[C/C++]学生管理系统带文件操作

╰+哭是因爲堅強的太久メ 2024-04-24 20:33 67阅读 0赞

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#if 1
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <string.h>
    const int MAX = 100;
    // 定义学生结构体
    typedef struct {
        char name[20];
        char birthday[20];//出生年月
        char jiguna[20];//籍贯
        char phone[20];//手机号
        char gender[10];
        int studentID;
        float score;
    } Student;
    
    // 定义全局变量，存储学生信息
    Student students[MAX];
    int numStudents = 0;
    
    // 加载学生信息文件,读入到结构体
    void loadStudentsFromFile() {
        FILE *file = fopen("D:/JK0112.txt", "r");
        if (file == NULL) {
            printf("无法打开文件！\n");
            return;
        }
        numStudents = 0;
    
        while (fscanf(file, "%d %s %s %s %s %s %f\n", &students[numStudents].studentID, students[numStudents].name, students[numStudents].gender,
                      students[numStudents].birthday,students[numStudents].jiguna,students[numStudents].phone, &students[numStudents].score) ==7) {
            numStudents++;
        }
    
        fclose(file);//文件关闭
    }
    
    // 显示菜单
    void displayMenu() {
        printf("\t \"---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n");
        printf("\t \"|                                 欢迎使用学生管理系统                           |\n");
        printf("\t \"|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n");
        printf("\t \"|            1、查询                     |                 2、排序               |\n");
        printf("\t \"|----------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|\n");
        printf("\t \"|            3、添加                     |                 4、删除               |\n");
        printf("\t \"|----------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|\n");
        printf("\t \"|            5、修改                     |                 6、按性别分割文件     |\n");
        printf("\t \"|----------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|\n");
        printf("\t \"|                                  0、退出系统                                   |\n");
        printf("\t \"---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n");
        printf("请输入选项：");
    }
    
    // 按姓名查询显示
    void searchByName() {
        char name[20];
        printf("请输入要查询的学生姓名：");
        scanf("%s", name);
    
        for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {
            if (strcmp(students[i].name, name) == 0) {
                printf("姓名\t学号\t性别\t籍贯\t出生年月\t电话\t\t\t成绩\n");
                printf("%s\t%d\t%s\t\t%s\t%s\t\t%s\t\t%.2f\n", students[i].name,students[i].studentID, students[i].gender,
                       students[i].jiguna,students[i].birthday,students[i].phone, students[i].score);
            }
        }
    }
    
    // 按学号查询显示
    void searchByStudentID() {
        int studentID;
        printf("请输入要查询的学生学号：");
        scanf("%d", &studentID);
    
        for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {
            if (students[i].studentID == studentID) {
                printf("姓名\t学号\t性别\t籍贯\t出生年月\t电话\t\t\t成绩\n");
                printf("%s\t%d\t%s\t\t%s\t%s\t\t%s\t\t%.2f\n", students[i].name,students[i].studentID, students[i].gender,
                       students[i].jiguna,students[i].birthday,students[i].phone, students[i].score);
                return;
            }
        }
    
        printf("找不到该学号对应的学生信息！\n");
    }
    
    // 显示全部学生信息
    void displayAllStudents() {
        printf("姓名\t学号\t性别\t籍贯\t出生年月\t电话\t\t\t成绩\n");
        for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {
            printf("%s\t%d\t%s\t\t%s\t%s\t\t%s\t\t%.2f\n", students[i].name,students[i].studentID, students[i].gender,
                   students[i].jiguna,students[i].birthday,students[i].phone, students[i].score);
        }
    }
    
    // 按姓名排序
    int compareByName(const void *a, const void *b) {
        Student *studentA = (Student *)a;
        Student *studentB = (Student *)b;
        return strcmp(studentA->name, studentB->name);
    }
    
    // 按成绩排序
    int compareByScore(const void *a, const void *b) {
        Student *studentA = (Student *)a;
        Student *studentB = (Student *)b;
        if (studentA->score > studentB->score) {
            return 1;
        } else if (studentA->score < studentB->score) {
            return -1;
        } else {
            return 0;
        }
    }
    
    // 按姓名排序并显示
    void sortByName() {
        qsort(students, numStudents, sizeof(Student), compareByName);
        displayAllStudents();
    }
    
    // 按成绩排序并显示
    void sortByScore() {
        qsort(students, numStudents, sizeof(Student), compareByScore);
        displayAllStudents();
    }
    
    // 添加新的学生信息
    void addStudent() {
        if (numStudents >= 100) {
            printf("学生信息已满，无法添加！\n");
            return;
        }
    
        //Student newStudent;
        printf("请输入学生姓名：");
        scanf("%s", students[numStudents].name);
    
        printf("请输入学生学号：");
        scanf("%d", &students[numStudents].studentID);
    
        printf("请输入学生性别：");
        scanf("%s", students[numStudents].gender);
    
        printf("请输入学生籍贯：");
        scanf("%s", students[numStudents].jiguna);
    
        printf("请修改学生生日：");
        scanf("%s", students[numStudents].birthday);
    
        printf("请输入学生手机号：");
        scanf("%s", students[numStudents].phone);
    
        printf("请输入学生成绩：");
        scanf("%f", &students[numStudents].score);
    
        for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {
            if (students[i].studentID == students[numStudents].studentID) {
                printf("该学号已存在，无法添加！\n");
                return;
            }
        }
        printf("学生信息添加成功！\n");
        numStudents++;
    }
    
