38 种编程语言。都试过了！

╰半夏微凉° 2024-05-02 20:09 49阅读 0赞

从 Fortran 等经典语言到 Swift 等新手，  
我都试过了，可以说：多么浪费时间！希望  
在这段旅程中我并不孤单，我们可以一起消磨时光。

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到本次导览结束时，  
您要么一路大笑回到您的文本编辑器……  
要么泪流满面，因为现在您无法决定接下来要学习哪种语言。

但是，嘿，至少它很有趣！

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现在……  
让我们直接  
进入这个  
编程优点的宝库吧！⌨️??

### Scratch：编程的乐高乐园 ###

*[Scratch][] 让您可以像孩子玩乐高积木一样培养编码技能，谁不喜欢乐高积木呢？*

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<code>when green flag clicked
 // Scratch uses blocks instead of text-based code, making it beginner-friendly!
 say "Hello, world!" for 2 seconds
 
 move (10) steps
 // Motion blocks control movement - here we tell the sprite to take a walk!
 
 turn cw (15) degrees
 // Scratch's way of saying "Take a right turn!". CW stands for clockwise.
 
 change color effect by (25)
 // Jazz up your sprite with some colors! This block changes the hue.
 
 if on edge, bounce
 // No more falling off the stage! With this block, sprites always stay in sight.
 </code>

### BASIC：初级语言之父 ###

*[BASIC][Scratch]是初学者编程语言的鼻祖，但仍有一些不足之处。*

<code>10 REM This is a BASIC program - it's super simple and fun!
 15 REM The following line prints "HELLO WORLD" on the screen.
 20 PRINT "HELLO WORLD"
 25 REM Let's do some math! We'll start by assigning values to variables A and B.
 30 LET A = 42: LET B = 7
 35 REM Now we will calculate the sum, difference, product, and quotient of A and B.
 40 LET SUM = A + B: LET DIFFERENCE = A - B: LET PRODUCT = A * B: LET QUOTIENT = INT(A / B)
 45 REM Time to display our results with a sprinkle of humor!
 50 PRINT "THE ANSWER TO LIFE, THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING PLUS LUCKY NUMBER SEVEN IS "; SUM
 55 PRINT "BUT IF YOU SUBTRACT LUCKY NUMBER SEVEN FROM IT... POOF! YOU GET "; DIFFERENCE
 60 PRINT "MULTIPLYING THEM GIVES US"; PRODUCT; ", WHICH MIGHT BE USEFUL SOMEWHERE (WHO KNOWS?)"
 65 PRINT "AND DIVIDING THEM BRINGS OUR UNIVERSE BACK IN BALANCE WITH THE RESULT OF "; QUOTIENT
 70 END
 
 REM Some basics about BASIC:
 REM - It stands for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.
 REM - Line numbers are used to organize code statements in sequence.
 REM - 'PRINT' command displays output on the screen.
 REM - Variables can be assigned using 'LET', but you can also directly use variable names without it too!
 </code>

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### Python：缩进国家 ###

*[Python][] 就像馅饼一样简单，但不要吃太多，否则你会消化不良（来自所有这些凹痕）。*

<code># Python is an interpreted high-level language, known for its readability and ease of use
 print("Hello snek!")
 
 # It uses dynamic typing - no need to specify variable types explicitly! How cool (and risky) is that?
 fav_food = "mice"
 
 # Don't forget about our beloved list comprehensions!
 squares = [x**2 for x in range(11)]
 
 # Indentation matters in Python. Tab or space? That's the real question.
 if fav_food == "mice":
 print("Snek loves mice!")
 else:
 print("What kind of snek doesn't love mice?")
 
 # Errors are raised as exceptions, but we can catch them with try-except blocks
 try:
 result = 5 / 0
 except ZeroDivisionError:
 print("Sneks don't do math well.")
 
