Spring 定时任务报错：Cron expression must consist of 6 fields (found 5 in “0 * * * *“)

古城微笑少年丶 2024-03-24 18:00 6阅读 0赞

Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Encountered invalid @Scheduled method 'vehicleTestingResultGenerator': Cron expression must consist of 6 fields (found 5 in "0 * * * *")
    	at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.processScheduled(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:499) ~[spring-context-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE]
    	at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.lambda$null$1(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:362) ~[spring-context-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE]
    	at java.lang.Iterable.forEach(Iterable.java:75) ~[na:1.8.0_362]
    	at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.lambda$postProcessAfterInitialization$2(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:362) ~[spring-context-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE]
    	at java.util.LinkedHashMap.forEach(LinkedHashMap.java:684) ~[na:1.8.0_362]
    	at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:361) ~[spring-context-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE]
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:431) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE]
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1800) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE]
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:595) ~[spring-beans-5.2.5.RELEASE.jar:5.2.5.RELEASE]

Spring定时任务-cron只能包含6个字段，即使不支持年份

### 源码分析 ###

#### @Scheduled ####

/**
 * Annotation that marks a method to be scheduled. Exactly one of the
 * {@link #cron}, {@link #fixedDelay}, or {@link #fixedRate} attributes must be
 * specified.
 *
 * The annotated method must expect no arguments. It will typically have
 * a {@code void} return type; if not, the returned value will be ignored
 * when called through the scheduler.
 *
 * Processing of {@code @Scheduled} annotations is performed by
 * registering a {@link ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor}. This can be
 * done manually or, more conveniently, through the {@code <task:annotation-driven/>}
 * element or @{@link EnableScheduling} annotation.
 *
 * This annotation may be used as a meta-annotation to create custom
 * composed annotations with attribute overrides.
 *
 * @author Mark Fisher
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Dave Syer
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @since 3.0
 * @see EnableScheduling
 * @see ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 * @see Schedules
 */
 @Target({
 ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 @Documented
 @Repeatable(Schedules.class)
 public @interface Scheduled {
 
 
 	/**
 	 * A special cron expression value that indicates a disabled trigger: {@value}.
 	 * This is primarily meant for use with <code>${...}</code> placeholders,
 	 * allowing for external disabling of corresponding scheduled methods.
 	 * @since 5.1
 	 * @see ScheduledTaskRegistrar#CRON_DISABLED
 	 */
 	String CRON_DISABLED = ScheduledTaskRegistrar.CRON_DISABLED;
 
 
 	/**
 	 * A cron-like expression, extending the usual UN*X definition to include triggers
 	 * on the second, minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week.
 	 * For example, {@code "0 * * * * MON-FRI"} means once per minute on weekdays
 	 * (at the top of the minute - the 0th second).
 	 * The fields read from left to right are interpreted as follows.
 	 * <ul>
 	 * <li>second</li>
 	 * <li>minute</li>
 	 * <li>hour</li>
 	 * <li>day of month</li>
 	 * <li>month</li>
 	 * <li>day of week</li>
 	 * </ul>
 	 * The special value {@link #CRON_DISABLED "-"} indicates a disabled cron
 	 * trigger, primarily meant for externally specified values resolved by a
 	 * <code>${...}</code> placeholder.
 	 * @return an expression that can be parsed to a cron schedule
 	 * @see org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronSequenceGenerator
 	 */
 	String cron() default "";

#### CronSequenceGenerator ####

/**
 * Date sequence generator for a
 * <a href="https://www.manpagez.com/man/5/crontab/">Crontab pattern</a>,
 * allowing clients to specify a pattern that the sequence matches.
 *
 * The pattern is a list of six single space-separated fields: representing
 * second, minute, hour, day, month, weekday. Month and weekday names can be
 * given as the first three letters of the English names.
 *
 * Example patterns:
 * <ul>
 * <li>"0 0 * * * *" = the top of every hour of every day.</li>
 * <li>"*/10 * * * * *" = every ten seconds.</li>
 * <li>"0 0 8-10 * * *" = 8, 9 and 10 o'clock of every day.</li>
 * <li>"0 0 6,19 * * *" = 6:00 AM and 7:00 PM every day.</li>
 * <li>"0 0/30 8-10 * * *" = 8:00, 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, 10:00 and 10:30 every day.</li>
 * <li>"0 0 9-17 * * MON-FRI" = on the hour nine-to-five weekdays</li>
 * <li>"0 0 0 25 12 ?" = every Christmas Day at midnight</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author Dave Syer
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Ruslan Sibgatullin
 * @since 3.0
 * @see CronTrigger
 */
 public class CronSequenceGenerator {

通过源码和源码中的例子，我们可以看到自从Spring3.0的版本后，cron表达式只能支持6个字段

### 解决方案 ###

*  Spring集成Quartz