SpringBoot整合Swagger3.0使用及报错解决大全

小灰灰 2024-03-25 12:44 74阅读 0赞

## 前言 ##

> Swagger是一个规范和完整的框架，用于生成、描述、调用和可视化 RESTful 风格的 Web服务。总体目标是使客户端和文件系统作为服务器以同样的速度来更新。文件的方法，参数和模型紧密集成到服务器端的代码，允许API来始终保持同步。

![在这里插入图片描述][5d7fcc8fff5942e68bbbc01c8289effe.png_pic_center]

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Step</th> 
   <th>Description</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>引入Maven依赖</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>在Spring Boot中启用Swagger</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>3</td> 
   <td>创建SwaggerConfig类</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>创建Docket Bean</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>提供API信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>配置Swagger UI</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>7</td> 
   <td>应用Swagger</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 项目背景 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][4a780d2f534a4e239ebc98467f510c5c.png_pic_center]

**版本**

> SpringBoot 2.7.\*  
> springfox 3.0

**Maven依赖**

<dependency>
        <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
        <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
    	<artifactId>springfox-boot-starter</artifactId>
    	<version>3.0.0</version>
    </dependency>

@Configuration
    @EnableSwagger2
    @EnableAutoConfiguration
    @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "swagger.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
    public class SwaggerAutoConfiguration
    {
        
        /**
         * 默认的排除路径，排除Spring Boot默认的错误处理路径和端点
         */
        private static final List<String> DEFAULT_EXCLUDE_PATH = Arrays.asList("/error", "/actuator/**");
    
        private static final String BASE_PATH = "/**";
    
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean
        public SwaggerProperties swaggerProperties()
        {
        
            return new SwaggerProperties();
        }
    
        @Bean
        public Docket api(SwaggerProperties swaggerProperties)
        {
        
            // base-path处理
            if (swaggerProperties.getBasePath().isEmpty())
            {
        
                swaggerProperties.getBasePath().add(BASE_PATH);
            }
            // noinspection unchecked
            List<Predicate<String>> basePath = new ArrayList<Predicate<String>>();
            swaggerProperties.getBasePath().forEach(path -> basePath.add(PathSelectors.ant(path)));
    
            // exclude-path处理
            if (swaggerProperties.getExcludePath().isEmpty())
            {
        
                swaggerProperties.getExcludePath().addAll(DEFAULT_EXCLUDE_PATH);
            }
    
            List<Predicate<String>> excludePath = new ArrayList<>();
            swaggerProperties.getExcludePath().forEach(path -> excludePath.add(PathSelectors.ant(path)));
    
            ApiSelectorBuilder builder = new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2).host(swaggerProperties.getHost())
                    .apiInfo(apiInfo(swaggerProperties)).select()
                    .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage(swaggerProperties.getBasePackage()));
    
            swaggerProperties.getBasePath().forEach(p -> builder.paths(PathSelectors.ant(p)));
            swaggerProperties.getExcludePath().forEach(p -> builder.paths(PathSelectors.ant(p).negate()));
    
            return builder.build().securitySchemes(securitySchemes()).securityContexts(securityContexts()).pathMapping("/");
        }
    
        /**
         * 安全模式，这里指定token通过Authorization头请求头传递
         */
        private List<SecurityScheme> securitySchemes()
        {
        
            List<SecurityScheme> apiKeyList = new ArrayList<SecurityScheme>();
            apiKeyList.add(new ApiKey("Authorization", "Authorization", "header"));
            return apiKeyList;
        }
    
        /**
         * 安全上下文
         */
        private List<SecurityContext> securityContexts()
        {
        
            List<SecurityContext> securityContexts = new ArrayList<>();
            securityContexts.add(
                    SecurityContext.builder()
                            .securityReferences(defaultAuth())
                            .operationSelector(o -> o.requestMappingPattern().matches("/.*"))
                            .build());
            return securityContexts;
        }
    
        /**
         * 默认的全局鉴权策略
         *
         * @return
         */
        private List<SecurityReference> defaultAuth()
        {
        
