centos7 安装mysql

妖狐艹你老母 2022-02-12 12:39 323阅读 0赞

### **Centos7 安装和配置Mysql5.7** ###

**第一步：下载和安装mysql源**

\-bash: wget: 未找到命令

我们先安装下wget

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install wget

然后执行 wget [https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm][https_dev.mysql.com_get_mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm]

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

安装mysql源

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

**第二步：在线安装Mysql**

[root@localhost ~]#  yum -y install mysql-community-server

下载的东西比较多 要稍微等会；

**第三步：修改  **/etc/my.cnf 配置文件

修改/etc/my.cnf 配置文件内的文件目录

character\_set\_server=utf8

init\_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

datadir=/data/mysql/data

sql\_mode=STRICT\_TRANS\_TABLES,NO\_AUTO\_CREATE\_USER,NO\_ENGINE\_SUBSTITUTION

log-error=/data/mysql/log/mysqld.log

[root@localhost ~]#  vi /etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
    # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
    
    [mysqld]
    
    character_set_server=utf8        #设置编码格式 新添加
    init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'    #新添加
    
    #
    # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
    # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
    # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
    #
    # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
    # changes to the binary log between backups.
    # log_bin
    #
    # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
    # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
    # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
    # join_buffer_size = 128M
    # sort_buffer_size = 2M
    # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
    # datadir=/var/lib/mysql        #注释掉
    
     datadir=/data/mysql/data     #新添加
     socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    
    # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
    symbolic-links=0
    
    #log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
    
     pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
     sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION     #新添加
     log-error=/data/mysql/log/mysqld.log         #新添加

其中：

SQL\_MODE：通过对其正确的设置可以完成一些约束检查的工作，设置时，在配置文件my.cnf 中配置进行全局的设置。

STRICT\_TRANS\_TALES（严格模式）：

只对支持事务的表启用严格模式

NO\_AUTO\_CREATE\_USER：

禁止GRANT创建密码为空的用户。

NO\_ENGINE\_SUBSTITUTION：

启用后，若需要的存储引擎被禁用或未编译，则抛出错误；未启用时将用默认的存储引擎代替，并抛出一个异常。

**第四步：创建mysql 文件目录**

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/log

**第五步：生成首次登录随机密码**

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize

通过上面命令会在 /data/mysql/log/mysqld.log 中生成随机码，随机码用来首次登录mysql。

[root@localhost ~]# cat /data/mysql/log/mysqld.log
    2019-05-23T12:48:17.757057Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
    2019-05-23T12:48:17.757355Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
    2019-05-23T12:48:19.147698Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
    2019-05-23T12:48:19.309774Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
    2019-05-23T12:48:19.380157Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 0a88ab8c-7d59-11e9-a2b7-000c29880bed.
    2019-05-23T12:48:19.383170Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
    2019-05-23T12:48:19.386070Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: -fzgyeT.=5lu

首次登录密码为：-fzgyeT.=5lu

**第六步：修改mysql 文件目录所有者为 mysql 用户**

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

**第七步：启动mysql 设置开机启动**

[root@localhost ~]#  systemctl start mysqld.service
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]#  systemctl stop mysqld.service
    [root@localhost ~]#  systemctl start mysqld.service

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

如果再次启动报错，就重启Linux 系统。

**第八步：登录Mysql**

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p '-fzgyeT.=5lu'
    Enter password: 
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 2
    Server version: 5.7.26
    mysql> 
    mysql> show databases;
    ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

**第九步：重置密码**

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate\_password%';

如果不为空，在重置时不想密码设置得那么复杂。需要设置validate\_password\_policy 参数：

set password=PASSWORD('12345678');

如果为空，可直接设置密码，密码长度可小于8。

set password=PASSWORD('123456');

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
    Empty set (0.02 sec)
    
    mysql> set password=PASSWORD('123456');
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> exit

设置完密码后，需要用新密码重新登录

**第十步：设置远程登录**

Mysql默认不允许远程登录，我们需要设置下，并且防火墙开放3306端口；

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
    
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql> exit;

退出下；

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
    
    success
    
    [root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
    
    success
    
    [root@localhost ~]#

开放3306端口

**第十一步：测试**

我们用本机的navicat远程连接下虚拟机里的mysql

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2R1Z3V4aW5nZmVuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

OK 至此 Mysql安装配置完毕；

\------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

修改mysql的用户名  密码  
        use mysql;  
        delete from user where user='';  
        update user set host='%' where host='localhost';  
        update user set password=PASSWORD('123456') where user='root';  
        flush privileges;  
          
        退出mysql  
        重启mysql服务

[https_dev.mysql.com_get_mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm]: https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
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