Prometheus监控平台搭建，性能测试必备技能！

秒速五厘米 2024-05-23 18:48 74阅读 0赞

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## **01** **Prometheus 监控平台部署** ##

Linux 操作系统监控 + Mysql 监控

**1、平台监控原理：**

环境说明：  
本文档中各组件运行的环境为 Ubuntu（64 位操作系统）  
node\_exporter 监控的是 192.168.1.26 机器的操作系统  
mysql\_exporter 监控的是 192.168.1.30 上安装的 MySQL 数据库  
Grafana+Prometheus 部署在 192.168.1.33 机器

**部署前的准备：**

*  关闭所有 Linux 机器的防火墙：**`systemctl stop firewalld.service`**
 *  保证所有 Linux 机器的时间是准确的，执行 date 命令检查；如果不准确，建议使用ntp 同步最新网络时间

## **02 部署 Linux 操作系统监控组件** ##

1、下载监控 Linux 的 exporter  
https://github.com/prometheus/node\_exporter/releases/download/v0.18.1/node\_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

2、将 **node\_exporter** 包上传到需要被监控的 Linux 服务器上任意目录下，执行解压命令

**`tar xvf node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz`**

![图片][be0e84bc6aa8f1e96498d3e3772e0eb5.png]

3、进入到解压后的文件夹中，执行启动脚本  
**`node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64`  
`nohup ./node_exporter &`**

4、查看 nohup 日志，出现如下日志，代表启动成功  
**`tail -100 nohup.out`**

![图片][344d506596a717c8691c73764b6990d1.png]

## **03 部署prometheus** ##

**1、下载包**  
https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.15.2/prometheus-2.15.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz

2、将 prometheus 上传到一台单独的 Linux 机器上，执行解压操作

ubuntu@VM-0-8-ubuntu:~$ lsapp  logs  Project  Prometheus  README.txt  tools  VueProjectubuntu@VM-0-8-ubuntu:~$ cd Prometheus/ubuntu@VM-0-8-ubuntu:~/Prometheus$ tar -xvf prometheus-2.15.2.linux-amd64.tar.gzubuntu@VM-0-8-ubuntu:~/Prometheus$ lsgrafana_6.5.3_amd64.deb  node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64  prometheus-2.15.2.linux-amd64ubuntu@VM-0-8-ubuntu:~/Prometheus$ cd prometheus-2.15.2.linux-amd64/ubuntu@VM-0-8-ubuntu:~/Prometheus/prometheus-2.15.2.linux-amd64$ lsconsole_libraries  consoles  data  LICENSE  nohup.out  NOTICE  prometheus  prometheus.yml  promtool  tsdb

**3、进入到解压后的文件夹中，**修改配置文件，添加要监控的服务器信息 192.168.1.26  
**`vi prometheus.yml`**

4、在 scrape\_configs 配置项下添加 Linux 监控的 job，其中IP 修改为上面部署 node\_exporter 机器的 ip，端口号为 9100，注意缩进

# my global config
    
    global:
    
      scrape_interval:     2s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
    
      evaluation_interval: 2s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
    
      # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
    
    
    
    # Alertmanager configuration
    
    alerting:
    
      alertmanagers:
    
      - static_configs:
    
        - targets:
    
          # - alertmanager:9093
    
    
    
    # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
    
    rule_files:
    
      # - "first_rules.yml"
    
      # - "second_rules.yml"
    
    
    
    # A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
    
    # Here it's Prometheus itself.
    
    scrape_configs:
    
      # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
    
      - job_name: 'prometheus'
    
    
    
        # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    
        # scheme defaults to 'http'.
    
    
    
        static_configs:
    
        - targets: ['localhost:9090']
    
      - job_name: 'node'
    
        static_configs:
    
    
    
      # 新增的服务器配置信息
    
      - job_name: 'node'
    
        static_configs:
    
        - targets: ['192.168.1.26:9100']

**5、保存配置文件，**启动 prometheus  
**`nohup ./prometheus &`**

**6、检查 nohup.out 日志，**如果有以下信息，启动成功  
**`vi nohup.out`**  
通过反斜杠 '/Server is ready to receive' 回车查询

![图片][74ee925c01749b7a7796807329f752d8.png]

**7、在浏览器中访问部署的** prometheus：http://192.168.1.33:9090

![图片][39e394c34a28bfcce03b53c19de6a67c.png]

**8、点击菜单栏“Status-Targets”，**看到页面中有如下 node 节点，代表 prometheus 和node\_exporter 链接成功

![图片][ef7d1a84abc1bbb0abbe4f341e4ad08a.png]