            AuthorizationScope authorizationScope = new AuthorizationScope("global", "accessEverything");
            AuthorizationScope[] authorizationScopes = new AuthorizationScope[1];
            authorizationScopes[0] = authorizationScope;
            List<SecurityReference> securityReferences = new ArrayList<>();
            securityReferences.add(new SecurityReference("Authorization", authorizationScopes));
            return securityReferences;
        }
    
        private ApiInfo apiInfo(SwaggerProperties swaggerProperties)
        {
        
             return new ApiInfoBuilder()
                 .title(swaggerProperties.getTitle())
                 .description(swaggerProperties.getDescription())
                 .license(swaggerProperties.getLicense())
                 .licenseUrl(swaggerProperties.getLicenseUrl())
                 .termsOfServiceUrl(swaggerProperties.getTermsOfServiceUrl())
                 .contact(new Contact(swaggerProperties.getContact().getName(), swaggerProperties.getContact().getUrl(), swaggerProperties.getContact().getEmail()))
                 .version(swaggerProperties.getVersion())
                 .build();
        }
    }

@Component
    @ConfigurationProperties("swagger")
    public class SwaggerProperties
    {
        
        /**
         * 是否开启swagger
         */
        private Boolean enabled;
    
        /**
         * swagger会解析的包路径
         **/
        private String basePackage = "";
    
        /**
         * swagger会解析的url规则
         **/
        private List<String> basePath = new ArrayList<>();
    
        /**
         * 在basePath基础上需要排除的url规则
         **/
        private List<String> excludePath = new ArrayList<>();
    
        /**
         * 标题
         **/
        private String title = "";
    
        /**
         * 描述
         **/
        private String description = "";
    
        /**
         * 版本
         **/
        private String version = "";
    
        /**
         * 许可证
         **/
        private String license = "";
    
        /**
         * 许可证URL
         **/
        private String licenseUrl = "";
    
        /**
         * 服务条款URL
         **/
        private String termsOfServiceUrl = "";
    
        /**
         * host信息
         **/
        private String host = "";
    
        /**
         * 联系人信息
         */
        private Contact contact = new Contact();
    
        /**
         * 全局统一鉴权配置
         **/
        private Authorization authorization = new Authorization();
    
        public Boolean getEnabled()
        {
        
            return enabled;
        }
    
        public void setEnabled(Boolean enabled)
        {
        
            this.enabled = enabled;
        }
    
        public String getBasePackage()
        {
        
            return basePackage;
        }
    
        public void setBasePackage(String basePackage)
        {
        
            this.basePackage = basePackage;
        }
    
        public List<String> getBasePath()
        {
        
            return basePath;
        }
    
        public void setBasePath(List<String> basePath)
        {
        
            this.basePath = basePath;
        }
    
        public List<String> getExcludePath()
        {
        
            return excludePath;
        }
    
        public void setExcludePath(List<String> excludePath)
        {
        
            this.excludePath = excludePath;
        }
    
        public String getTitle()
        {
        
            return title;
        }
    
        public void setTitle(String title)
        {
        
            this.title = title;
        }
    
        public String getDescription()
        {
        
            return description;
        }
    
        public void setDescription(String description)
        {
        
            this.description = description;
        }
    
        public String getVersion()
        {
        
            return version;
        }
    
        public void setVersion(String version)
        {
        
            this.version = version;
        }
    
        public String getLicense()
        {
        
            return license;
        }
    
        public void setLicense(String license)
        {
        
            this.license = license;
        }
    
        public String getLicenseUrl()
        {
        
            return licenseUrl;
        }
    
        public void setLicenseUrl(String licenseUrl)
        {
        
            this.licenseUrl = licenseUrl;
        }
    
        public String getTermsOfServiceUrl()
        {
        
            return termsOfServiceUrl;
        }
    
        public void setTermsOfServiceUrl(String termsOfServiceUrl)
        {
        
            this.termsOfServiceUrl = termsOfServiceUrl;
        }
    
        public String getHost()
        {
        
            return host;
        }
    
        public void setHost(String host)
        {
        
            this.host = host;
        }
    
        public Contact getContact()
        {
        
            return contact;
        }
    
        public void setContact(Contact contact)
        {
        
            this.contact = contact;
        }
    
        public Authorization getAuthorization()
        {
        
            return authorization;
        }
    
        public void setAuthorization(Authorization authorization)
        {
        
            this.authorization = authorization;
        }
    
        public static class Contact
        {
        
            /**
             * 联系人
             **/
            private String name = "";
            /**
             * 联系人url
             **/
            private String url = "";
            /**
             * 联系人email
             **/
            private String email = "";
    
