SpringCloud详解02-分布式架构

叁歲伎倆 2024-03-25 15:40 91阅读 0赞

## 系列文章目录 ##

SpringCloud详解01

--------------------

#### 文章目录 ####

*  系列文章目录
 *  前言
 *  一、入门案例
 *   *  1.创建maven父工程
     *  2.创建子工程 springcloudalibaba-micro-service-commons
     *  3.创建子工程 springcloudalibaba-micro-service-provider-7070
     *  4.创建子工程 springcloudalibaba-micro-service-consumer-8080
 *  二、测试
 *  总结

--------------------

## 前言 ##

接着上篇的详解01继续

--------------------

## 一、入门案例 ##

> 因为最新版的某些组件已经不再更新了，此次案例使用的版本是

*  Spring Boot Version： 2.3.2.RELEASE
 *  Spring Cloud Version：Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR9
 *  Spring Cloud Alibaba Version：2.2.6.RELEASE

> 接下来，创建分布式模拟案例，我会在一个父工程下创建三个子工程，充当三个服务

### 1.创建maven父工程 ###

使用IDEA创建一个maven项目，命名为：springcloudalibaba-micro-service-manager，然后导入以下依赖：

<packaging>pom</packaging>
    
      <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> 
      </parent>
    
      <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
          </dependency>
    
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR9</version>
          </dependency>
        </dependencies>
      </dependencyManagement>

需要注意的是，要修改父工程的打包方式为pom，并且父工程不要留src文件目录，只留一个pom.xml文件即可，第二个依赖会爆红，不过无所谓，不影响代码运行  
整体文件内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
      <groupId>com.lzl</groupId>
      <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-manager</artifactId>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <modules>
        <module>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-commons</module>
        <module>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-provider-7070</module>
        <module>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-consumer-8080</module>
      </modules>
      <packaging>pom</packaging>
    
      <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> 
      </parent>
    
      <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
          </dependency>
    
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR9</version>
          </dependency>
        </dependencies>
      </dependencyManagement>
    
    
    </project>

### 2.创建子工程 springcloudalibaba-micro-service-commons ###

> 在父工程下创建maven子工程springcloudalibaba-micro-service-commons，pom.xml文件如下：

> 这个子工程用来充当基本服务组件的提供，所以我们在该工程下创建实体类和工具类，并填入相关内容，此处我初始化一个UserDto实体类，并copy了一个返回值的工具类过来，内容如下：

UserDto：

package com.lzl.dto;
    
    import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
    import lombok.Data;
    import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
    
    /**
     * --效率，是成功的核心关键--
     *
     * @Author lzl
     * @Date 2023/3/15 15:00
     */
    
    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class UserDto {
        
    
        private Integer id;
        private String name;
    
    }

JsonResult：

package com.lzl.utils;
    import lombok.Data;
    /**
     * --效率，是成功的核心关键--
     *
     * @Author lzl
     * @Date 2023/3/15 15:01
     */
    
    @Data
    public class JsonResult<T> {
        
    
        private Integer code;//状态码
        private String msg;//返回消息说明
        private T data;
    
        /**
         * 成功返回方法
         * @return
         */
        public static JsonResult ok(){
        
            JsonResult jsonResult = new JsonResult<>();
            jsonResult.setCode(200);
            jsonResult.setMsg("success");
    
            return jsonResult;
        }
    
        /**
         * 失败返回方法
         * @return
         */
        public static JsonResult error(){
        
            JsonResult jsonResult = new JsonResult<>();
            jsonResult.setCode(-1);
            jsonResult.setMsg("fail");
    
            return jsonResult;
        }
    
    }

目录如下：  
![在这里插入图片描述][9ac44fdadf3d4b1383464006f5b818fb.png]

### 3.创建子工程 springcloudalibaba-micro-service-provider-7070 ###

> 在父工程下创建子工程springcloudalibaba-micro-service-provider-7070，pom.xml文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-manager</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.lzl</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-provider-7070</artifactId>
    
        <dependencies>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.lzl</groupId>
                <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-commons</artifactId>
                <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
    
    
    </project>

> 配置yml文件：

spring:
      application:
        name: provider
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            register-enabled: true
            server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
    server:
      port: 7070

> 作为服务提供方，需要提供功能方法的具体实现，这里我简化一下，不再编写service层，直接在controller层模拟数据库查询功能

package com.lzl.controller;
    
    import com.lzl.dto.UserDto;
    import com.lzl.utils.JsonResult;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
    
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.List;
    /**
     * --效率，是成功的核心关键--
     *
     * @Author lzl
     * @Date 2023/3/15 15:19
     */
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("user-provider")
    public class UserController {
        
