Django1.0和2.0中的rest_framework的序列化组件之超链接字段的处理

「爱情、让人受尽委屈。」 2021-12-23 08:55 121阅读 0赞

大家看到这个标题是不是有点懵逼，其实我就是想要一个这样的效果

比如我get一条书籍的数据，在一对多的字段中我们显示一个url，看起来是不是很绚！

![1101486-20190301234054366-1994108696.png][]

下面我们就来实现这么一个东西

首先我们一对多字段中的一表是 出版社表，因为我们这里要显示某个出版社的url，所以我们首先必须要为出版社的设计一个url

"""
    from django.conf.urls import url
    from django.contrib import admin
    from django.conf.urls import include
    from app1 import views
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^test/', views.test),
        url(r'^test_cbv/', views.test_cbv.as_view(),name="test1"),
        url(r'^test_rest/', views.Rest_view.as_view(),name="test2"),
        url(r'^book_cbv/', views.Book_cbv.as_view(),name="test3"),
        url(r'^publish_detail_cbv/(?P<id>\d+)', views.Pub_detail_cbv.as_view(),name="publish_url_name"),
        url(r'^book_detail_cbv/(?P<id>\d+)', views.Book_detail_cbv.as_view(),name="test4"),
    ]

就是这样的一条

![1101486-20190301234356297-439744716.png][]

然后我们为出版社设计modelserializer类，所有的字段都使用默认的形式

class pubmodelserializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = models.Publish
            fields = "__all__"

然后我们写cbv中的c，也就是视图类

class Pub_detail_cbv(APIView):
        def get(self,request,id):
            obj = models.Publish.objects.filter(id=id).first()
    
            # bs = pubmodelserializer(obj,many=False,context={'request': request})
            bs = pubmodelserializer(obj, many=False)
            return Response(bs.data)
    
        def put(self,request,id):
            obj = models.Publish.objects.filter(id=id)
            bs = pubmodelserializer(obj,data=request.data)
            if bs.is_valid():
                bs.save()
    
                return Response(bs.data)
            else:
                return Response(bs.errors)

这样，基本框架就完成了，我们开始来实现超链接

首先要为每条url设计**别名**

![1101486-20190301234718396-815349390.png][]

因为我们要对书籍表中的某个字段做超链接处理，所以需要到书籍表的modelserializer类中为超链接字段做特殊的处理

超链接字段使用使用HyperLinkedIdentityField这个类

![1101486-20190302000035168-558302287.png][]

这个必须要有3个参数，后面会具体的分析

class bookmodelserializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = models.Book
            fields = "__all__"
    
        book_publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(
            view_name="publish_url_name",
            lookup_field="book_publish_id",
            lookup_url_kwarg="id"
    
        )

就是我截图框红的这里，下面我们来具体解释下

view\_name就是这个字段我们想显示的url的别名

lookup\_field字段是一个我们自定义的值，因为我们这里的类是对model对象做序列化处理，所以每个model对象都一个序列化的实例，而这个字段就是这个实例的出版社的id

lookup\_url\_kwarg字段就是我们的url参数，比如我们这里写的是id，那么lookup\_filed这个参数对应的值就会赋值给url中命名变量为id这个变量

这里我们在看下url，因为我们的url中这里要显示的id，所以我们在lookup\_fileld就要获取对应的出版社的id，所以这里大家是否清楚了，lookup\_fileld要获取什么值，完全取决于我们在url中变量想要什么值；这里为什么还要指定url中的变量的名称呢？因为url中的变量可不止一个，所以必须要指定变量的名称；这里不能使用位置参数，必须使用命名参数

![1101486-20190301235304273-1777698929.png][]

![1101486-20190301234925660-1002899926.png][]

下面我们通过postman发送一个get请求测试一下

发现会报错

![1101486-20190301235919250-1629804345.png][]

这个报错要这样解决

在视图类中序列化一个modelserializer对象的时候要这么写，其实这也是一个固定的写法，在所以实例化model对象或者queryset中均这样写就好了

class Book_detail_cbv(APIView):
        def get(self,request,id):
            obj = models.Book.objects.filter(id=id).first()
    
            bs = bookmodelserializer(obj,many=False,context={'request': request})
            # bs = bookmodelserializer(obj, many=False,)
            return Response(bs.data)

![1101486-20190302000306374-955158920.png][]

然后我们在测试一下

![1101486-20190302000404019-1382493537.png][]

上面是django1.0版本的处理

===============================================================================================================

在djaong2.0中，稍微有一点不同，就是django2.0中对于二级路由的命令别名和django1.0有些改动，这里稍微做一下回忆

首先在工程的url文件中需要按照下面的格式来写

![1101486-20190302000932910-1235966176.png][]