 # One last thing: everything in Python is an object. Even functions!
 def wiggle():
 return "Wiggle wiggle."
 
 snek_wiggle_function = wiggle
 
 print(snek_wiggle_function())
 </code>

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### JavaScript：Web 开发的必备之恶 ###

*JavaScript 有时可能是丑陋和凌乱的，但是嘿，我们的大多数卧室也是如此，而且我们仍然住在其中。*

<code>// Semicolons are optional in JavaScript but let's use them for fun;
 console.log("Hello world... Now with more semicolons;");
 
 // Variables can be declared using var, let or const. Don't be a "var"barian!
 let coolVar = 'Be cool, use "let";';
 
 // Template literals: Because concatenation is too mainstream.
 const coolerVar = `Even better with \`${coolVar}\``;
 
 // Log our cooler variable to the console;
 console.log(coolerVar);
 
 // Arrow functions: Shorter syntax & lexical this binding. Neat!
 const addEmUp = (a, b) => a + b + ';';
 
 // Call our arrow function;
 console.log(`Adding 3 and 7 gives us ${addEmUp(3, 7)}!`);
 </code>

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### Java：不朽的语言 ###

*Java 是一种不死的语言——它就像一个僵尸，但语法更好。*

<code>// Java is a popular high-level, object-oriented programming language.
 public class HelloWorld {
 // The 'main' method serves as the entry point for our program execution.
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 // System.out.println() is used to print text to the console. It's an essential debugging tool!
 System.out.println("BRAINS! I mean... Hello World!");
 
 // Java loves its curly braces and semi-colons - don't forget them or it'll get cranky!
 
 // In Java, everything belongs to a class, even zombies. So embrace your inner zombie coder!
 
 // If you're looking for more excitement in life (and code), try out other languages like JavaScript or Python.
 }
 }
 </code>

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### C：旧的可靠 ###

*C 就像你 70 年代的旧车——它可能不像新车型那么华丽，但它仍然能带你去你想去的地方。*

<code>#include <stdio.h> // C's most basic library, allowing I/O operations like printf
 
 // main() is where your program starts execution, it's the heart of a C application
 int main() {
 printf("Hello vintage world!\n"); // printf is used to display text on screen
 // Fun fact: C was created back in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs!
 
 return 0; // Indicates successful execution to the operating system (OS)
 }
 /*
 C is a procedural language, which means you'll write programs using functions.
 It's incredibly fast and efficient - even modern programming languages rely on it!
 C lets you play with memory management directly, giving you great control & power,
 but remember: "With great power comes great responsibility." Don't mess up! ;)
 */
 </code>

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### C++：比飞驰的子弹还快 ###

*C++ 为您提供速度和效率等超能力，只是不要尝试从您的眼睛中飞行或发射激光。*

<code>#include<iostream>
 using namespace std;
 
 // C++ is a statically-typed language, which means that types are checked at compile time.
 // It's an extension of the C programming language and supports object-oriented programming.
 
 int main() {
 // 'cout' stands for "console output" and is used to display text on the screen.
 cout << "Hello turbo-charged world!" << endl;
 
 // In C++, you don't need to use 'return 0;' in the main function as it's implied by default.
 // However, adding it explicitly can be considered good practice!
 }
 </code>

以其高性能和开发复杂系统的能力而闻名。

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### SQL：像专业人士一样与您的数据库对话 ###

*[SQL][Python] 可让您与数据库进行深入对话，但不要指望它们会分享它们的感受。*

<code>-- SQL (Structured Query Language) is the go-to language for interacting with relational databases.
 -- It allows you to create, read, update and delete data in a simple and intuitive way.
 
 SELECT 'Hello, relational world!' AS greeting; -- Here we SELECT a string value as an alias called "greeting".
 
 /* And now let's have some fun! */
 
 CREATE TABLE cats (id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(50), age INT); -- Create a table named "cats" with columns id, name and age.
 
 INSERT INTO cats (id, name, age) VALUES (1,'Mr. Whiskers', 3); -- Insert Mr. Whiskers into our cats table!
 
 SELECT * FROM cats WHERE age > 2; -- Let's find all the cool adult cats that are older than 2 years old.
 
 UPDATE cats SET age = 4 WHERE name = 'Mr. Whiskers'; -- Happy birthday Mr. Whiskers! Let's -- update your age in the database.
 
 DELETE FROM cats WHERE name = 'Mr. Whiskers'; -- Oh no! Mr. Whiskers has found a new home, let's remove him from our table.
 
 SELECT COUNT(*) FROM cats; -- Let's see how many cats are left in our table after Mr. Whiskers' departure.
 
 /* Congrats! You've now experienced some SQL magic.
 With these basics, you can dive deeper into the world of relational databases and data manipulation! */
 </code>

### PHP：Web 的主力军 ###

*PHP 是网络的主力军；它可能不是最漂亮或最快的马，但它完成了工作。*

<code><?php
 // PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development.
 // It can also be used as a general-purpose programming language.
 
 /* The first thing you might notice is the "<?php" opening tag and "?>" closing tag.
 This tells the server to interpret everything between these tags as PHP code. */
 
 echo "Hello World! I'm still relevant!";
 // 'echo' is one of several ways to output data in PHP. It's fun, simple, and effective!
 
