java 实现二叉树深度优先遍历的前、中、后序遍历(递归)

客官°小女子只卖身不卖艺 2021-06-24 13:59 399阅读 0赞

import java.util.*;   
      
    public class BinaryTree {   
        protected Node root;   
      
        public BinaryTree(Node root) {   
            this.root = root;   
        }   
      
        public Node getRoot() {   
            return root;   
        }   
      
        /** 构造树 */  
        public static Node init() {   
            Node a = new Node('A');   
            Node b = new Node('B', null, a);   
            Node c = new Node('C');   
            Node d = new Node('D', b, c);   
            Node e = new Node('E');   
            Node f = new Node('F', e, null);   
            Node g = new Node('G', null, f);   
            Node h = new Node('H', d, g);   
            return h;// root   
        }   
      
        /** 访问节点 */  
        public static void visit(Node p) {   
            System.out.print(p.getKey() + " ");   
        }   
      
        /** 递归实现前序遍历 */  
         static void preorder(Node p) {   
            if (p != null) {   
                visit(p);   
                preorder(p.getLeft());   
                preorder(p.getRight());   
            }   
        }   
      
        /** 递归实现中序遍历 */  
         static void inorder(Node p) {   
            if (p != null) {   
                inorder(p.getLeft());   
                visit(p);   
                inorder(p.getRight());   
            }   
        }   
      
        /** 递归实现后序遍历 */  
         static void postorder(Node p) {   
            if (p != null) {   
                postorder(p.getLeft());   
                postorder(p.getRight());   
                visit(p);   
            }   
        }   
       /** 层次遍历*/
       static void levelorder(Node p){   
            if(p==null) return;   
            Queue< Node> queue=new LinkedList< Node>();   
            queue.offer(p);   
            while(queue.size()>0){   
                Node temp=queue.poll();   
                visit(temp); 
                if(temp.getLeft()!=null){   
                    queue.offer(temp.getLeft());   
                }   
                if(temp.getRight()!=null){   
                    queue.offer(temp.getRight());   
                }   
            }   
           
        }   
      
      
        // 求二叉树的高度
     static int height(Node tree) {
        if (tree == null)
    	return 0;
        else {
    	int leftTreeHeight = height(tree.getLeft());
    	int rightTreeHeight = height(tree.getRight());;
    	return leftTreeHeight > rightTreeHeight ? leftTreeHeight + 1: rightTreeHeight + 1;
        }
    }
    // 求二叉树的结点总数
      static int nodes(Node tree) {
       if (tree == null)
    	return 0;
       else {
    	int left = nodes(tree.getLeft());
    	int right = nodes(tree.getRight());
    	return left + right + 1;
      }
    }
    // 求二叉树叶子节点的总数
     static int leaf(Node tree) {
       if (tree == null)
    	return 0;
       else {
    	int left = leaf(tree.getLeft());
    	int right = leaf(tree.getRight());
    	if (tree.getLeft() == null && tree.getRight() == null)
    		return left + right + 1;
    	else
    		return left + right;
        }
     }
    //将二叉树所有结点的左右子树交换
    static void swapTree(Node root){
      if(root != null) {
       Node tmp = root.getLeft();
       root.setLeft(root.getRight());
       root.setRight(tmp);
       swapTree(root.getLeft());
       swapTree(root.getRight());
      }
    }
         /** 
         * getLeafNodes: 递归求解给定二叉树的所有叶子结点 
         * @param root   给定二叉树的根结点 
         * @param leaflist 给定二叉树的所有叶子结点 
         */  
      static void  getLeafNodes(Node root, List< Node> leaflist)  
        {  
            if (root != null) {  
                if (root.getLeft() == null && root.getRight() == null) {  
                    leaflist.add(root);  
                    return ;  
                }  
                getLeafNodes(root.getLeft(), leaflist);  
                getLeafNodes(root.getRight(), leaflist);  
            }  
        }  
      
      /** 
         * longestPath: 递归求解给定二叉树的一条最长路径 如果有多条，输出其中一条
         * @param root  给定二叉树的根结点 
         * @param longestPath 存放二叉树的最长路径上的结点 
         */  
        static void longestPath(Node root, List< Node> longestPath)  
        {  
            if (root != null) {  
                longestPath.add(root);  
                if (root.getLeft() == null && root.getRight() == null) { // 左右子树均空  
                     return ;  
                }  
             
                    List< Node> leftLongestPath = new ArrayList< Node>();  
                    List< Node> rightLongestPath = new ArrayList< Node>();  
                    longestPath(root.getLeft(), leftLongestPath);  
                    longestPath(root.getRight(), rightLongestPath);  
                    if (leftLongestPath.size() >= rightLongestPath.size()) {  
                        longestPath.addAll(leftLongestPath);  
                    } else if (leftLongestPath.size() < rightLongestPath.size()) {  
                        longestPath.addAll(rightLongestPath);  
                                    
                }  
            }  
        }  
     
        /**  
         * @param args  
         */  
        public static void main(String[] args) {   
            BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree(init());   
            System.out.print(" 前序遍历:");   
            preorder(tree.getRoot());   
            System.out.println();   
            System.out.print(" 中序遍历:");   
            inorder(tree.getRoot());   
            System.out.println();   
            System.out.print(" 后序遍历:");   
            postorder(tree.getRoot());   
            System.out.println(); 
            System.out.println(); 
           
            System.out.println("层次遍历");
            levelorder(tree.getRoot());
            System.out.println();   
            System.out.println();   
             System.out.println("叶子结点数");
             System.out.println(leaf(tree.getRoot()));
             System.out.println("总结点数");
             System.out.println(nodes(tree.getRoot()));
             System.out.println("树的高度");
             System.out.println(height(tree.getRoot()));
         
        }    
      
    }  
    public class Node {   
        private char key;   
        private Node left, right;   
      
        public Node(char key) {   
            this(key, null, null);   
        }   
      
        public Node(char key, Node left, Node right) {   
            this.key = key;   
            this.left = left;   
            this.right = right;   
        }   
      
        public char getKey() {   
            return key;   
        }   
      
        public void setKey(char key) {   
            this.key = key;   
        }   
      
        public Node getLeft() {   
            return left;   
        }   
      
        public void setLeft(Node left) {   
            this.left = left;   
        }   
      
        public Node getRight() {   
            return right;   
        }   
      
        public void setRight(Node right) {   
            this.right = right;   
        }   
    }