AJAX | 拦截器、文件上传和下载

川长思鸟来 2024-04-22 19:13 44阅读 0赞

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> [?wei\_shuo的个人主页][wei_shuo]
> 
> ?[wei\_shuo的学习社区][wei_shuo 1]
> 
> ?Hello World ！

--------------------

### AJAX ###

> Ajax即Asynchronous Javascript And XML（异步JavaScript和XML）；Ajax技术网页应用能够快速地将增量更新呈现在用户界面上，不需要重载（刷新）整个页面，使程序能够更快地回应用户的操作

### 伪造AJAX ###

>  *  web.xml
> 
>     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
>     <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
>              xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
>              xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
>              version="4.0">
>     
>         <servlet>
>             <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
>             <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
>             <init-param>
>                 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
>                 <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
>             </init-param>
>             <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
>         </servlet>
>         <servlet-mapping>
>             <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
>             <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
>         </servlet-mapping>
>     
>         <filter>
>             <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
>             <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
>             <init-param>
>                 <param-name>encoding</param-name>
>                 <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
>             </init-param>
>         </filter>
>         <filter-mapping>
>             <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
>             <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
>         </filter-mapping>
>     </web-app>
> 
>  *  applicationContext.xml
> 
>     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
>     <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
>            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
>            xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
>            xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
>            xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
>     
>         
>         <context:component-scan base-package="com.wei.controller"/>
>     
>         
>         <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
>     
>         
>         <mvc:annotation-driven/>
>     
>         
>         <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
>             
>             <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
>             
>             <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
>         </bean>
>     
>     </beans>
> 
>  *  AjaxController类
> 
>     package com.wei.controller;
>     
>     import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
>     import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
>     
>     import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
>     import java.io.IOException;
>     
>     @RestController
>     public class AjaxController {
>          
>     
>         @RequestMapping("/t1")
>         public String test(){
>          
>             return "hello";
>         }
>     
>         @RequestMapping("/a1")
>         public void a1(String name, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
>          
>             System.out.println("a1:param=>"+name);
>             if ("weishuo".equals(name)){
>          
>                 response.getWriter().print("True");
>             }else {
>          
>                 response.getWriter().print("False");
>             }
>         }
>     }
> 
>  *  test.html
> 
>     <!DOCTYPE html>
>     <html lang="en">
>     <head>
>         <meta charset="UTF-8">
>         <title>iframe测试体验页面无刷新</title>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>     
>     <div>
>         <p>请输入地址:</p>
>         <p>
>             <input type="text" id="url" value="https://www.csdn.net/">
>             <input type="button" value="提交" onclick="go()">
>         </p>
>     </div>
>     
>     <div>
>         <iframe id="iframe" style="width: 100%;height: 500px"></iframe>
>     </div>
>     
>     <script>
>         function go(){
>            
>             var url = document.getElementById("url").value;
>             document.getElementById("iframe").src=url;
>         }
>     </script>
>     </body>
>     </html>
> 
>  *  index.jsp
> 
>     <%--
>       Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
>       User: ws199
>       Date: 2022/12/15
>       Time: 17:02
>       To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
>     --%>
>     <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
>     <html>
>     <head>
>         <title>$Title$</title>
>     
>         <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.6.2.js"></script>
>     
>         <script>
>             function a() {
>                 $.post({
>                     url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a1",
>                     data: {"name": $("#username").val()},
>                     success: function (data,status) {
>                         console.log("data=" + data);
>                         console.log("status=" + status);
>                     }
>                 })
>             }
>         </script>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>     
>     <%--失去焦点的时候，发起一个请求到后台--%>
>     用户名：<input type="text" id="username" οnblur="a()">
>     
>     </body>
>     </html>
> 
> 启动tomcat测试！打开浏览器的控制台，当我们鼠标离开输入框的时候，可以看到发出了一个ajax的请求