 $x = 42;
 $y = "Universe";
 echo $x . ' - The answer to life, the ' . $y; // Concatenation with '.' operator
 
 ?>
 </code>

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### 斯威夫特：苹果的宠儿 ###

*Swift 就像 Apple 的一款闪亮的新玩具——我们都想要一个，即使我们还不确定它能做什么。*

<code>// Swift - a modern, powerful language created by Apple for iOS and macOS development.
 // It's known for being expressive, safe-by-design, and enjoyable to write.
 
 print("Hello world fresh from Cupertino!") // Print function for displaying text
 
 let greeting = "Swift is fun" // 'let' creates an immutable constant (like const in JS)
 var mutableGreeting = "Swifter than you think!" // 'var' creates a mutable variable
 
 print(greeting) // Prints: Swift is fun
 mutableGreeting += " ?" // String interpolation done using \(variable)
 print(mutableGreeting) // Prints: Swifter than you think! ?
 
 if greeting.count > mutableGreeting.count { 
 print("Long live constants!") 
 } else {
 print("Change it up with variables!")
 } 
 
 // In Swift, the curly braces {} around if-else blocks are mandatory. No more confusion!
 </code>

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### Kotlin：Java 的时髦表亲 ###

*Kotlin 就像 Java 的时髦表亲，它让您质疑为什么您仍在使用 Java。*

<code>// Welcome to Kotlin - a modern, concise, and expressive language!
 // It's the cool kid on the block for Android app development.
 
 fun main() {
 // Here's our simple "Hello World!" program in Kotlin.
 println("Hey there cool kids!")
 }
 
 /*
 * Fun fact: Kotlin is 100% interoperable with Java. That means you can have both
 * Java and Kotlin code in the same project without any issues! How awesome is that?
 */
 
 /*
 * In Kotlin, functions are declared using 'fun' keyword.
 * Check out this funky example below:
 */
 fun doTheFunkyThing(thing: String) = println("$thing just got funky!")
 
 /*
 * Goodbye semicolons! Unlike some of its older siblings (ahem...Java), 
 * you don't need semicolons at the end of each statement in Kotlin. Neat, huh?
 */
 
 /*
 * Life's too short for boilerplate code.Kotlin's got you covered with features like data classes and extension functions,
 * making your code shorter and cleaner. Say goodbye to that boilerplate nightmare!
 */
 
 data class CoolKid(val name: String, val age: Int)
 
 /*
 * Null safety is one of Kotlin's shining stars.
 * You can't assign a null value to a variable unless you really want it (using '?').
 * Now embrace the power of avoiding NullPointerExceptions - no more billion-dollar mistakes!
 */
 val coolKidsClub: List<CoolKid?> = listOf(CoolKid("Alice", 25), null)
 
 /*
 * With Kotlin, you get both object-oriented programming and functional programming
 * in one neat package. Lambdas? Higher-order functions? Collections API?
 * Yup, we've got it all! Unleash the full potential of your code-fu skills.
 */
 val evenCoolerKids = coolKidsClub.filterNotNull().filter { it.age >= 18 }
 </code>

### R：统计学家的挚友 ###

*R 就像一个热爱统计和数据分析的数学书呆子——对你好点，它们会帮助你通过考试。*

<code># R is a language for statistical computing and graphics, loved by data scientists.
 cat("Hello, world of numbers!\n")
 
 # R has built-in support for vectorized operations, making it fast and easy to manipulate data.
 my_vector <- c(1, 2, 3)
 doubled_vector <- my_vector * 2
 
 # Data frames are the backbone of working with data in R - think spreadsheet-like tables!
 my_data_frame <- data.frame(name = c("Alice", "Bob"), age = c(30, 25))
 
 # The 'apply' family of functions allows you to apply a function to elements in vectors or data frames.
 sum_of_ages <- sum(my_data_frame$age)
 
 # Packages like ggplot2 make creating stunning visualizations almost as fun as playing with Lego bricks.
 library(ggplot2)
 ggplot(my_data_frame) + geom_col(aes(x=name,y=age))
 </code>

记住：“人生苦短。使用 R。” ?

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### Go：Google 的 Speedy Offspring ###

*Go 是相当于能量饮料的编程语言；它会让你真正快速前进！*

<code>package main
 
 import "fmt"
 
 // Go, also known as Golang, is a statically typed language that excels in concurrent programming.
 // It's fast and efficient like C++ but with the simplicity of Python. Your computer will go bonkers!
 
 func main() {
 // Here we have our entry point for any Go program - the main function.
 fmt.Println("Gopher speed!")
 
