CentOS8 网卡命令使用|CentOS8 重启网卡方法

桃扇骨 2024-03-27 10:08 217阅读 0赞

CentOS8 网卡命令使用|CentOS8 重启网卡方法

nmcli命令整理

概述

因为CentOS 8 弃用network.service，采用NetworkManager(NM)为网卡启用命令。当然，CentOS 8 可以安装network.service作为网卡服务，但为了适应版本，此次还是得介绍NM命令的使用，同时CentOS7也支持nmcli命令image.png

特性

可自动补全

另一种形式的ifconfig

命令介绍

nmcli

image.pngimage.png

总命令介绍

nmcliimage.png

  1. nmcli
  2. enp2s0: connected to enp2s0                                              #网卡名称
  3.         "Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411"                                      #网卡驱动，型号
  4.         ethernet (r8169), 18:60:24:75:C0:CD, hw, mtu 1500              #网卡详细信息
  5.         ip4 default                                                      #默认ipv4配置
  6.         inet4 10.191.142.7/24                                          #设置的ip地址以及子网掩码
  7.         route4 10.191.142.0/24                                          #网关 
  8.         route4 0.0.0.0/0                                              #网关 
  9.         inet6 fe80::1a60:24ff:fe75:c0cd/64                              #ipv6无设置                  
  10.         route6 fe80::/64                                              #ipv6网关无设置
  11.         route6 ff00::/8                                                  #ipv6网关无设置
  13. wlp3s0: disconnected
  14.         "Intel Wireless-AC 3168NGW"
  15.         wifi (iwlwifi), B6:36:E1:E5:A3:F2, hw, mtu 1500
  17. p2p-dev-wlp3s0: disconnected
  18.         "p2p-dev-wlp3s0"
  19.         wifi-p2p, hw
  21. virbr0: unmanaged
  22.         "virbr0"
  23.         bridge, 52:54:00:1D:7F:97, sw, mtu 1500
  25. lo: unmanaged                                                        #本地连接默认为umanaged
  26.         "lo"
  27.         loopback (unknown), 00:00:00:00:00:00, sw, mtu 65536
  29. virbr0-nic: unmanaged
  30.         "virbr0-nic"
  31.         tun, 52:54:00:1D:7F:97, sw, mtu 1500
  33. DNS configuration:                                                    #DNS服务器设置
  34.         servers: 10.191.142.129 202.205.160.3 219.142.50.126
  35.         interface: enp2s0
  37. Use "nmcli device show" to get complete information about known devices and
  38. "nmcli connection show" to get an overview on active connection profiles.
  40. Consult nmcli(1) and nmcli-examples(7) manual pages for complete usage details.

查看命令整理

查看网卡
查看网卡设备信息

nmcli

[见“总命令介绍” ](### 总命令介绍)

查看网卡设备详细信息

nmcli device show / nmcli device show enp2s0

  1. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli device show
  2. GENERAL.DEVICE:                         enp2s0
  3. GENERAL.TYPE:                           ethernet
  4. GENERAL.HWADDR:                         18:60:24:75:C0:CD
  5. GENERAL.MTU:                            1500
  6. GENERAL.STATE:                          100 (connected)
  7. GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     enp2s0
  8. GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1
  9. WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER:               on
  10. IP4.ADDRESS[1]:                         10.191.142.7/24
  11. IP4.GATEWAY:                            10.191.142.1
  12. IP4.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = 10.191.142.0/24, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 100
  13. IP4.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = 0.0.0.0/0, nh = 10.191.142.1, mt = 100
  14. IP4.DNS[1]:                             10.191.142.129
  15. IP4.DNS[2]:                             202.205.160.3
  16. IP4.DNS[3]:                             219.142.50.126
  17. IP6.ADDRESS[1]:                         fe80::1a60:24ff:fe75:c0cd/64
  18. IP6.GATEWAY:                            --
  19. IP6.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = fe80::/64, nh = ::, mt = 100
  20. IP6.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = ff00::/8, nh = ::, mt = 256, table=255
  22. GENERAL.DEVICE:                         wlp3s0
  23. GENERAL.TYPE:                           wifi
  24. GENERAL.HWADDR:                         F2:10:DB:8E:57:EB
  25. GENERAL.MTU:                            1500
  26. GENERAL.STATE:                          30 (disconnected)
  27. GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     --
  28. GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       --
  30. GENERAL.DEVICE:                         p2p-dev-wlp3s0
  31. GENERAL.TYPE:                           wifi-p2p
  32. GENERAL.HWADDR:                         (unknown)
  33. GENERAL.MTU:                            0
  34. GENERAL.STATE:                          30 (disconnected)
  35. GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     --
  36. GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       --
  38. GENERAL.DEVICE:                         virbr0
  39. GENERAL.TYPE:                           bridge
  40. GENERAL.HWADDR:                         52:54:00:1D:7F:97
  41. GENERAL.MTU:                            1500
  42. GENERAL.STATE:                          10 (unmanaged)
  43. GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     --
  44. GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       --
  46. GENERAL.DEVICE:                         lo
  47. GENERAL.TYPE:                           loopback
  48. GENERAL.HWADDR:                         00:00:00:00:00:00
  49. GENERAL.MTU:                            65536
  50. GENERAL.STATE:                          10 (unmanaged)
  51. GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     --
  52. GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       --
  53. IP4.ADDRESS[1]:                         127.0.0.1/8
  54. IP4.GATEWAY:                            --
  55. IP6.ADDRESS[1]:                         ::1/128
  56. IP6.GATEWAY:                            --
  57. IP6.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = ::1/128, nh = ::, mt = 256
  59. GENERAL.DEVICE:                         virbr0-nic
  60. GENERAL.TYPE:                           tun
  61. GENERAL.HWADDR:                         52:54:00:1D:7F:97
  62. GENERAL.MTU:                            1500
  63. GENERAL.STATE:                          10 (unmanaged)
  64. GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     --
  65. GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       --

