【英语学习】【医学】Unit 10 Tumor

逃离我推掉我的手 2022-02-01 11:07 258阅读 0赞

《基础医学英语》读书笔记

### 文章目录 ###

*  常见词根/词缀与词源

# 常见词根/词缀与词源 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th align="left">词根/词缀</th> 
   <th align="left">含义</th> 
   <th align="left">示例</th> 
   <th align="left">词源</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">carcin(o)-</td> 
   <td align="left">cancer 癌</td> 
   <td align="left">carcinology 癌学<br> carcinosarcoma 癌肉瘤</td> 
   <td align="left">From Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”)<br>注：螃蟹的两个大鳌钳，类似于鼓起的肿瘤</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">onc(o)-</td> 
   <td align="left">tumor 肿瘤</td> 
   <td align="left">oncogene 癌基因，致癌基因<br> oncocyte 癌细胞</td> 
   <td align="left">from Greek onkos ‘lump, mass, bulk’.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">sarc(o)-</td> 
   <td align="left">flesh, fleshy 肉，肌</td> 
   <td align="left">sarcocyst 肉孢子囊<br> sarcoplasm 肌质</td> 
   <td align="left">Greek sark-, combining form of sarx “flesh” <br> 注：sarcasm 讽刺，挖苦，如针刺肉</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">prostat(o)-</td> 
   <td align="left">prostate 前列腺</td> 
   <td align="left">prostatitis 前列腺炎<br> prostatolith 前列腺结石</td> 
   <td align="left">mid 17th century: via French from modern Latin prostata, from Greek prostatēs ‘one that stands before’, from pro ‘before’ + statos ‘standing’.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">ne(o)-</td> 
   <td align="left">new 新</td> 
   <td align="left">neocyte 未成熟白细胞<br> neopathy 新生物，肿瘤</td> 
   <td align="left">from Greek neos ‘new’.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">prot(o)-</td> 
   <td align="left">primary 原，原始</td> 
   <td align="left">protoblash 胚细胞<br> protopathy 原发病</td> 
   <td align="left">from Greek prōtos ‘first’.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">leuk(o)-<br> leuc(o)-</td> 
   <td align="left">white 白</td> 
   <td align="left">leukocyte 白细胞<br> leukopathy 白斑病</td> 
   <td align="left">from Greek leukos ‘white’.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">retr(o)-</td> 
   <td align="left">behind 后，在后面</td> 
   <td align="left">retropleural 胸模后的<br> retroposition 后位</td> 
   <td align="left">1960s: from French rétro, abbreviation of rétrograde ‘retrograde’ (past, the way things were).</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">hyp(o)-</td> 
   <td align="left">below 低，不足</td> 
   <td align="left">hypogenesis 发育不全<br> hypotension 低血压</td> 
   <td align="left">mid 19th century: abbreviation of hyposulphite (硫代硫酸钠) .<br> 注：先有某个单词，然后把这个单词某部分当作前缀/后缀使用。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-gen</td> 
   <td align="left">原</td> 
   <td align="left">carcinogen 致癌物<br> antigen 抗原</td> 
   <td align="left">from French -gène (18c.), from Greek -genes "born of, produced by“<br> 注：这里的*-gen<em>表示”可以产生“或者”可以导致“ <em>词干</em> 的；最早见于oxy</em>gen*，表示产生氧气的，即氧气。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-therapy</td> 
   <td align="left">therapy 治疗</td> 
   <td align="left">leukotherapy 白细胞疗法<br> radiotherapy 放射疗法</td> 
   <td align="left">mid 19th century: from modern Latin therapia, from Greek therapeia ‘healing’, from therapeuein ‘minister to, treat medically’.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-algia</td> 
   <td align="left">pain, ache 痛</td> 
   <td align="left">cardialgia 心脏痛<br> aortalgia 主动脉痛</td> 
   <td align="left">from Greek algos ‘pain’.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">tachy-</td> 
   <td align="left">fast, too fast 快，过快</td> 
   <td align="left">tachycardia 心动过速<br> tachypnea 呼吸急促</td> 
   <td align="left">from Greek takhus ‘swift’.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">ur(o)-</td> 
   <td align="left">urine 尿</td> 
   <td align="left">urine 尿<br> urography 尿道造影术</td> 
   <td align="left">From Ancient Greek οὖρον (oûron). <br>urine; relating to urine and the urinary system.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">megal(o)-</td> 
   <td align="left">great 大</td> 
   <td align="left">megalocystis 巨膀胱<br> megalohepatia 巨肝</td> 
   <td align="left">from Greek megas, megal- ‘great’.</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>