 // With just ten lines of code here, you can't unveil all its superpowers,
 // but never fear! You'll eventually find yourself using it to build robust systems!
 }
 </code>

### 飞镖：扑向你的心 ###

*Dart 听起来像是周五晚上在酒吧做的事，但它实际上是为了用 Flutter 构建漂亮的应用程序。*

<code>// Dart is a versatile language developed by Google, used for web, server, and mobile applications.
 // It's popular for building cross-platform apps using the Flutter framework.
 
 main() {
 print('Hello from the dartboard!'); // This print function displays text to the console.
 }
 
 // Variables in Dart can be explicitly typed or inferred using `var`.
 int age = 30;
 String name = 'Dartman';
 var weapon = 'Dartgun';
 
 // Functions are easily defined with concise syntax and optional return types.
 bool isHero(String heroName) => heroName == 'Dartman';
 
 print(isHero(name)); // true
 </code>

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### C\#：微软的最佳创作 ###

*C\# 之于 Java 就像蝙蝠侠之于超人——类似的力量，但更酷的小工具（和 Visual Studio）。*

<code>using System;
 
 // C# is a statically typed, object-oriented language developed by Microsoft.
 // Unlike JavaScript, it has a clean syntax and strong typing support.
 class HelloWorld {
 // The Main method serves as the entry point for console applications in C#.
 static void Main() {
 // Console.WriteLine allows you to print messages on the screen. Very useful!
 Console.WriteLine("Greetings from Gotham!");
 
 // With only 10 lines of code at our disposal, we can't conquer the world yet,
 // but hey! You could start an exciting career in software engineering with C#!
 }
 }
 </code>

请记住，每个超级英雄都从某个地方开始。也学习其他语言，也许有一天您会用您的编码技能拯救哥谭市！

### Visual Basic：被遗忘的英雄 ###

*Visual Basic 曾为许多开发人员挽救生命，但现在它像退休的超级英雄一样生活在阴影中。*

<code>' Visual Basic is an easy-to-read, powerful language developed by Microsoft.
 ' VB.NET, a modern version of Visual Basic, is part of the .NET framework.
 
 Module HelloWorld
 ' "Sub Main()" serves as the entry point for our program execution.
 Sub Main()
 ' Console.WriteLine() outputs text to the console window.
 Console.WriteLine("Hello from the Batcave! Alfred's serving tea.")
 
 ' Let's show some basic math operations and string concatenation!
 Dim batMath As Integer = 5 + 3 * (8 - 2)
 Console.WriteLine("Batman solved this: " & batMath.ToString())
 End Sub
 End Module
 </code>

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### Perl：瑞士军刀 ###

*Perl 就像您拥有的那把旧瑞士军刀 – 超级有用且用途广泛，但很难掌握。*

<code># Perl (Practical Extraction and Reporting Language) is a dynamic, versatile language known for its text processing abilities.
 
 print "Hey there, pearl of wisdom!\n"; # Prints a string with a newline character at the end
 
 my $name = "Larry Wall"; # Declare a scalar variable named 'name' holding the creator of Perl's name
 
 print "Perl was created by $name.\n"; # Variable interpolation within double quotes makes it fun!
 
 if ($name eq "Larry Wall") { # Use 'eq' to compare strings in Perl
 print "You know your history!\n";
 }
 
 for my $i (1..5) { # A C-style loop isn't always needed. This range operator is unique!
 print "$i\n";
 }
 
 @array = qw(Perl Python Ruby); # Create an array using qw() - quote words syntax for elegance
 $size = @array; # Get the size of an array just like that! No need for functions.
 print "@array are popular languages. Total: $size\n";
 
 </code>

### Ruby：程序员最好的朋友 ###

*红宝石就像一颗宝石——美丽、有价值，每个人都希望在简历中出现一颗宝石。*

<code># Ruby is a high-level, dynamic programming language with an elegant syntax.
 # It emphasizes simplicity and productivity, making it a favorite among developers.
 
 puts 'Hello shiny world!' # Puts (short for "put string") displays the text in the console.
 
 def greet(name) # Defining a function called `greet` that takes one argument, `name`.
 "Hi there, #{name}!" # String interpolation allows you to insert variables directly into strings.
 end
 
 puts greet('Rubyist') # Call the function with an argument and display the result.
 
