黑马程序员SpringMVC练手项目

谁践踏了优雅 2024-03-23 18:50 66阅读 0赞

**目录**

1、需求

2、项目准备

pom.xml

SQL

jdbc.properties

log4j.properties

applicationContext.xml

spring-mvc.xml

web.xml

3、工作流程

4、难点

--------------------

项目已经上传到gitee：[https://gitee.com/xzl-it/my-projects][https_gitee.com_xzl-it_my-projects]

## 1、需求 ##

SpringMVC项目练习：数据后台管理系统

结合MVC和三重架构，使用Spring和SpringMVC实现前后端交互的web应用。

项目页面实现如下：

![99be09a9db864c01a890f303b2e72068.png][]

![567cf7071b8546bdb57a254001075eee.png][]

![29bb562b74c440698f431f204c19d08c.png][]![3cf16a09e8bb4bb9bc337abb6643eb66.png][] ![fb77f8752283449d8c3f505235da9845.png][]

## 2、项目准备 ##

Spring环境搭建步骤

① 创建工程 (Project&Module)

② 导入静态页面 (这部分后面再细讲)

③ 导入需要坐标 (pom.xml)

④ 创建包结构 (controller、service、dao、domain、utils)

⑤ 执行对应的sql语句

⑥ 创建POJO类 (User.java和Role.java)

⑦ 创建配置文件 (applicationContext.xml、spring-mvc.xml、jdbc.properties、log4j.properties)

总体环境搭建完成后，目录结构如下：

![a2bd7a0a02ced922e150575df70fe2ad.png][]

下面是项目需要的配置文件：

### pom.xml ###

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>projectForSpringMVC</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>war</packaging>
    
        <properties>
            <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
            <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
        </properties>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                    <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.2</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <port>8080</port>
                        <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.32</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
                <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
                <version>0.9.1.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>1.1.10</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.12</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.1</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.1</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
                <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
                <version>2.9.0</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
                <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
                <version>2.9.0</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
                <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
                <version>2.9.0</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.1</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
                <version>2.3</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
                <version>1.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                <version>1.7.7</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.17</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>jstl</groupId>
                <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
                <version>1.2</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </project>

### SQL ###

/* 创建数据库 'SpringMVC' */
    CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `SpringMVC` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;
    
    /* 使用数据库 'SpringMVC' */
    USE `SpringMVC`;
    
    /* 创建表 'sys_role' */
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_role`;
    CREATE TABLE `sys_role` (
      `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `roleName` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `roleDescription` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    /* 插入数据到表 'sys_role' */
    INSERT INTO `sys_role`(`id`,`roleName`,`roleDesc`)
    VALUES (1,'院长','负责全面工作'),
           (2,'研究员','课程研发工作'),
           (3,'讲师','授课工作'),
           (4,'助教','协助解决学生的问题');
    
    /* 创建表 'sys_user' */
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_user`;
    CREATE TABLE `sys_user` (
      `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `username` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `email` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
      `password` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL,
      `phoneNum` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    /* 插入数据到表 'sys_user' */
    INSERT INTO `sys_user`(`id`,`username`,`email`,`password`,`phoneNum`)
    VALUES (1,'zhangsan','zhangsan@itcast.cn','123','13888888888'),
           (2,'lisi','lisi@itcast.cn','123','13999999999'),
           (3,'wangwu','wangwu@itcast.cn','123','18599999999');
    
    /* 创建表 'sys_user_role' */
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_user_role`;
    CREATE TABLE `sys_user_role` (
      `userId` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
      `roleId` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`userId`,`roleId`),
      KEY `roleId` (`roleId`),
      CONSTRAINT `sys_user_role_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`userId`) REFERENCES `sys_user` (`id`),
      CONSTRAINT `sys_user_role_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`roleId`) REFERENCES `sys_role` (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    /* 插入数据到表 'sys_user_role' */
    INSERT INTO `sys_user_role`(`userId`,`roleId`)
    VALUES (1,1),
           (1,2),
           (2,2),
           (2,3);

### jdbc.properties ###

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springmvc
    jdbc.username=root
    jdbc.password=xzlXZGK680

### log4j.properties ###

### direct log messages to stdout ###
    log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
    log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
    log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
    
    ### direct messages to file mylog.log ###
    log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
    log4j.appender.file.File=c:/mylog.log
    log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
    
    ### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###
    
    log4j.rootLogger=info, stdout

### applicationContext.xml ###

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    ">
        
        
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.xzl">
            <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
        </context:component-scan>
    
        
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
    
        
        <bean id="dataSource_C3p0" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
            <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
            <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
            <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
            <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
        </bean>
        <bean id="dataSource_Druid" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
            <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
            <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
            <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
            <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
        </bean>
    
        
        <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource_Druid"/>
        </bean>
    </beans>

### spring-mvc.xml ###

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
        
        <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    
        
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="prefix" value="/pages/"/>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
        </bean>
    
        
        <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    
        
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.xzl">
            <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
        </context:component-scan>
    
    </beans>

### web.xml ###

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
             version="4.0">
    
        
        <filter>
            <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
            </init-param>
        </filter>
        <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
        </filter-mapping>
    
        
        <context-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </context-param>
        
        <listener>
            <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
        </listener>
    
    
        
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
            <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
    
    </web-app>

## 3、工作流程 ##

这里以一个请求动作进行举例：

前端对后端服务器的请求，被前端控制器全部拦截，交由对应的控制器；

控制器调用业务逻辑层代码，封装模型和视图；

业务逻辑层调用数据访问层代码，封装需要的数据进行返回；

最后返回到控制器进行全部封装完成，相应到对应的视图资源进行返回前端。

总体过程如图：

![a24120faf153e47c485718a1c67bb4f5.png][]

![422e53e485a5c7365ad38dc596d65d34.png][]

##  ##

![41d434027fbb8a6c06a19942dfc79a19.png][]

## 4、难点 ##

这个过程主要是多表查询，要分清楚主键约束，即删表的时候要先删用户表，再删关系表。

还有一个就是存储过程中，用户的id是由MySQL自动生成的，存储过程获取不到，这里使用PreparedStatementCreator。

在UserDaoImpl.java中：

@Override
    public Long save(final User user) {
        // 创建PreparedStatementCreator，用于构建PreparedStatement
        PreparedStatementCreator creator = new PreparedStatementCreator() {
            @Override
            public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
                // 使用原始jdbc完成PreparedStatement的组建
                PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("insert into sys_user values(?,?,?,?,?)", PreparedStatement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
                preparedStatement.setObject(1, null); // 设置第一个占位符为NULL，通常用于表示主键自动生成
                preparedStatement.setString(2, user.getUsername()); // 设置第二个占位符为用户的用户名
                preparedStatement.setString(3, user.getEmail()); // 设置第三个占位符为用户的电子邮件地址
                preparedStatement.setString(4, user.getPassword()); // 设置第四个占位符为用户的密码
                preparedStatement.setString(5, user.getPhoneNum()); // 设置第五个占位符为用户的电话号码
                return preparedStatement;
            }
        };
        // 创建keyHolder，用于获取自动生成的主键
        GeneratedKeyHolder keyHolder = new GeneratedKeyHolder();
        // 使用jdbcTemplate执行SQL插入，并将生成的主键保存到keyHolder中
        jdbcTemplate.update(creator, keyHolder);
        // 获得生成的主键
        long userId = keyHolder.getKey().longValue();
        // 返回当前保存用户的id，该id是数据库自动生成的
        return userId;
    }

[https_gitee.com_xzl-it_my-projects]: https://gitee.com/xzl-it/my-projects
[99be09a9db864c01a890f303b2e72068.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/bf0698f8f6b640ce8c0d3d09b03bcd25.png
[567cf7071b8546bdb57a254001075eee.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/273ddd60e7e44269b5b546726f03e52c.png
[29bb562b74c440698f431f204c19d08c.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/29bb562b74c440698f431f204c19d08c.png
[3cf16a09e8bb4bb9bc337abb6643eb66.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/3cf16a09e8bb4bb9bc337abb6643eb66.png
[fb77f8752283449d8c3f505235da9845.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/7da19634f25f4654bb066d839506b0a1.png
[a2bd7a0a02ced922e150575df70fe2ad.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/0b20994b5e3f4f009bce70add8b9c226.png
[a24120faf153e47c485718a1c67bb4f5.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/f2a796f04b2f4ec7afe2e8ad5c9cae98.png
[422e53e485a5c7365ad38dc596d65d34.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/2c209f8891e7402abe270ad95527e646.png
[41d434027fbb8a6c06a19942dfc79a19.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/14/cb512f79c2444fe082879142085eb2df.png