java发送form-data请求实现文件上传

朱雀 2024-03-23 10:01 72阅读 0赞

### 一、业务需求： ###

需要请求第三方接口上传文件，该请求类型是form-data请求

### 二、postmant请求结果如下 ###

![b74b05d4052a4ec481d8c6ccc8e9bcfe.png][]

### 三、maven依赖： ###

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
                <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
                <version>4.4.9</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
                <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
                <version>4.5.13</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
                <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
                <version>4.5.12</version>
            </dependency>

### 四、java实现请求 ###

public static void test() {
            String goodsUrl = "http://0.0.0.0:7000/pangu/";
            //本地文件位置
            String fileName = "D:\\222.png";
            String str = null;
            try {
                //添加请求头
                HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
                //map.put("token", CommonConstant.token);
                File file = new File(fileName);
                str = doPostUploadFile(goodsUrl + "/sacw/CommonConfig/uploadFile", map, file);
                if(file.exists()) {
                    //boolean delete = file.delete();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
    
    
    
        /**
         * post请求提交form-data上传文件
         *
         * @param url 上传地址
         * @param headers 请求头
         * @param file 上传文件
         * @return
         */
        public static String doPostUploadFile(String url, Map<String, String> headers, File file) {
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            packageHeader(headers, httpPost);
            String fileName = file.getName();
    
            CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
    
            String respContent = null;
    
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    
            // 设置请求头 boundary边界不可重复，重复会导致提交失败
            String boundary = "-------------------------" + UUID.randomUUID().toString();
            httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
    
            // 创建MultipartEntityBuilder
            MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
            // 设置字符编码
            builder.setCharset(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            // 模拟浏览器
            builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
            // 设置边界
            builder.setBoundary(boundary);
            // 设置multipart/form-data流文件
            builder.addPart("sendfile", new FileBody(file));
            builder.addTextBody("fileType", "1");
            // application/octet-stream代表不知道是什么格式的文件
            builder.addBinaryBody("media", file, ContentType.create("application/octet-stream"), fileName);
    
            HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
            httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            try {
                response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
                if (response != null && response.getStatusLine() != null && response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() < 400) {
                    HttpEntity he = response.getEntity();
                    if (he != null) {
                        respContent = EntityUtils.toString(he, "UTF-8");
                    }
                } else {
                    logger.error("对方响应的状态码不在符合的范围内!");
                    throw new RuntimeException();
                }
                return respContent;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error("网络访问异常,请求url地址={},响应体={},error={}", url, response, e);
                throw new RuntimeException();
            } finally {
                logger.info("统一外网请求参数打印,post请求url地址={},响应={},耗时={}毫秒", url, respContent, (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime));
                try {
                    if (response != null) {
                        response.close();
                    }
                    if(null != httpClient){
                        httpClient.close();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    logger.error("请求链接释放异常", e);
                }
            }
        }
    
    
    
        /**
         * 封装请求头
         *
         * @param paramsHeads
         * @param httpMethod
         */
        private static void packageHeader(Map<String, String> paramsHeads, HttpRequestBase httpMethod) {
            if (null!= paramsHeads && paramsHeads.size()>0) {
                Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = paramsHeads.entrySet();
                for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) {
                    httpMethod.setHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
                }
            }
        }

**注意：**这里的`builder.addPart("sendfile", new FileBody(file));`，`multipartFile`对应form表单的字段名称。

参考：[Java发送form-data请求实现文件上传\_IceFloe\_Rot的博客-CSDN博客][Java_form-data_IceFloe_Rot_-CSDN]

[b74b05d4052a4ec481d8c6ccc8e9bcfe.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/23/7fcf8823a08a4636bc581acd53b83a38.png
[Java_form-data_IceFloe_Rot_-CSDN]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43352244/article/details/120828528