6.bean;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    
    @Component
    public class User {
    
        @Value("张三")
        private String name;
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public User() {
        }
    
        public User(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    }

##### spring.xml #####

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.powernode.spring6.bean"/>
    </beans>

##### 单元测试： #####

package com.dong.spring6.test;
    
    import com.powernode.spring6.bean.User;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    
    
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @ContextConfiguration("classpath:spring.xml")
    public class SpringJUnit4Test {
    
        @Autowired
        private User user;
    
        @Test
        public void testUser(){
            System.out.println(user.getName());
        }
    }

执行结果如下：

![image.png][]

Spring提供的方便主要是这几个注解：

**@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:spring.xml")**

在单元测试类上使用这两个注解之后，在单元测试类中的属性上可以使用@Autowired。比较方便。

### 17.2 Spring对JUnit5的支持 ###

引入JUnit5的依赖，Spring对JUnit支持的依赖还是：spring-test，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.powernode</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring6-015-junit</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        
        <repositories>
            
            <repository>
                <id>repository.spring.milestone</id>
                <name>Spring Milestone Repository</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>6.0.11</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                <version>6.0.11</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
                <version>5.9.0</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <properties>
            <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
            <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        </properties>
    
    </project>

单元测试类

package com.dong.spring6.test;
    
    import com.dong.spring6.bean.User;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
    
    
    @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
    @ContextConfiguration("classpath:spring.xml")
    public class SpringJUnit5Test {
    
        @Autowired
        private User user;
    
        @Test
        public void testUser(){
            System.out.println(user.getName());
        }
    }

在JUnit5当中，可以使用Spring提供的以下两个注解，标注到单元测试类上，这样在类当中就可以使用@Autowired注解了。

**@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)**

**@ContextConfiguration("classpath:spring.xml")**

[image.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/ecef1631cef24d7bbcc2ab54b0dd98ac.png