            public String getName()
            {
        
                return name;
            }
    
            public void setName(String name)
            {
        
                this.name = name;
            }
    
            public String getUrl()
            {
        
                return url;
            }
    
            public void setUrl(String url)
            {
        
                this.url = url;
            }
    
            public String getEmail()
            {
        
                return email;
            }
    
            public void setEmail(String email)
            {
        
                this.email = email;
            }
        }
    
        public static class Authorization
        {
        
            /**
             * 鉴权策略ID，需要和SecurityReferences ID保持一致
             */
            private String name = "";
    
            /**
             * 需要开启鉴权URL的正则
             */
            private String authRegex = "^.*$";
    
            /**
             * 鉴权作用域列表
             */
            private List<AuthorizationScope> authorizationScopeList = new ArrayList<>();
    
            private List<String> tokenUrlList = new ArrayList<>();
    
            public String getName()
            {
        
                return name;
            }
    
            public void setName(String name)
            {
        
                this.name = name;
            }
    
            public String getAuthRegex()
            {
        
                return authRegex;
            }
    
            public void setAuthRegex(String authRegex)
            {
        
                this.authRegex = authRegex;
            }
    
            public List<AuthorizationScope> getAuthorizationScopeList()
            {
        
                return authorizationScopeList;
            }
    
            public void setAuthorizationScopeList(List<AuthorizationScope> authorizationScopeList)
            {
        
                this.authorizationScopeList = authorizationScopeList;
            }
    
            public List<String> getTokenUrlList()
            {
        
                return tokenUrlList;
            }
    
            public void setTokenUrlList(List<String> tokenUrlList)
            {
        
                this.tokenUrlList = tokenUrlList;
            }
        }
    
        public static class AuthorizationScope
        {
        
            /**
             * 作用域名称
             */
            private String scope = "";
    
            /**
             * 作用域描述
             */
            private String description = "";
    
            public String getScope()
            {
        
                return scope;
            }
    
            public void setScope(String scope)
            {
        
                this.scope = scope;
            }
    
            public String getDescription()
            {
        
                return description;
            }
    
            public void setDescription(String description)
            {
        
                this.description = description;
            }
        }

/**
     * swagger 资源映射路径
     * 
     */
    @Configuration
    public class SwaggerWebConfiguration implements WebMvcConfigurer
    {
        
        @Override
        public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry)
        {
        
            /** swagger-ui 地址 */
            registry.addResourceHandler("/swagger-ui/**")
                    .addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/");
        }
    }

## 报错一：: Failed to start bean ‘documentationPluginsBootstrapper’; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException ##