    // 按姓名删除学生信息
    void deleteByName() {
        char name[20];
        printf("请输入要删除的学生姓名：");
        scanf("%s", name);
    
        int found = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {
            if (strcmp(students[i].name, name) == 0) {
                students[i] = students[--numStudents];
                found = 1;
            }
        }
    
        if (found) {
            printf("学生信息删除成功！\n");
        } else {
            printf("找不到该姓名对应的学生信息！\n");
        }
    }
    
    // 按学号删除学生信息
    void deleteByStudentID() {
        int studentID;
        printf("请输入要删除的学生学号：");
        scanf("%d", &studentID);
    
        int found = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {
            if (students[i].studentID == studentID) {
                students[i] = students[--numStudents];
                found = 1;
            }
        }
    
        if (found) {
            printf("学生信息删除成功！\n");
        } else {
            printf("找不到该学号对应的学生信息！\n");
        }
    }
    
    // 修改学生信息
    void modifyStudent() {
        int studentID;
        printf("请输入要修改的学生学号：");
        scanf("%d", &studentID);
    
        int found = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {
            if (students[i].studentID == studentID) {
                printf("找到学生信息，请输入修改后的学生姓名：");
                scanf("%s", students[i].name);
    
                printf("请修改学生学号：");
                scanf("%d", &students[i].studentID);
    
                printf("请修改学生性别：");
                scanf("%s", students[i].gender);
    
                printf("请修改学生出生年月：");
                scanf("%s", students[i].birthday);
    
                printf("请修改学生籍贯：");
                scanf("%s", students[i].jiguna);
    
                printf("请修改学生手机号：");
                scanf("%s", students[i].phone);
    
                printf("请修改学生成绩：");
                scanf("%f", &students[i].score);
    
                printf("学生信息修改成功！\n");
                found = 1;
            }
        }
    
        if (!found) {
            printf("找不到该学号对应的学生信息！\n");
        }
    }
    
    // 将学生信息按性别分割成两个文件
    void splitByGender() {
        FILE *maleFile = fopen("D:/male.txt", "w");
        FILE *femaleFile = fopen("D:/female.txt", "w");
    //fscanf(file, "%d %s %s %s %s %s %f", &students[numStudents].studentID, students[numStudents].name, students[numStudents].gender,
    //                  students[numStudents].birthday,students[numStudents].jiguna,students[numStudents].phone, &students[numStudents].score) ==6)
        for (int i = 0; i < numStudents; i++) {
            if (strcmp(students[i].gender, "male") == 0) {
                fprintf(maleFile, "%d %s %s %s %s %s %f\n",students[i].studentID, students[i].name, students[i].gender,
                        students[i].birthday,students[i].jiguna, students[i].phone,students[i].score);
            } else if (strcmp(students[i].gender, "female") == 0) {
                fprintf(femaleFile, "%d %s %s %s %s %s %f\n",students[i].studentID, students[i].name, students[i].gender,
                        students[i].birthday,students[i].jiguna, students[i].phone,students[i].score);
            }
        }
    
        fclose(maleFile);
        fclose(femaleFile);
        printf("学生信息已按性别分割并保存到文件！\n");
    }
    
    //将数据写入文件
    void Write_File(){
        FILE *file = fopen("D:/JK0112.txt", "w");
        if (file == NULL) {
            printf("无法打开文件！\n");
            return;
        }
        for(int i = 0 ;i<numStudents;i++) {
            fprintf(file, "%d %s %s %s %s %s %f\n", students[numStudents].studentID, students[numStudents].name,
                    students[numStudents].gender, students[numStudents].birthday, students[numStudents].jiguna,
                    students[numStudents].phone, students[numStudents].score);
        }
        printf("信息保存成功！\n");
    
    }
    
    int main() {
        loadStudentsFromFile();//加载数据到结构体
        int option;
        do {
            displayMenu();
            scanf("%d", &option);
    
            switch (option) {
                case 1:
                    printf("请选择查询方式：\n");
                    printf("1. 按姓名查询\n");
                    printf("2. 按学号查询\n");
                    printf("3. 显示全部\n");
                    printf("请输入选项：");
                    int searchOption;
                    scanf("%d", &searchOption);
                    switch (searchOption) {
                        case 1:
                            searchByName();
                            break;
                        case 2:
                            searchByStudentID();
                            break;
                        case 3:
                            displayAllStudents();
                            break;
                        default:
                            printf("无效的选项！\n");
                            break;
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    printf("请选择排序方式：\n");
                    printf("1. 按姓名排序\n");
                    printf("2. 按成绩排序\n");
                    printf("请输入选项：");
                    int sortOption;
                    scanf("%d", &sortOption);
                    switch (sortOption) {
                        case 1:
                            sortByName();
                            break;
                        case 2:
                            sortByScore();
                            break;
                        default:
                            printf("无效的选项！\n");
                            break;
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    addStudent();
                    break;
                case 4:
                    printf("请选择删除方式：\n");
                    printf("1. 按姓名删除\n");
                    printf("2. 按学号删除\n");
                    printf("请输入选项：");
                    int deleteOption;
                    scanf("%d", &deleteOption);
                    switch (deleteOption) {
                        case 1:
                            deleteByName();
                            break;
                        case 2:
                            deleteByStudentID();
                            break;
                        default:
                            printf("无效的选项！\n");
                            break;
                    }
                    break;
                case 5:
                    modifyStudent();
                    break;
                case 6:
                    splitByGender();
                    break;
                case 0:
                    Write_File();
                    printf("退出程序。\n");
                    break;
                default:
                    printf("无效的选项！\n");
                    break;
            }
        } while (option != 0);
    
        return 0;
    }
    #endif

[Link 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_73865721?spm=1010.2135.3001.5343
[C_C]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_73865721?type=blog