 3.times { puts 'Ruby rocks!' } # This demonstrates Ruby's powerful blocks feature.
 
 (1..5).each do |num| # Ranges are used to represent sequences. Here we loop through numbers 1 to 5.
 puts num * num # Print each number squared using arithmetic operations within `puts`.
 end
 </code>

### Scala：Java 的老练表亲 ###

*Scala 就像那个优雅的堂兄，端着一杯酒出现在家庭聚会上，谈论函数式编程。*

<code>// Welcome to Scala! It's a blend of object-oriented and functional programming, running on the JVM.
 object HelloWorld extends App { // 'object' creates a singleton instance. 'extends App' is for simple command-line programs.
 
 println("Hello, fancy world!") // Unlike Java: no semicolons needed! Scala infers them.
 
 val greeting = "Have an awesome day!" // 'val' declares an immutable variable. Think of it as a constant in other languages.
 
 def sayGoodbye(name: String): Unit = { // Defining functions with 'def'. ': Unit =' means there's no return value (like void).
 println(s"Goodbye $name!") // Using string interpolation with the '$'.
 }
 
 sayGoodbye("Scala") // Calling our function without parentheses around arguments.
 
 } 
 </code>

### Objective-C：酷之前的 Apple 语言 ###

*在 Swift 出现并抢走了它的风头之前，Objective-C 是 Apple 开发人员的首选语言。*

<code>#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 
 // Objective-C is an OOP language that extends C and adds a Smalltalk-style messaging system.
 
 int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {
 @autoreleasepool { // Memory management! This block helps manage memory resources efficiently.
 NSLog(@"Hello old-school Apple!"); // Logging messages in ObjC - say hello to NSLog!
 }
 
 NSString *funFact = @"Objective-C can still party with Swift!";
 NSLog(@"%@", funFact); // %@ is the format specifier for objects like NSString. Let's print it!
 
 return 0; // Exiting gracefully, just like grandpa told us.
 }
 </code>

### 集会：男人与男孩分开的地方 ###

*汇编是编程语言中的 Chuck Norris——你不选择它；它选择了你。*

<code>section .data
 hello db 'Hello, bare-metal world!',0xA ; Define "hello" string with newline (0xA) at the end
 
 section .text
 global _start 
 _start:
 mov eax,4 ; Prepare syscall for write operation (sys_write = 4)
 mov ebx,1 ; File descriptor: stdout (1); we're writing to console!
 lea ecx,[hello] ; Load address of our lovely message into ecx register
 add edx,len ; Calculate length of the string including newline character and store in edx register
 
 int 0x80 ; Trigger interrupt. Magic happens! Hello world appears!
 
 mov eax,1 ; Prepare syscall for exit operation (sys_exit = 1)
 xor ebx,ebx ; Set exit code to zero using xor trick; it means success!
 int 0x80 ; Another interrupt. Goodbye cruel world...
 
 len equ $-hello ;
 </code>

这是汇编语言——您可以直接与 CPU 对话！这就像驾驶手动档而不是自动档汽车。你有更多的控制权，但也有更多的责任。

在这个片段中，我们通过在离开 ? 之前在屏幕上打印一条消息来迎接“裸机世界”。组装可能很艰难，但提供了无与伦比的性能和对计算机如何在引擎盖下真正工作的理解。

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### Fortran：仍然强烈地打卡 ###

*Fortran 语言就像您曾祖父的怀表——这么多年了，它仍然在滴答作响！*

<code>! Welcome to the world of Fortran, where everything began.
 ! It's one of the oldest programming languages, created in 1957 for scientific computation.
 
 PROGRAM HelloFortranWorld
 ! This line declares our program and its name.
 
 PRINT *, "Hello, timeless world!"
 ! Say hello to a classic example of fixed-format code. The "*" defines default format.
 
 END PROGRAM HelloFortranWorld
 ! And this is how we close the program block.
 
 ! You might feel like a dinosaur while coding in Fortran,
 ! but it's still widely used in high-performance computing and engineering applications!
 </code>

### Lua：游戏开发的无名英雄 ###

*Lua 就像百老汇戏剧中的替补——总是在那里提供支持，从不抱怨处于聚光灯下。*

<code>-- Lua is an embeddable scripting language, great for game engines or extending applications.
 print("Hello from backstage!")
 