## **04 部署 Grafana** ##

**1、下载安装grafana**（建议使用8.0.6版本，6.5.3有不兼容问题）  
sudo apt-get install -y adduser libfontconfig1  
wget https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana\_6.5.3\_amd64.deb  
sudo dpkg -i grafana\_6.5.3\_amd64.deb

![图片][037f5ad89f24f69da5b67140e7f83bb1.png]

**2、启动 grafana**  
**`systemctl start grafana-server`**

**3、在浏览器访问：**http://192.168.1.33:3000/  
输入用户名/密码：admin/admin 登录

![图片][e3ac84723ea26f7720023d267fc2bd69.png]

**4、添加数据源，**选择 prometheus

![图片][00e884f2b751921cc929f94bc5402a51.png]

**5、进行数据源配置，**因为我的 prometheus 和 grafana 装在同一台机器上，所以 ip 写的是 localhost，如果没在一台机器上，写上 prometheus 的 IP

![图片][cf31bb4b2a646bb8f36b903beb0b39ef.png]

点击“save and test”，如果提示 success，代表配置成功

**6、官网查找监控模板**

打开 grafana 官网，查找官网提供的 prometheus 监控模板  
https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards

![图片][3b8ad85734e125610c2cb918d46dca9b.png]

点击 Linux 服务器监控的中文模板，记录该模板的 id：8919

![图片][c2e450fcb0f42a09e9b6e37a6983d7a8.png]

**7、在 grafana 系统页面中**，通过 id 导入该模板，即可在 grafana 中看到 192.168.1.26 机器的性能监控数据

![图片][8b034bd6339f474d61bd3ddce5fd952a.png]

![图片][f23856771d778e368e82132ca70cb958.png]

**8、将数据更新频率需要设置**，就可以看到设置时间步长内的各项性能指标。包含了 CPU、Load、内存、网络、磁盘、IO 耗时等指标。监控数据永久保存，可以随时查看任意时间点内的历史统计数据，非常方便。

![图片][372abe30f88169c8523ffa0b35cc7665.png]

**9、grafana服务启停**

*  设置开机自启：systemctl start grafana-server
 *  启动服务 sudo service grafana-server start
 *  重启 sudo service grafana-server restart
 *  停止服务 sudo service grafana-server stop

## **05 MySQL 的监控** ##

**1、下载 MySQL 的 exporter**  
https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld\_exporter/releases/download/v0.12.1/mysqld\_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

**2、上传至 MySQL 服务器上，解压包**

**`tar xvf mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz`**

**3、执行命令**  
**`export DATA_SOURCE_NAME='root:admin1234@(192.168.1.30:3306)/'`**

**4、启动 mysql exporter**  
进入到解压后的文件夹中，执行命令  
**`nohup ./mysqld_exporter &`**  
监控 nohup.out 日志，有如下日志代表成功

![图片][0b2fd4c51a5ecbfe56ac32812f5f6895.png]

**5、修改 prometheus** 的配置文件 prometheus.yml **`vi prometheus.yml`**  
增加监控 MySQL 的 job（注意缩进格式）

# my global config
    
    global:
    
      scrape_interval:     2s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
    
      evaluation_interval: 2s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
    
      # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
    
    
    
    # Alertmanager configuration
    
    alerting:
    
      alertmanagers:
    
      - static_configs:
    
        - targets:
    
          # - alertmanager:9093
    
    
    
    # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
    
    rule_files:
    
      # - "first_rules.yml"
    
      # - "second_rules.yml"
    
    
    
    # A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
    
    # Here it's Prometheus itself.
    
    scrape_configs:
    
      # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
    
      - job_name: 'prometheus'
    
    
    
        # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    
        # scheme defaults to 'http'.
    
    
    
        static_configs:
    
        - targets: ['localhost:9090']
    
      - job_name: 'node'
    
        static_configs:
    
    
    
      # 新增的服务器配置信息
    
      - job_name: 'node'
    
        static_configs:
    
        - targets: ['192.168.1.26:9100']
    
    
    
      # 新增的MySQL服务器配置信息
    
      - job_name: 'mysql'
    
        static_configs:
    
        - targets: ['192.168.1.30:9104']

targets 中的 IP 为 mysql\_exporter 所在机器的 IP，端口号固定为 9104，重启 prometheus，进入 prometheus 的 UI 界面，在 status-targets 页面下，可以看到 MySQL exporter 的状态

**6、在 Grafana 中添加 MySQL 的监控模板**

在 grafana 官网模板中找到 MySQL 监控模板 Mysql Overview，id 为 7362，并导入到 Grafana 中（具体操作步骤参考上面导入 Linux 监控模板操作）

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