【英语学习】【医学】有机化学 - 烷的命名

爱被打了一巴掌 2022-02-01 13:19 214阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  烷烃的命名

# 烷烃的命名 #

主要掌握数字前缀。  
10：*dec* —> *un*\-dec, *do*\-dec, *tri*\-dec, *tetra*\-dec, *penta*\-dec, *hexa*\-dec, *hepta*\-dec, *octa*\-dec, *nona*\-dec.  
20：*eicos* 或者*cos* —>*hen*\-eicos, *do*\-cos, *tri*\-cos, *tetra*\-cos, …  
30：*tria-cont* —> *hen*\-triacont, *do*\-triacont, *tri*\-triacont, …  
40：*tetra-cont* —> *hen*\-tetracont, *do*\-tetracont, *tri*\-tetracont, …  
50：*penta-cont* —> *hen*\-pentacont, *do*\-pentacont, *tri*\-pentacont, …  
60：*hexa-cont*

<table> 
 <thead> 
 <tr> 
 <th>编号</th> 
 <th>分子式</th> 
 <th>英文名</th> 
 <th>中文名</th> 
 </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>1</td> 
 <td>CH4</td> 
 <td>methane</td> 
 <td>甲烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>2</td> 
 <td>C2H6</td> 
 <td>ethane</td> 
 <td>乙烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>3</td> 
 <td>C3H8</td> 
 <td>propane</td> 
 <td>丙烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>4</td> 
 <td>C4H10</td> 
 <td>butane</td> 
 <td>丁烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>5</td> 
 <td>C5H12</td> 
 <td>pentane</td> 
 <td>戊烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>6</td> 
 <td>C6H14</td> 
 <td>hexane</td> 
 <td>己烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>7</td> 
 <td>C7H16</td> 
 <td>heptane</td> 
 <td>庚烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>8</td> 
 <td>C8H18</td> 
 <td>octane</td> 
 <td>辛烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>9</td> 
 <td>C9H20</td> 
 <td>nonane</td> 
 <td>壬烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>10</td> 
 <td>C10H22</td> 
 <td>decane</td> 
 <td>癸烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>11</td> 
 <td>C11H24</td> 
 <td>un-decane</td> 
 <td>11烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>12</td> 
 <td>C12H26</td> 
 <td>do-decane</td> 
 <td>12烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>13</td> 
 <td>C13H28</td> 
 <td>tri-decane</td> 
 <td>13烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>14</td> 
 <td>C14H30</td> 
 <td>tetra-decane</td> 
 <td>14烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>15</td> 
 <td>C15H32</td> 
 <td>penta-decane</td> 
 <td>15烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>16</td> 
 <td>C16H34</td> 
 <td>hexa-decane</td> 
 <td>16烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>17</td> 
 <td>C17H36</td> 
 <td>hepta-decane</td> 
 <td>17烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>18</td> 
 <td>C18H38</td> 
 <td>octa-decane</td> 
 <td>18烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>19</td> 
 <td>C19H40</td> 
 <td>nona-decane</td> 
 <td>19烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>20</td> 
 <td>C20H42</td> 
 <td>eicosane</td> 
 <td>20烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>21</td> 
 <td>C21H44</td> 
 <td>hen-eicosane</td> 
 <td>21烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>22</td> 
 <td>C22H46</td> 
 <td>do-cosane</td> 
 <td>22烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>23</td> 
 <td>C23H48</td> 
 <td>tri-cosane</td> 
 <td>23烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>24</td> 
 <td>C24H50</td> 
 <td>tetra-cosane</td> 
 <td>24烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>25</td> 
 <td>C25H52</td> 
 <td>penta-cosane</td> 
 <td>25烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>26</td> 
 <td>C26H54</td> 
 <td>hexa-cosane</td> 
 <td>26烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>27</td> 
 <td>C27H56</td> 
 <td>hepta-cosane</td> 
 <td>27烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>28</td> 
 <td>C28H58</td> 
 <td>octa-cosane</td> 
 <td>28烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>29</td> 
 <td>C29H60</td> 
 <td>nona-cosane</td> 
 <td>29烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>30</td> 
 <td>C30H62</td> 
 <td>triacontane</td> 
 <td>30烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>31</td> 
 <td>C31H64</td> 
 <td>hen-triacontane</td> 
 <td>31烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>32</td> 
 <td>C32H66</td> 
 <td>do-triacontane</td> 
 <td>32烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>33</td> 
 <td>C33H68</td> 
 <td>tri-triacontane</td> 
 <td>33烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>34</td> 
 <td>C34H70</td> 
 <td>tetra-triacontane</td> 
 <td>34烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>35</td> 
 <td>C35H72</td> 
 <td>penta-triacontane</td> 
 <td>35烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>36</td> 
 <td>C36H74</td> 
 <td>hexa-triacontane</td> 
 <td>36烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>37</td> 
 <td>C37H76</td> 
 <td>hepta-triacontane</td> 
 <td>37烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>38</td> 
 <td>C38H78</td> 
 <td>octa-triacontane</td> 
 <td>38烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>39</td> 
 <td>C39H70</td> 
 <td>nona-triacontane</td> 
 <td>39烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>40</td> 
 <td>C40H82</td> 
 <td>tetracontane</td> 
 <td>40烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>41</td> 
 <td>C41H84</td> 
 <td>hen-tetracontane</td> 
 <td>41烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>42</td> 
 <td>C42H86</td> 
 <td>do-tetracontane</td> 
 <td>42烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>43</td> 
 <td>C43H88</td> 
 <td>tri-tetracontane</td> 
 <td>43烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>44</td> 
 <td>C44H90</td> 
 <td>tetra-tetracontane</td> 
 <td>44烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>45</td> 
 <td>C45H92</td> 
 <td>penta-tetracontane</td> 
 <td>45烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>46</td> 
 <td>C46H94</td> 
 <td>hex-tetracontane</td> 
 <td>46烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>47</td> 
 <td>C47H96</td> 
 <td>hepta-tetracontane</td> 
 <td>47烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>48</td> 
 <td>C48H98</td> 
 <td>octa-tetracontane</td> 
 <td>48烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>49</td> 
 <td>C49H100</td> 
 <td>nona-tetracontane</td> 
 <td>49烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>50</td> 
 <td>C50H102</td> 
 <td>pentacontane</td> 
 <td>50烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>51</td> 
 <td>C51H104</td> 
 <td>hen-pentacontane</td> 
 <td>51烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>52</td> 
 <td>C52H106</td> 
 <td>do-pentacontane</td> 
 <td>52烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>53</td> 
 <td>C53H108</td> 
 <td>tri-pentacontane</td> 
 <td>53烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>54</td> 
 <td>C54H110</td> 
 <td>tetra-pentacontane</td> 
 <td>54烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>55</td> 
 <td>C55H112</td> 
 <td>penta-pentacontane</td> 
 <td>55烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>56</td> 
 <td>C56H114</td> 
 <td>hexa-pentacontane</td> 
 <td>56烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>57</td> 
 <td>C57H116</td> 
 <td>hepta-pentacontane</td> 
 <td>57烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>58</td> 
 <td>C58H118</td> 
 <td>octa-pentacontane</td> 
 <td>58烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>59</td> 
 <td>C59H120</td> 
 <td>nona-pentacontane</td> 
 <td>59烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>60</td> 
 <td>C60H122</td> 
 <td>hexacontane</td> 
 <td>60烷</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>