 -- Variables are dynamically typed. You don't have to specify the type when you declare it.
 local name = "LuaRocks"
 local age = 25
 
 -- Functions can be easily assigned to variables and passed around like any other value.
 local function greet(person)
 print("Hey there, " .. person .. "! Lua loves ya!")
 end
 
 greet(name) -- Output: Hey there, LuaRocks! Lua loves ya!
 
 -- Tables in lua act as arrays, dictionaries and objects all at once!
 local band = { leadSinger = "John", drummer = "Paul" }
 
 print(band["leadSinger"]) -- Output: John
 </code>

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### Rust：钢铁侠最喜欢的语言 ###

*Rust 在不影响性能的情况下提供安全性，就像钢铁侠的战衣一样。*

<code>// Rust is a systems programming language with built-in safety checks.
 // It prevents common programming errors like null pointers or memory leaks.
 
 fn main() {
 // println! is a macro (indicated by the exclamation mark) that prints to stdout.
 println!("Hello safer world!"); // You'll never forget a semicolon again!
 
 let x = 42; // Variables are immutable by default, which helps prevent bugs!
 let mut y = "Rustacean"; // But you can use `mut` to make them mutable if needed.
 
 match x { // Pattern matching in Rust is powerful and expressive!
 0..=10 => print!("Small "),
 _ => print!("Big "), // The underscore (_) matches anything.
 }
 
 y = "in action!";
 } 
 </code>

### 朱莉娅：智慧与速度之美 ###

*Julia 将 Ruby 的优雅与 C++ 的强大功能结合在一起——这就像吃蛋糕一样！*

<code># Welcome to Julia, a high-performance language for technical computing
 println("Hello my boys!")
 
 # You can do math like it's nobody's business
 result = 3 * (5 + 2) / 7 # Don't forget the order of operations!
 println(result)
 
 # Functions are your friends; they help break down complex tasks into simpler ones
 function greet(name)
 return "Howdy, $(name)!" # String interpolation is as smooth as butter in Julia
 end
 
 greeting = greet("Partner")
 println(greeting)
 
 # Arrays store multiple elements so you don't have to juggle variables all day long
 fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
 push!(fruits, "orange") # Bang! The exclamation mark indicates that fruits has been modified in-place
 
 for fruit in fruits # Loop through the array and enjoy each fruit one by one
 println("Yum, I love $(fruit)s!")
 end
 
 </code>

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### TypeScript：JavaScript 的超级英雄改变自我 ###

*TypeScript 就像蜘蛛侠之于 JavaScript 的彼得·帕克——同一个人，但能力更强了。*

<code>// Welcome to TypeScript! It's a superset of JavaScript that brings static typing.
 // This means you can catch errors before runtime, which is pretty cool, right?
 
 console.log("Hello from your friendly neighborhood TypeScript!");
 
 // You know what makes it more fun? Type annotations!
 let myNumber: number = 42;
 let myString: string = "Life, the Universe and Everything";
 
 // But wait... there's more! Meet interfaces - they help define object shapes.
 interface Superhero {
 name: string;
 power: string;
 }
 
 const batman: Superhero = { name: 'Batman', power: 'Rich' };
 </code>

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### Shell 脚本：自动化所有事情！ ###

*Bash 和 PowerShell 就像开发人员的魔杖——只需挥动它们，就能完成任务！*

<code>#!/bin/bash
 # Bash is a Unix shell scripting language that allows you to automate tasks.
 # It uses the # symbol for single-line comments, like this one.
 
 echo "Hello, automated world!" # echo command prints text on the screen
 
 DATE=$(date) # You can assign output of a command to a variable using $()
 echo "Today's date is: $DATE"
 
 if [[ "$USER" == "root" ]]; then # Conditional statements use double brackets [[ ]]
 echo "You are root!" # And don't forget the semicolon ; before 'then'
 else
 echo "Hi there, regular user ${USER}." # Use ${VAR} format to embed variables in strings
 fi # Close your if statement with 'fi', which is just 'if' spelled backwards (Bash fun!)
 </code>

### Groovy：派对模式下的 Java ###

*Groovy 为 Java 编程增添了一些乐趣。这就像周六晚上带 Java 出去跳舞一样。*

<code>// Say hi to the groovy world!
 println 'Hello groovy people!'
 
 // Groovy is like Java's chill cousin, who just wants to have a good time.
 def partyAnimal = 'Groovster'
 println "Let's party with ${partyAnimal}!"
 