### AJAX异步加载数据 ###

>  *  user类
> 
>     package com.wei.pojo;
>     
>     import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
>     import lombok.Data;
>     import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
>     
>     @Data
>     @AllArgsConstructor
>     @NoArgsConstructor
>     public class User {
>          
>         private String name;
>         private int age;
>         private String sex;
>     }
> 
>  *  AjaxController类
> 
>     @RequestMapping("/a2")
>     public List<User> a2(){
>          
>         List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
>         //添加数据
>         userList.add(new User("wei_shuo",18,"男"));
>         userList.add(new User("wei",17,"女"));
>         userList.add(new User("shuo",8,"男"));
>         return userList;
>     }
> 
>  *  前端jsp页面
> 
>     <%--
>       Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
>       User: ws199
>       Date: 2022/12/17
>       Time: 15:28
>       To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
>     --%>
>     <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
>     <html>
>     <head>
>         <title>Title</title>
>         <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.6.2.js"></script>
>         <script>
>             $(function () {
>                 $("#btn").click(function () {
>                     $.post("${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a2", function (data) {
>                         console.log(data)
>                         var html = "";
>     
>                         for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
>                             html += "<tr>" +
>                                 "<td>" + data[i].name + "</td>" +
>                                 "<td>" + data[i].age + "</td>" +
>                                 "<td>" + data[i].sex + "</td>" +
>                                 "</tr>"
>                         }
>                         $("#content").html(html);
>                     })
>                 })
>             });
>         </script>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>     
>     <input type="button" value="加载数据" id="btn">
>     
>     <table>
>         <tr>
>             <td>姓名</td>
>             <td>年龄</td>
>             <td>性别</td>
>         </tr>
>         <tbody id="content">
>         <%--数据：后台--%>
>     
>         </tbody>
>     </table>
>     </body>
>     </html>

### AJAX验证用户名 ###

>  *  AjaxController类
> 
>     @RequestMapping("/a3")
>     public String a3(String name, String pwd) {
>          
>         String msg = "";
>         if (name != null) {
>          
>             if ("Admin".equals(name)) {
>          
>                 msg = "OK";
>             } else {
>          
>                 msg = "用户名输入错误";
>             }
>         }
>     
>         if (pwd != null) {
>          
>             if ("123456".equals(pwd)) {
>          
>                 msg = "OK";
>             } else {
>          
>                 msg = "密码输入错误";
>             }
>         }
>         return msg;
>     }
> 
>  *  login.jsp页面
> 
>     <%--
>       Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
>       User: ws199
>       Date: 2022/12/20
>       Time: 9:01
>       To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
>     --%>
>     <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
>     <html>
>     <head>
>         <title>Title</title>
>         <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.6.2.js"></script>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>     
>     <p>
>         用户名：<input type="text" id="name" οnblur="a1()">
>         <span id="userInfo"></span>
>     </p>
>     <p>
>         密码：<input type="text" id="pwd" οnblur="a2()">
>         <span id="pwdInfo"></span>
>     </p>
>     
>     <script>
>         function a1() {
>             $.post({
>                 url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a3",
>                 data: {"name": $("#name").val()},
>                 success: function (data) {
>                     if (data.toString() === 'OK') {
>                         $("#userInfo").css("color", "green");
>                     } else {
>                         $("#userInfo").css("color", "red");
>                     }
>                     $("#userInfo").html(data);
>                 }
>             })
>         }
>     
>         function a2() {
>             $.post({
>                 url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a3",
>                 data: {"pwd": $("#pwd").val()},
>                 success: function (data) {
>                     if (data.toString() === 'OK') {
>                         $("#pwdInfo").css("color", "green");
>                     } else {
>                         $("#pwdInfo").css("color", "red");
>                     }
>                     $("#pwdInfo").html(data);
>                 }
>             })
>         }
>     </script>
>     
>     </body>
>     </html>

>  *  AjaxController类
> 
>     @RequestMapping("/a4")
>     public String a4(String name, String pwd) {
>          
>         String msg = "";
>         if (name != null && pwd != null) {
>          
>             if ("Admin".equals(name) && "123456".equals(pwd)) {
>          
>                 msg = "OK";
>             } else {
>          
>                 msg = "用户名或者密码输入错误";
>             }
>         }
>         return msg;
>     }
> 
>  *  login.jsp页面
> 
>     <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
>     <html>
>     <head>
>         <title>Title</title>
>         <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.6.2.js"></script>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>     
>     <p>
>         用户名：<input type="text" id="name" οnblur="Login()">
>         <span id="UserPwdInfo"></span>
>     </p>
>     <p>
>         密码：<input type="text" id="pwd" οnblur="Login()">
>     </p>
>     
>     <script>
>         function Login() {
>             $.post({
>                 url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a4",
>                 data: {"name": $("#name").val(),"pwd":$("#pwd").val()},
>                 success: function (data) {
>                     if (data.toString() === 'OK') {
>                         $("#UserPwdInfo").css("color", "green");
>                     } else {
>                         $("#UserPwdInfo").css("color", "red");
>                     }
>                     $("#UserPwdInfo").html(data);
>                 }
>             })
>         }
>     </script>
>     
>     </body>
>     </html>

### 拦截器 ###

#### 概述 ####

> SpringMVC的处理器拦截器类似于Servlet开发中的过滤器Filter,用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理。开发者可以自己定义一些拦截器来实现特定的功能

