深入解析Java中的并发工具：Lock和Condition示例

原创红太狼 2024-10-13 14:03 78阅读 0赞

在Java中，`Lock`和`Condition`是两个重要的并发工具，分别用于管理共享资源的访问权限以及线程之间的通信。

1. Lock（锁）：
- `ReentrantLock`：这是最常用的锁实现，它提供了可重入、公平竞争等特性。
- 使用示例：
```java
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class LockExample {
    private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

public void lockResource() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("Resource locked.");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // Handle interruption
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // Always unlock
            try {
                lock.unlock();
                System.out.println("Resource unlocked.");
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // Handle any exception while unlocking
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

public static void main(String[] args) {
        LockExample example = new LockExample();
        example.lockResource();  // Acquire the lock
        Thread.sleep(500);  // Let other threads execute
        example.lockResource();  // Try to acquire again, should fail due to lock held
    }
}
```

2. Condition（条件）：
- `Condition`：它是`Lock`的一部分，用于在锁定共享资源的同时进行线程间的通信。
- 使用示例：
```java
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class ConditionExample {
    private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private final Condition condition = lock.newCondition();

public void signal() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            condition.signalAll();  // Notify all waiting threads
            System.out.println("Signaled.");
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

public void await() throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            condition.await();  // Wait until notified or timeout occurs
            System.out.println("Awoken.");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConditionExample example = new ConditionExample();
        example.signal();  // Notify all waiting threads
        Thread.sleep(500);  // Let other threads execute
        example.await();  // Wait until notified or timeout occurs
    }
}
```

以上代码展示了如何使用`Lock`和`Condition`来管理线程的并发访问。