然后在对应app的url中要这么写

![1101486-20190302001101872-195719249.png][]

最后在超链接类中view\_name要这样指定url的别名

![1101486-20190302001145496-1609111953.png][]

其他均和在django1.0中保持一致

附上在django2.0中的所有的代码

序列化处理的代码

from rest_framework import serializers
    from app1 import models
    from rest_framework.views import APIView
    from rest_framework.response import Response
    from django.urls import reverse
    class bookmodelserializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = models.Book
            fields = "__all__"
        #
        # book_publish = serializers.CharField(source="book_publish.publish_name")
        book_publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(
            view_name= "app1:pub_detail",
            lookup_field="book_publish_id",
            lookup_url_kwarg="pid"
        )
     
     
        def create(self, validated_data):
            print("validated_data",validated_data,"==============================")
     
     
    class pubmodelserializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = models.Publish
            fields = "__all__"

视图类的代码

from django.shortcuts import render
    from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
    from django.shortcuts import redirect
    from django import views
     
    # Create your views here.
     
     
    class Test(views.View):
        def get(self,request):
            print(request,type(request))
            return HttpResponse("ok")
     
        def post(self):
            pass
     
     
     
    from rest_framework import serializers
    from app1 import models
    from rest_framework.views import APIView
    from rest_framework.response import Response
     
    from app1.serializer import *
     
    class Book_modelserializer_cbv(APIView):
        def get(self,request):
     
            queryset_list = models.Book.objects.all()
            ret = bookmodelserializers(queryset_list,many=True)
            print(dir(ret),type(ret))
            return Response(ret.data)
     
     
     
        def post(self,request):
     
            ret = bookmodelserializers(data=request.data)
            print("request.data",request.data,"==============================")
            if ret.is_valid():
                ret.save()
                return Response(ret.data)
            else:
                return Response(ret.errors)
     
     
    class Book_Detail_modelserializer_cbv(APIView):
        def get(self,request,bid):
            obj = models.Book.objects.filter(id=bid).first()
     
            ret = bookmodelserializers(obj,many=False,context={'request': request})
            return Response(ret.data)
     
        def put(self,request,bid):
            obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=bid)
            bs = bookmodelserializers(obj,data=request.data)
            if bs.is_valid():
                bs.save()
                return Response(bs.data)
            else:
                return Response(bs.errors)
     
     
     
        def delete(self,request,bid):
            models.Book.objects.get(id=bid).delete()
            return HttpResponse("删除成功")
     
     
    from django.urls import reverse
     
    class Pub_Detail_modelserializer_cbv(APIView):
        def get(self,request,pid):
            obj = models.Publish.objects.filter(id=pid).first()
     
            ret = pubmodelserializers(obj,many=False,context={'request': request})
            s = reverse("app1:pub_detail",kwargs={"pid":int(pid)})
     
            return Response(ret.data)
     
        def put(self,request,pid):
            obj = models.Publish.objects.get(id=pid)
            bs = pubmodelserializers(obj,data=request.data,)
            if bs.is_valid():
                bs.save()
                return Response(bs.data)
            else:
                return Response(bs.errors)
     
     
     
        def delete(self,request,pid):
            models.Publish.objects.get(id=pid).delete()
            return HttpResponse("删除成功")

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/bainianminguo/p/10459458.html

[1101486-20190301234054366-1994108696.png]: /images/20211223/8168d4095e4c461ab5144099a6411304.png
[1101486-20190301234356297-439744716.png]: /images/20211223/49aeda38ef214809ab31af147ce918a4.png
[1101486-20190301234718396-815349390.png]: /images/20211223/e76815002c1a43caa37f272e47e02fa1.png
[1101486-20190302000035168-558302287.png]: /images/20211223/26e26f12993d4e32a50870675c780bce.png
[1101486-20190301235304273-1777698929.png]: /images/20211223/17f953d0b1d3499ca46e2356d2eaa59b.png
[1101486-20190301234925660-1002899926.png]: /images/20211223/af741fea81ac448fb37d20b9d28dc10f.png
[1101486-20190301235919250-1629804345.png]: /images/20211223/bb6477d9aafc468f93760ebd2271dad1.png
[1101486-20190302000306374-955158920.png]: /images/20211223/826e602b18d042d998d7acb829e27bf8.png
[1101486-20190302000404019-1382493537.png]: /images/20211223/64966cca0c464ea08e80a36ab7829075.png
[1101486-20190302000932910-1235966176.png]: /images/20211223/91517ddae4804ee2beee61801472643d.png
[1101486-20190302001101872-195719249.png]: /images/20211223/64b347bbdb44433886f8cf5907b37043.png
[1101486-20190302001145496-1609111953.png]: /images/20211223/69afe6ef90e94f9287599cabc5769076.png