image.pngimage.png

网卡相关信息查看
查看网卡设备状态
  1. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli device status                                     #查看网卡设备状态
  2. DEVICE          TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION 
  3. enp2s0          ethernet  connected     enp2s0     
  4. wlp3s0          wifi      disconnected  --         
  5. p2p-dev-wlp3s0  wifi-p2p  disconnected  --         
  6. virbr0          bridge    unmanaged     --         
  7. lo              loopback  unmanaged     --         
  8. virbr0-nic      tun       unmanaged     --         
  9. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show                                    #查看网卡信息                    
  10. NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
  11. enp2s0  0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  enp2s0 
  12. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli con show                                        #查看网卡信息
  13. NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
  14. enp2s0  0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  enp2s0 
  15. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli c show                                            #查看网卡信息
  16. NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
  17. enp2s0  0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  enp2s0 
  18. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli c                                                 #查看网卡信息
  19. NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
  20. enp2s0  0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  enp2s0

image.png

image.png

查看所有活动连接
  1. [root@GKFZ ~]# nmcli connection show                                        #查看所有连接
  2. NAME             UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE          
  3. em1              be94ea60-4cc5-41ab-9331-dd680beed08f  ethernet  em1             
  4. br-00c37415a37a  0875ceb9-e285-40a6-9bed-3d09cbf3c588  bridge    br-00c37415a37a 
  5. em2              406f7d44-ce8f-4c9d-9285-b7edc7f8ea8d  ethernet  em2             
  6. em3              3dc981b1-67df-4201-ae7b-07e608f8f47e  ethernet  em3             
  7. em4              4e6a1d72-617e-4d3e-b71d-23563ab1efea  ethernet  -- 
  9. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  12. [root@CentOS8 ~]#  nmcli connection show --active                            #查看所有活动连接
  13. NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
  14. enp2s0  0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  enp2s0