    
        @RequestMapping("findAll")
        public JsonResult findAll(){
        
            //模拟数据库中的数据
            List<UserDto> userList = Arrays.asList(
                    new UserDto(1001, "张三"),
                    new UserDto(1002, "李四"),
                    new UserDto(1003, "王五")
            );
    
            JsonResult jsonResult = JsonResult.ok();
            jsonResult.setData(userList);
    
            return jsonResult;
        }
    
    }

> 创建启动类，开启服务扫描

package com.lzl;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    /**
     * --效率，是成功的核心关键--
     *
     * @Author lzl
     * @Date 2023/3/15 15:20
     */
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient//发现服务
    public class ProviderApplication {
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
        
            SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class,args);
        }
    }

目录结构如下：  
![在这里插入图片描述][eeb65ed6ea7643d09308cf992197c394.png]

### 4.创建子工程 springcloudalibaba-micro-service-consumer-8080 ###

> 在父工程下创建子工程 springcloudalibaba-micro-service-consumer-8080作为服务消费，pom.xml文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-manager</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.lzl</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-consumer-8080</artifactId>
    
        <dependencies>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.lzl</groupId>
                <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-commons</artifactId>
                <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
    </project>

> yml配置文件

spring:
      application:
        name: consumer
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            register-enabled: true
            server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
    server:
      port: 8081

> 添加配置类WebConfig

package com.lzl.config;
    
    import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
    import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    /**
     * --效率，是成功的核心关键--
     *
     * @Author lzl
     * @Date 2023/3/15 15:11
     */
    @Configuration
    public class WebConfig {
        
        @Bean
        public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    
    }

> controller

package com.lzl.controller;
    
    import com.lzl.utils.JsonResult;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    
    import java.util.List;
    /**
     * --效率，是成功的核心关键--
     *
     * @Author lzl
     * @Date 2023/3/15 15:12
     */
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("user-consumer")
    public class UserController {
        
    
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;//调用服务
    
        @Autowired
        private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;//获取服务参数
    
        //消费方应该调用生产方的服务
       
        @RequestMapping("findAll")
        public JsonResult findAll(){
        
           //获取服务提供方的ip，端口
           //通过名称去获取
          List<ServiceInstance> provider = discoveryClient.getInstances("provider");
            //服务提供方对象
          ServiceInstance serviceInstance = provider.get(0);
            //拿ip
          String host = serviceInstance.getHost();
           //拿端口
          int port = serviceInstance.getPort();
            //访问地址
          String url = "http://" + host + ":" + port + "/user-provider/findAll";
            //调用服务
          JsonResult jsonResult = restTemplate.getForObject(url, JsonResult.class);
    
          return jsonResult;
        }
    
    }

> 设置启动类

package com.lzl;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
    
    /**
     * --效率，是成功的核心关键--
     *
     * @Author lzl
     * @Date 2023/3/15 15:16
     */
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient//服务扫描注解
    public class ConsumerApplication {
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
        
            SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class,args);
    
        }
    }

> 整体的目录结构如下

![在这里插入图片描述][06d5bca83dd54a7e930e955bfbced754.png]

ps：马赛克部分是其它的功能

## 二、测试 ##

> 首先打开我们的nacos，出现运行成功界面，然后在浏览器访问http://localhost:8848/nacos/\#/login，输入默认的帐号密码，进入，

![在这里插入图片描述][a36d00cbf1df45989860419619e980c5.png]

> 然后在IDEA启动提供服务方springcloudalibaba-micro-service-provider-7070，接着启动服务消费方springcloudalibaba-micro-service-consumer-8080

> 启动成功后访问http://localhost:8081/user-consumer/findAll

![在这里插入图片描述][3195e194f97a48c7a66b748ba66ef831.png]

成功

--------------------

## 总结 ##

本篇主要记录了nacos和分布式架构的模拟案例，接下来的内容会在下一篇更新

[9ac44fdadf3d4b1383464006f5b818fb.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/25/00967f71ff644df8a88225e087dd901a.png
[eeb65ed6ea7643d09308cf992197c394.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/25/0eb32a88948c48ad8698570d1d9a058e.png
[06d5bca83dd54a7e930e955bfbced754.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/25/96a285b8427141b89f2cf81197e488b3.png
[a36d00cbf1df45989860419619e980c5.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/25/04edd9c406114104880b318ee7891686.png
[3195e194f97a48c7a66b748ba66ef831.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/25/7be6e45cf36f4dd7a583d1c2ff96a7e3.png