org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Failed to start bean 'documentationPluginsBootstrapper'; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException
    	at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.doStart(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:181)
    	at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.access$200(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:54)
    	at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor$LifecycleGroup.start(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:356)
    	at java.lang.Iterable.forEach(Iterable.java:75)
    	at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.startBeans(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:155)
    	at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.onRefresh(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:123)
    	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishRefresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:935)
    	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:586)
    	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:147)
    	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:734)
    	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:408)
    	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:308)
    	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1306)
    	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1295)
    	at *Application.main(Application.java:22)
    	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    	at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartLauncher.run(RestartLauncher.java:49)
    Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: null
    	at springfox.documentation.spring.web.WebMvcPatternsRequestConditionWrapper.getPatterns(WebMvcPatternsRequestConditionWrapper.java:56)
    	at springfox.documentation.RequestHandler.sortedPaths(RequestHandler.java:113)
    	at springfox.documentation.spi.service.contexts.Orderings.lambda$byPatternsCondition$3(Orderings.java:89)
    	at java.util.Comparator.lambda$comparing$77a9974f$1(Comparator.java:469)
    	at java.util.TimSort.countRunAndMakeAscending(TimSort.java:355)
    	at java.util.TimSort.sort(TimSort.java:234)
    	at java.util.Arrays.sort(Arrays.java:1512)
    	at java.util.ArrayList.sort(ArrayList.java:1454)
    	at java.util.stream.SortedOps$RefSortingSink.end(SortedOps.java:387)
    	at java.util.stream.Sink$ChainedReference.end(Sink.java:258)
    	at java.util.stream.Sink$ChainedReference.end(Sink.java:258)
    	at java.util.stream.Sink$ChainedReference.end(Sink.java:258)
    	at java.util.stream.Sink$ChainedReference.end(Sink.java:258)
    	at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:482)
    	at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471)
    	at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
    	at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
    	at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499)
    	at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.WebMvcRequestHandlerProvider.requestHandlers(WebMvcRequestHandlerProvider.java:81)
    	at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:193)
    	at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1374)
    	at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:481)
    	at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471)
    	at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
    	at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
    	at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499)
    	at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.withDefaults(AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.java:107)
    	at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.buildContext(AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.java:91)
    	at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.bootstrapDocumentationPlugins(AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.java:82)
    	at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.start(DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.java:100)
    	at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.doStart(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:178)
    	... 19 common frames omitted

**从报错顺序跟踪源码查看执行步骤**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>step</th> 
   <th>操作</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>SpringBoot 启动同时Bean初始化完毕</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>初始化DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper同时将RequestHandlerProvider通过构造器驻入</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>3</td> 
   <td>调用DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper start 方法加载Docket插件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>解析RequestHandlerProvider并将数据存到DocumentationCache中</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>请求Swagger2Controller 的v2/api-docs接口，通过groupName从DocumentationCache中将数据取出，在将数据统一封装到Swagger类中，序列化成json返回给</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 报错二：No operations defined in spec! ##

![在这里插入图片描述][cdba0e19a9114aeca5e3d27f2403fbbc.jpeg_pic_center]

## 解决 ##

**SpringBoot 2.6.0开始，请求路径与SpringMVC处理映射匹配的默认策略已从AntPathMatcher更改为PathPatternParser。可以通过设置spring.mvc.pathmatch.matching-strategy为ant-path-matcher来改变。**

除了basePackage包路径配错以外。以下方案可解决以上问题。

/**
     * swagger 在 springboot 2.6.x 不兼容问题的处理
     *
     */
    @Component
    public class SwaggerBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor
    {
        
        @Override
        public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException
        {
        
            if (bean instanceof WebMvcRequestHandlerProvider || bean instanceof WebFluxRequestHandlerProvider)
            {
        
                customizeSpringfoxHandlerMappings(getHandlerMappings(bean));
            }
            return bean;
        }
    
        private <T extends RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping> void customizeSpringfoxHandlerMappings(List<T> mappings)
        {
        
            List<T> copy = mappings.stream().filter(mapping -> mapping.getPatternParser() == null)
                    .collect(Collectors.toList());
            mappings.clear();
            mappings.addAll(copy);
        }
    
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        private List<RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping> getHandlerMappings(Object bean)
        {
        
            try
            {
        
                Field field = ReflectionUtils.findField(bean.getClass(), "handlerMappings");
                field.setAccessible(true);
                return (List<RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping>) field.get(bean);
            }
            catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException e)
            {
        
                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
            }
        }
    }

配置：

spring:
      mvc:
        pathmatch:
          matching-strategy: ant_path_matcher

![在这里插入图片描述][5e1b731011d04f1b8b5bb34319048090.png]

心如欲壑，后土难填。

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[cdba0e19a9114aeca5e3d27f2403fbbc.jpeg_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/25/aa9e6c53cf034f8eb9fdc2d295b06258.png
[5e1b731011d04f1b8b5bb34319048090.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/25/d45db201037f4996b8a0587ce034737d.png