 // Dynamic typing? No problemo in Groovy land!
 def coolNumber = 42
 coolNumber = 'Now I am a string!'
 println coolNumber
 
 // Closures are your new best friends. They're like mini-functions you can pass around.
 def greetSomeone = { name -> println "Hey $name, let's get groovy!" }
 greetSomeone('Funky Fred')
 
 /* JavaScript might be the life of the web dev party,
 but when it comes to scripting and automation, Groovy knows how to boogie down! */
 </code>

### F\#：函数式编程！ ###

*F\# 为 .NET 带来了函数式编程，证明即使是 Microsoft 也可以拥有一点 Haskell 般的乐趣。*

<code>// F# is a functional-first language, promoting immutability and function composition.
 let greet name = printfn "Hello, %s!" name
 
 // It seamlessly integrates with the .NET ecosystem, making it great for web development.
 open System.Net.Http
 let httpClient = HttpClient()
 
 // Pattern matching is powerful in F#, allowing you to destructure data and handle cases elegantly.
 type Shape = Circle of float | Rectangle of float * float
 let area shape =
 match shape with
 | Circle r -> Math.PI * r * r // No parantheses needed when calling functions!
 | Rectangle (w, h) -> w * h // Using tuples for easy multi-value passing.
 
 greet "functionally fabulous world!"
 printfn "Area of circle: %A" (area (Circle 4.0))
 printfn "Area of rectangle: %A" (area (Rectangle(3.0, 5.0)))
 
 // On your coding journey's deathbed, don't regret not trying out F# as an alternative to JavaScript or PHP!
 </code>

### Elm：纯功能性网络冠军 ###

*Elm 就像一个用于功能性 Web 开发的禅宗花园——它平静、祥和，一切都在它的位置上。*

<code>-- Elm is a delightfully pure, functional language for front-end web development.
 -- It compiles down to JavaScript, so it plays nicely with other web technologies.
 
 import Html exposing (text) -- Import the 'Html' module and expose the 'text' function
 
 main = -- The main function serves as an entry point for our Elm application
 text "Hello world from the land of purity!" 
 -- The 'text' function creates an HTML text node with the given content
 
 {- Fun Fact: Elm's type system eliminates runtime errors,
 making your code more robust and easier to maintain. -}
 
 {- Another Fun Fact: Elm has its own package manager and architecture,
 which makes building complex applications a breeze! -}
 </code>

### Elixir：并发的神奇药水 ###

*Elixir 为表带来了并发风格。这就像哈利波特开始学习编程而不是魔法一样。*

<code># Elixir is a functional, concurrent language built on the Erlang VM (BEAM)
 # It's great for fault-tolerant systems and hot code swapping!
 
 IO.puts("Expecto Patronum! I mean... Hello World!")
 
 # Pattern matching is one of Elixir's superpowers!
 {a, b} = {42, "magic"}
 
 # Immutability prevents side effects - no dark magic here.
 x = 7
 x = x + 1 # This will raise an error
 
 # Anonymous functions with & syntax - just like wands without names!
 sum = &(&1 + &2)
 result = sum.(3, 4) # => result: 7
 
 # Pipe operator |> directs output to next function - wizard-level chaining!
 "elixir"
 |> String.upcase()
 |> String.split("")
 </code>

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### Haskell：一种真正有效的惰性语言 ###

*Haskell 非常懒惰，它只在绝对必要时才工作。我们都可以从这种语言中学到一些东西。*

{- Haskell is a functional programming language with strong, static typing.
 It's known for its lazy evaluation and love of mathematical purity. -}
 
 import Data.Char (toLower) -- Let's import 'toLower' function from 'Data.Char'
 
 main = putStrLn "Hello from the land of laziness!"
 
 -- Here's a simple function to make strings lowercase using list comprehension.
 lowercase :: String -> String
 lowercase s = [toLower c | c <- s]
 
 {- Fun fact: In Haskell, you can define infinite lists like this:
 primes = sieve [2..] where sieve (p:xs) = p : sieve [x | x <- xs, x `mod` p /= 0]
 -}

### Prolog：释放逻辑编程！ ###

*Prolog 让您以完全不同的方式思考编码。你准备好服用红色药丸了吗？*

<code>% Prolog, a logic programming language, is great for AI and symbolic reasoning.
 % The syntax is unique - it's all about facts, rules & queries!
 
 hello_world :- write('Welcome to the Matrix!\n'). % Define a rule: hello_world
 ?- hello_world. % Query (or call) the rule to print "Welcome to the Matrix!"
 