#### 过滤器 ####

>  *  servlet规范中的一部分，任何java web工程都可以使用
>  *  在url-pattern中配置了/\*之后，可以对所有要访问的资源进行拦截

#### 拦截器 ####

>  *  拦截器是SpringMVC框架自己的，只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用
>  *  拦截器只会拦截访问的控制器方法， 如果访问的是jsp/html/css/image/js是不会进行拦截的

>  *  拦截器MyInterceptor类
> 
>     package com.wei.config;
>     
>     import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
>     import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
>     
>     import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
>     import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
>     
>     public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
>          
>     
>         //在请求处理的方法之前执行
>         //  return true 执行下一个拦截器
>         //  return false 不执行下一个拦截器
>         @Override
>         public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
>          
>             System.out.println("======处理前======");
>             return true;
>         }
>     
>         //在请求处理方法执行之后执行
>         @Override
>         public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
>          
>             System.out.println("======处理后======");
>         }
>     
>         //dispatcherServlet处理后执行,做清理工作
>         @Override
>         public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
>          
>             System.out.println("======清理======");
>         }
>     }
> 
>  *  applicationContext.xml拦截器配置
> 
>     
>     <mvc:interceptors>
>         <mvc:interceptor>
>             
>             <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
>             
>             <bean class="com.wei.config.MyInterceptor"/>
>         </mvc:interceptor>
>     </mvc:interceptors>
> 
>  *  TestController测试
> 
>     @RestController
>     public class TestController {
>          
>         @GetMapping("t1")
>         public String test(){
>          
>             System.out.println("TestController==Test");
>             return "OK";
>         }
> 
>  *  结果
> 
>     ======处理前======
>     TestController==Test
>     ======处理后======
>     ======清理======

### 登录判断验证 ###

>  *  index.jsp
> 
>     <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
>     <html>
>       <head>
>         <title>$Title$</title>
>       </head>
>       <body>
>     
>       <h1><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/goLogin">登录页面</a></h1>
>       <h1><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/main">首页</a></h1>
>     
>       </body>
>     </html>
> 
>  *  main.jsp
> 
>     <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
>     <html>
>     <head>
>         <title>Title</title>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>     
>         <h1>首页</h1>
>         <span>${
>          username}</span>
>         <p>
>             <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/goOut">注销</a>
>         </p>
>     </body>
>     </html>
> 
>  *  login.jsp
> 
>     <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
>     <html>
>     <head>
>         <title>Title</title>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>     <h1>登录页面</h1>
>     <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login" method="post">
>         用户名：<input type="text" name="username"/>
>         密码：<input type="text" name="password"/>
>         <input type="submit" value="提交">
>     </form>
>     </body>
>     </html>
> 
>  *  loginController
> 
>     package com.wei.controller;
>     
>     import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
>     import org.springframework.ui.Model;
>     import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
>     
>     import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
>     
>     @Controller
>     @RequestMapping("user")
>     public class loginController {
>          
>     
>         @RequestMapping("main")
>         public String main(){
>          
>             return "main";
>         }
>     
>         @RequestMapping("goLogin")
>         public String login(){
>          
>             return "login";
>         }
>     
>         @RequestMapping("/login")
>         public String  login(HttpSession session, String username, String password, Model model){
>          
>             session.setAttribute("userLoginInfo",username);
>             model.addAttribute("username",username);
>             return "main";
>         }
>     
>         @RequestMapping("/goOut")
>         public String  goOut(HttpSession session){
>          
>     
>             //销毁session数据
>             //session.invalidate();
>             //移除session数据
>             session.removeAttribute("userLoginInfo");
>     
>             return "main";
>         }
>     }
> 
>  *  拦截器LoginInterceptor.java
> 
>     package com.wei.config;
>     
>     import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
>     
>     import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
>     import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
>     import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
>     
>     public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
>          
>         @Override
>         public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
>          
>             HttpSession session = request.getSession();
>             //判断什么情况，放行
>     
>             //登录页面，放行
>             if (request.getRequestURI().contains("goLogin")){
>          
>                 return true;
>             }
>     
>             //第一次登录，没有session，放行
>             if (request.getRequestURI().contains("login")){
>          
>                 return true;
>             }
>     
>             if (session.getAttribute("userLoginInfo")!=null){
>          
>                 return true;
>             }
>             //判断什么情况，拦截
>             request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
>             return false;
>         }
>     }
> 
>  *  拦截器配置applicationContext.xml
> 
>     <mvc:interceptors>
>         <mvc:interceptor>
>             <mvc:mapping path="/user/**"/>
>             <bean class="com.wei.config.LoginInterceptor"/>
>         </mvc:interceptor>
>     </mvc:interceptors>

