微软 MFC 官方文档：https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/mfc/mfc-desktop-applications?view=vs-2019

MFC 层次结构图以及下载地址：https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/mfc/hierarchy-chart?view=vs-2019
VC6.0/VS2005/VS2010/VS2012/VS2013/VS2015的MFC类库继承图：
https://download.csdn.net/download/freeking101/11803983

微软 MSDN 帮助文档：https://msdn.microsoft.com/library

MFC Widnows程序设计第二版(带源码)：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1SL6KEL0rv0KxktYEZnDATw 提取码：2c43

MFC 层次结构图

1. 下图表示 派生自 MFC 类 CObject ：

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1. 下图表示 派生自 MFC 类 CWnd 和 CCmdTarget :

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1. 下图表示不是 派生自 MFC 类CObject:

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1.1 Windows 编程模型

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SDK应用程序与 MFC应用程序运行过程的对比：

http://www.jizhuomi.com/software/145.html

实例代码：

#include <windows.h>
LONG WINAPI WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd)
{
    WNDCLASS wc;
    HWND hwnd;
    MSG msg;
    wc.style = 0;                       //类样式
    wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc;  //window 程序地址
    wc.cbClsExtra = 0;                  //类  额外的字节
    wc.cbWndExtra = 0;                  //window  额外的字节
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;           //实例句柄 
    wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO);  //图标句柄
    wc.hCursor = LoadIcon(NULL, IDC_ARROW);  //鼠标句柄
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1); // 背景颜色
    wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;           //菜单名
    wc.lpszClassName = "MyWndClass";  //WNDCLASS 名
    RegisterClass(&wc);
    hwnd = CreateWindow(
        "MyWndClass",        //WNDCLASS 名
        "SDK_Application",   //window title
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, //window style
        CW_USEDEFAULT,       //水平位置
        CW_USEDEFAULT,       //垂直位置
        CW_USEDEFAULT,       //初始化宽度
        CW_USEDEFAULT,       //初始化高度
        HWND_DESKTOP,        //父窗口句柄
        NULL,                //菜单句柄
        hInstance,           //应用程序的 实例 句柄
        NULL                 //window 创建数据
    );
    ShowWindow(hwnd, nShowCmd);
    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }
    return msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC hdc;
    switch (message)
    {
        case WM_PAINT:
            hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
            Ellipse(hdc, 0, 0, 200, 100);
            EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
            return 0;
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            return 0;
    }
    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

运行截图：

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程序解释：

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示例代码 2：

#include <windows.h>    
LRESULT CALLBACK myWndProc(HWND hWindow, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
    const static TCHAR appName[] = TEXT("Hello world");
    WNDCLASSEX myWin;
    myWin.cbSize = sizeof(myWin);
    myWin.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    myWin.lpfnWndProc = myWndProc;
    myWin.cbClsExtra = 0;
    myWin.cbWndExtra = 0;
    myWin.hInstance = hInstance;
    myWin.hIcon = 0;
    myWin.hIconSm = 0;
    myWin.hCursor = 0;
    myWin.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
    myWin.lpszMenuName = 0;
    myWin.lpszClassName = appName;
    //Register      
    if (!RegisterClassEx(&myWin)) return 0;
    const HWND hWindow = CreateWindow(
        appName,
        appName,
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        0,
        0,
        hInstance,
        0);
    ShowWindow(hWindow, iCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hWindow);
    {
        MSG msg;
        while (GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
        return (int)msg.wParam;
    }
}
LRESULT CALLBACK myWndProc(HWND hWindow, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    if (msg == WM_PAINT)
    {
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        const HDC hDC = BeginPaint(hWindow, &ps);
        RECT rect;
        GetClientRect(hWindow, &rect);
        DrawText(hDC, TEXT("HELLO WORLD"), -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
        EndPaint(hWindow, &ps);
        return 0;
    }
    else if (msg == WM_DESTROY)
    {
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;
    }
    return DefWindowProc(hWindow, msg, wParam, lParam);
}

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1.3 第一个 MFC 程序

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源代码：

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hello.h

class CMyApp : public CWinApp
{
public:
    virtual BOOL InitInstance ();
};
class CMainWindow : public CFrameWnd
{
public:
    CMainWindow ();
protected:
    afx_msg void OnPaint ();
    DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP ()
};

MFC 中 afx_msg 是什么，afx_msg void function() 是什么意思：https://www.cnblogs.com/linkzijun/p/6196165.html

hello.cpp

#include <afxwin.h>
#include "Hello.h"
CMyApp myApp;
/
// CMyApp member functions
BOOL CMyApp::InitInstance ()
{
    m_pMainWnd = new CMainWindow;
    m_pMainWnd->ShowWindow (m_nCmdShow);
    m_pMainWnd->UpdateWindow ();
    return TRUE;
}
/
// CMainWindow message map and member functions
BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP (CMainWindow, CFrameWnd)
    ON_WM_PAINT ()
END_MESSAGE_MAP ()
CMainWindow::CMainWindow ()
{
    Create (NULL, _T ("The Hello Application"));
}
void CMainWindow::OnPaint ()
{
    CPaintDC dc (this);
    CRect rect;
    GetClientRect (&rect);
    dc.DrawText (_T ("Hello, MFC"), -1, &rect,
        DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
}