 % Fun fact: Prolog uses Horn clauses; Facts start with lowercase and end with a period.
 likes(john, pizza). % Fact: John likes pizza
 
 % Define rules using ":-" where left side is head & right side are conditions
 hungry(X) :- likes(X, pizza), time(lunch). % Rule: X is hungry if X likes pizza during lunchtime
 
 ?- hungry(john). % Query (or call) hungry/1 rule for john. Will return true or false.
 
 /* Congrats! You've dipped your toes in Prolog. 
 Now go conquer logic puzzles like Sherlock Holmes! */
 </code>

### COBOL：还没有死！ ###

*COBOL 可能比您的祖父母还要古老，但它仍然运行着当今关键系统的很大一部分。*

<code>IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
 PROGRAM-ID. HelloWorld.
 
 * COBOL dates back to 1959
 * Its syntax is more verbose and "English-like" compared to other languages, making it easier for some folks to read.
 
 ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
 CONFIGURATION SECTION.
 SOURCE-COMPUTER. IBM-PC.
 OBJECT-COMPUTER. IBM-PC.
 
 PROCEDURE DIVISION.
 DISPLAY 'COBOL says hi from yesteryear!' UPON CONSOLE. * This line prints a message on the console
 PERFORM VARYING I FROM 1 BY 1 UNTIL I > 5 *> Super fun loop time: iterate through numbers 1 to 5
 DISPLAY 'Iteration: ', I UPON CONSOLE *> Print the current iteration number in each loop cycle
 END-PERFORM
 
 STOP RUN. * Gracefully stop the program after loops and laughs are done!
 </code>

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### MATLAB：矩阵大师 ###

*在矩阵运算的世界中，没有人能在比赛中击败 MATLAB。它就像《黑客帝国》中的 Neo，但它是为了数学。*

<code>% MATLAB is short for Matrix Laboratory and is all about matrix manipulation.
 disp('Hello from the mathematical world!')
 
 % You can do simple calculations just like a calculator, but way cooler!
 a = 2 + 3;
 b = a * 4;
 
 % Prepare to be mind-blown! Create a magic square - rows, columns & diagonals sum up to the same number.
 magic_square = magic(3);
 
 % Want some fun? Generate random numbers in MATLAB. Goodbye casino!
 random_number = randi([1, 100]);
 
 % Plotting graphs has never been so easy! Let's plot y=sin(x) from x=0 to x=2*pi
 x = linspace(0, 2*pi);
 y = sin(x);
 plot(x,y)
 title('Yeehaw! Look at that beautiful sine wave!')
 </code>

动图

### 帕斯卡：自 1970 年以来培养良好习惯 ###

*Pascal 就像那位严格的老师，他会让你写得工整并使用正确的标点符号——虽然烦人但很有必要。*

<code>program HelloWorld;
 (* Pascal is a highly structured, strongly typed language, great for teaching programming concepts *)
 begin
 (* The 'begin' keyword marks the start of a block in Pascal. It's like an opening brace in other languages *)
 WriteLn('Hello, disciplined world!');
 (* WriteLn is a built-in procedure to output text followed by a newline character *)
 
 Writeln('Any application that can be written in JavaScript will eventually be written in JavaScript.');
 end.
 (* Every statement ends with a semicolon ';' and the 'end.' closes our program block. Notice the period! *)
 
 {
 Now go explore more about this beautifully organized language!
 But remember, you might still end up needing to touch some JavaScript at some point ;)
 }
 </code>

### Clojure：具有现代风格的 Lisp ###

*Clojure 为 JVM 带来了 Lisp 的强大功能，并为函数式编程提供了全新的视角。*

<code>; Welcome to Clojure, a functional Lisp dialect that runs on the JVM!
 ; It's all about immutability and simplicity. So let's dive in!
 
 (defn greet [name] ; Defining a function called 'greet' with one parameter 'name'.
 (str "Hello, " name "!")) ; Concatenating strings using the 'str' function.
 
 (println (greet "Clojurians")) ; Calling our greet function and printing the result.
 
 (map #(* % 2) (range 1 6)) ; Anonymous functions (#()) are cool! Here we're doubling numbers from 1 to 5.
 
 (reduce + [1 2 3]) ; Using higher-order functions like reduce for operations over collections.
 </code>

--------------------

你有它！  
通过充满笑话和模因的流行编程语言的演变狂野之旅。

现在出发吧，勇敢的编码员；用知识（和笑声）武装起来，一次一行代码征服编程语言的冰山！

请记住，如果您需要一些幽默或从编码中快速休息一下，只需跳上 Twitter 并关注我[@johnrushx][johnrushx]。

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