image.png

image.png

查看网卡信息
  1. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli c show enp2s0                        #查看指定网卡具体信息
  3. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli con show enp2s0                        #查看指定网卡具体信息
  5. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show enp2s0                #查看指定网卡具体信息
  6. connection.id:                          enp2s0
  7. connection.uuid:                        0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb
  8. connection.stable-id:                   --
  9. connection.type:                        802-3-ethernet
  10. connection.interface-name:              enp2s0
  11. connection.autoconnect:                 yes
  12. connection.autoconnect-priority:        0
  13. connection.autoconnect-retries:         -1 (default)
  14. connection.multi-connect:               0 (default)
  15. connection.auth-retries:                -1
  16. connection.timestamp:                   1634019437
  17. connection.read-only:                   no
  18. connection.permissions:                 --
  19. connection.zone:                        --
  20. connection.master:                      --
  21. connection.slave-type:                  --
  22. connection.autoconnect-slaves:          -1 (default)
  23. connection.secondaries:                 --
  24. connection.gateway-ping-timeout:        0
  25. connection.metered:                     unknown
  26. connection.lldp:                        default
  27. connection.mdns:                        -1 (default)
  28. connection.llmnr:                       -1 (default)
  29. connection.wait-device-timeout:         -1
  30. 802-3-ethernet.port:                    --
  31. 802-3-ethernet.speed:                   0
  32. 802-3-ethernet.duplex:                  --
  33. 802-3-ethernet.auto-negotiate:          no
  34. 802-3-ethernet.mac-address:             --
  35. 802-3-ethernet.cloned-mac-address:      --
  36. 802-3-ethernet.generate-mac-address-mask:--
  37. 802-3-ethernet.mac-address-blacklist:   --
  38. 802-3-ethernet.mtu:                     auto
  39. 802-3-ethernet.s390-subchannels:        --
  40. 802-3-ethernet.s390-nettype:            --
  41. 802-3-ethernet.s390-options:            --
  42. 802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan:             default
  43. 802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan-password:    --
  44. ipv4.method:                            manual
  45. ipv4.dns:                               10.191.142.129,202.205.160.3,219.142.50.126

image.png

启动、停止与重载

  1. [root@GKFZ ~]# nmcli connection up em1                                                 # 启用网卡enp2s0
  2. Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/17)
  5. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection down enp2s0                                        # 停用网卡enp2s0--若已配置开机自动连接，重启后可被自动激活
  6. Connection 'enp2s0' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)
  9. [root@GKFZ ~]# nmcli device disconnect em1                                             # 停用网卡enp2s0--重启后也不能自动激活
  10. Device 'em1' successfully disconnected.
  13. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection reload enp2s0                                    # 重启网卡命令

image.png

添加与删除

  1. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection add type ethernet con-name eth-winjay ifname enp2s0             
  2.         #添加一个名为eth-winjay的网卡连接，_____于enp2s0；配置文件目录/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/* ，添加配置时，自动生成网卡配置文件
  3. Connection 'eth-winjay' (f1c6cced-502d-45da-9e04-cde129ad4237) successfully added.
  4. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show
  5. NAME        UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
  6. enp2s0      0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  enp2s0 
  7. eth-winjay  f1c6cced-502d-45da-9e04-cde129ad4237  ethernet  --
  8. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection up eth-winjay            #网卡切换了，原enp2s0连接已断开，启用了eth-winjay这个新连接以上网

image.png

可以看到原enp2s0连接已断开。

  1. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show
  2. NAME        UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
  3. eth-winjay  f1c6cced-502d-45da-9e04-cde129ad4237  ethernet  enp2s0 
  4. enp2s0      0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  --

image.png

  1. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection delete eth-winjay                                         #删除eth-winja这个连接
  2. Connection 'eth-winjay' (f1c6cced-502d-45da-9e04-cde129ad4237) successfully deleted.
  3. [root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show --active
  4. NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
  5. enp2s0  0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb  ethernet  enp2s0

image.png

配置

修改的是网卡配置文件

  1. nmcli connection modify enp2s0 connection.autoconnect yes                                    #设置为自启动网卡(ONBOOT=yes)
  2. nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.123.206/24            #设置IP地址获取方式是手动(BOOTPROTO=none)
  3. nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.method auto                                                #设置IP地址获取方式是DHCP(BOOTPROTO=dhcp)
  4. nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.addresses 10.191.142.8/24                                #修改IP地址(IPADDR=10.191.142.8 PREFIX=24)
  5. nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.gateway 10.191.142.0                                    #修改网关(GATEWAY=10.191.142.0)
  6. nmcli connection modify enp2s0 +ipv4.addresses 10.191.142.6/24                                #添加第二个IP地址(IPADDR1=172.16.10.10 PREFIX1=24)
  7. nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.dns 10.191.142.9                                        #添加DNS(DNS1=10.191.142.9)
  8. nmcli connection modify enp2s0 +ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8                                            #添加第二个DNS(DNS2=8.8.8.8)
  9. nmcli connection modify enp2s0 -ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8                                            #删除第二个DNS(DNS2=8.8.8.8)

image.png

linux 关闭virbr0网卡

  1. ifconfig virbr0 down                         #关闭virbr0网卡
  2. brctl delbr virbr0                          #删除virbr0网卡
  3. systemctl disable libvirtd.service          #因为虚拟网卡是libvirtd服务创建的，而该服务在Linux中没有太大用处

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