### 文件上传和下载 ###

#### 文件上传 ####

>  *  pom.xml导入包
> 
>     <dependencies>
>             
>             <dependency>
>                 <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
>                 <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
>                 <version>1.3.3</version>
>             </dependency>
>             
>             <dependency>
>                 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
>                 <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
>                 <version>4.0.1</version>
>             </dependency>
>         </dependencies>
> 
>  *  applicationContext.xml
> 
>     
>     <bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
>         
>         <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
>         
>         <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
>         <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
>     </bean>
> 
>  *  index.jsp
> 
>     <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
>     <html>
>     <head>
>         <title>$Title$</title>
>     </head>
>     <body>
>     <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
>         <input type="file" name="file"/>
>         <input type="submit" value="upload">
>     </form>
>     </body>
>     </html>
> 
>  *  FileController.java
> 
>     package com.wei.controller;
>     
>     import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
>     import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
>     import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
>     import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
>     
>     import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
>     import java.io.*;
>     
>     @RestController
>     public class FileController {
>          
>     
>         //@RequestParam("file") 将name=file控件得到的文件封装成CommonsMultipartFile 对象
>         //批量上传CommonsMultipartFile则为数组即可
>         @RequestMapping("/upload")
>         public String fileUpload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file , HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
>          
>     
>             //获取文件名 : file.getOriginalFilename();
>             String uploadFileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
>     
>             //如果文件名为空，直接回到首页！
>             if ("".equals(uploadFileName)){
>          
>                 return "redirect:/index.jsp";
>             }
>             System.out.println("上传文件名 : "+uploadFileName);
>     
>             //上传路径保存设置
>             String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
>             //如果路径不存在，创建一个
>             File realPath = new File(path);
>             if (!realPath.exists()){
>          
>                 realPath.mkdir();
>             }
>             System.out.println("上传文件保存地址："+realPath);
>     
>             InputStream is = file.getInputStream(); //文件输入流
>             OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath,uploadFileName)); //文件输出流
>     
>             //读取写出
>             int len=0;
>             byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
>             while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
>          
>                 os.write(buffer,0,len);
>                 os.flush();
>             }
>             os.close();
>             is.close();
>             return "redirect:/index.jsp";
>         }
>     
>         /*
>          * 采用file.Transto 来保存上传的文件
>          */
>         @RequestMapping("/upload2")
>         public String  fileUpload2(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
>          
>     
>             //上传路径保存设置
>             String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
>             File realPath = new File(path);
>             if (!realPath.exists()){
>          
>                 realPath.mkdir();
>             }
>             //上传文件地址
>             System.out.println("上传文件保存地址："+realPath);
>             
>             //通过CommonsMultipartFile的方法直接写文件（注意这个时候）
>             file.transferTo(new File(realPath +"/"+ file.getOriginalFilename()));
>     
>             return "redirect:/index.jsp";
>         }
>     }

#### 文件下载 ####

>  *  FileController.java
> 
>     @RequestMapping(value="/download")
>     public String downloads(HttpServletResponse response ,HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{
>          
>        //要下载的图片地址
>        String  path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
>        String  fileName = "基础语法.jpg";
>     
>        //1、设置response 响应头
>        response.reset(); //设置页面不缓存,清空buffer
>        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //字符编码
>        response.setContentType("multipart/form-data"); //二进制传输数据
>        //设置响应头
>        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
>                "attachment;fileName="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8"));
>     
>        File file = new File(path,fileName);
>        //2、 读取文件--输入流
>        InputStream input=new FileInputStream(file);
>        //3、 写出文件--输出流
>        OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
>     
>        byte[] buff =new byte[1024];
>        int index=0;
>        //4、执行 写出操作
>        while((index= input.read(buff))!= -1){
>          
>            out.write(buff, 0, index);
>            out.flush();
>       }
>        out.close();
>        input.close();
>        return null;
>     }
> 
>  *  index.jsp
> 
>     <a href="/download">点击下载</a>

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> ? 结语：创作不易，如果觉得博主的文章赏心悦目，还请——`点赞`?`收藏`⭐️`评论`?

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![在这里插入图片描述][d3ab6ddb82c2490abc1a7836a1dc557c.gif_pic_center]

[acb8a7e0bf334001af9f95d515c4f452.gif_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/22/a84eced7764f4ca98b425661b8363ad5.gif
[wei_shuo]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_62765017
[wei_shuo 1]: https://bbs.csdn.net/forums/wei_shuo_study
[d3ab6ddb82c2490abc1a7836a1dc557c.gif_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/22/f1b106dade344bf79fee75e067ed6a81.gif