DJango - 接口访问方法 Demo

- 日理万妓 2022-05-14 14:34 241阅读 0赞

# 目的 #

> 理解 Django 交互方法  
> test1
> 
> > 访问接口， 然后直接返回数据 (json)
> 
> test2
> 
> > GET 与 POST 访问 \[ 这里只介绍 GET, POST 同理 \]
> 
> test3
> 
> > 访问接口, 返回静态网页数据
> 
> test4
> 
> > 访问接口，返回动态网页，HTML 专用
> 
> test5
> 
> > 访问接口，返回动态网页，JAVASCRIPT 专用
> 
> test6
> 
> > 文件下载 (csv) [参考 CSV EXPORT 文档][CSV EXPORT]

# 说明 #

> 在使用 DJango 时，除了编写 pytonn 代码以外，还需要注意下面事情
> 
> > 需要配置路由 ([urls.py][]) 定义接口 [http://x.x.x.x/接口/][http_x.x.x.x]  
> > pyton 程序 (后端) 与网页程序 (前段) 是相互独立，但也可以配合工作

# example #

参考文件结构

.
    ├── demo                       <- 项目目录
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── settings.py
    │   ├── urls.py                <- 路由文件
    │   └── wsgi.py
    ├── manage.py
    ├── template                   <- 动态 html 位置
    │   ├── test3.html
    │   ├── test4.html
    │   └── test5.html
    └── tiweb                      <-- apps
        ├── __init__.py
        ├── migrations
        │   └── __init__.py
        └── views.py               <- python 代码

## 路由配置 ##

工作方式

client -> uwsgi -> urls.py 
                         \-->  /test1/
                                  \-->  python( 运算 )
               uwsgi  <---------------------|

参考 [urls.py][]

from django.conf.urls import url
    from tiweb import views
    
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^test1/', views.Demo.test1),
        url(r'^test2/', views.Demo.test2),
        url(r'^test3/', views.Demo.test3),
        url(r'^test4/', views.Demo.test4),
        url(r'^test5/', views.Demo.test5),
    ]

## 参考代码 ##

### test1 ###

[views.py][]

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    from __future__ import unicode_literals
    
    from django.shortcuts import render
    from django.http import HttpRequest
    from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse, render_to_response
    import json
    from django.core   import serializers
    
    # Create your views here.
    
    class Demo(object):
    
        @staticmethod
        def test1(request):
            data = {}
            data['report'] = 'it my data'
            data['code'] = '1001'
            sample = json.dumps(data)
            return HttpResponse(sample,content_type="application/json")

### 效果 ###

![test1][]

### test2 ###

[views.py][]

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    from __future__ import unicode_literals
    
    from django.shortcuts import render
    from django.http import HttpRequest
    from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse, render_to_response
    import json
    from django.core   import serializers
    
    # Create your views here.
    
    class Demo(object):
    
    @staticmethod
    def test2(request):
        if request.method == 'GET':
            name =  request.GET.get('name','not_define')
            id = request.GET.get('id','0')
            msg={}
            msg['id'] = id
            msg['name'] = name
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(msg),content_type="application/json" )

### 效果 ###

不带参数效果  
![test2\_1][test2_1]

带参数效果  
![test2\_2][test2_2]

### test3 ###

[views.py][]

test3.hmlt

### 效果 ###

![test3][]

### test4 ###

[views.py][]

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    from __future__ import unicode_literals
    
    from django.shortcuts import render
    from django.http import HttpRequest
    from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse, render_to_response
    import json
    from django.core   import serializers
    
    # Create your views here.
    class Demo(object):
    
    @staticmethod
    def test4(request):
        if request.method == 'GET':
            name =  request.GET.get('name','not_define')
            id = request.GET.get('id','0')
            msg={}
            msg['id'] = id
            msg['name'] = name
            msg['title'] = 'test4'
        return render( request, 'test4.html', { 'data': msg } )

test4.html

<html>
    <head>
    <title>just for test4</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <th align=right width=150>变量</th><th align=right width=150>值</th>
      </tr>
      {% for key, value in data.items %}
      <tr>
        <td align=right>{
       { key }}</td><td align=right>{
       { value }}</td>
      </tr>
      {% endfor %}
    </table>
    </body>
    </html>

### 效果 ###

不带参数效果  
![test4\_1][test4_1]  
带参数效果  
![tet4\_2][tet4_2]

### test5 ###

[views.py][]

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    from __future__ import unicode_literals
    
    from django.shortcuts import render
    from django.http import HttpRequest
    from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse, render_to_response
    import json
    from django.core   import serializers
    
    # Create your views here.
    class Demo(object):
    
    @staticmethod
    def test5(request):
        if request.method == 'GET':
            name =  request.GET.get('name','not_define')
            id = request.GET.get('id','0')
            msg={}
            msg['id'] = id
            msg['name'] = name
            msg['title'] = 'test5'
        return render( request, 'test5.html', { 'data': json.dumps(msg) } )

test5.html

<html>
    <head>
    <title>just for test4</title>
      <script type="text/javascript">
        var data = {
       { data|safe  }};
        var id = data.id;
        var name = data.name;
        var title = data.title;
        function varFunction() {
            document.getElementById("id").innerHTML = id;
            document.getElementById("name").innerHTML = name;
            document.getElementById("title").innerHTML = title;
        }
      </script>
    </head>
    <body onload="varFunction()">
     <table>
      <tr>
         <th align=right width=150>变量名</th>
         <th align=right width=150>值</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
         <td align=right>ID</td>
         <td align=right><span id="id"></span></td>
      </tr>
       <tr>
         <td align=right>NAME</td>
         <td align=right><span id="name"></span></td>
      </tr>
       <tr>
         <td align=right>TITLE</td>
         <td align=right><span id="title"></span></td>
      </tr>
     </table>
    </body>
    </html>

### 效果 ###

不带参数效果  
![test5\_1][test5_1]  
带参数效果  
![test5\_2][test5_2]

markdown plugin:

[https://github.com/knsv/mermaid][https_github.com_knsv_mermaid]  
[https://vxhly.github.io/2018/05/markdown-mermaid-flow-chart/][https_vxhly.github.io_2018_05_markdown-mermaid-flow-chart]  
[https://support.typora.io/Draw-Diagrams-With-Markdown/][https_support.typora.io_Draw-Diagrams-With-Markdown]  
[https://www.cnblogs.com/wuyida/p/6301240.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_wuyida_p_6301240.html]

[CSV EXPORT]: https://blog.csdn.net/signmem/article/details/83147884
[urls.py]: http://urls.py
[http_x.x.x.x]: http://x.x.x.x/%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3/
[views.py]: http://views.py
[test1]: /images/20220504/a6d059f1201246ee901f088554228c3e.png
[test2_1]: /images/20220504/12047bc104ea475ba1fe27046becbb32.png
[test2_2]: /images/20220504/fa2138349f3547659ad2a61fb618565e.png
[test3]: /images/20220504/209514f3da95422daf2d65d1f3949aff.png
[test4_1]: /images/20220504/eca1dbe5989047de8069c8ce7eb629ae.png
[tet4_2]: /images/20220504/596a12ae3d364e5cadc5300397d63382.png
[test5_1]: /images/20220504/a5dd292880f543209749ebb7c4dfddf4.png
[test5_2]: /images/20220504/0a3b6aeb804f48bf9692700ef28f4ff0.png
[https_github.com_knsv_mermaid]: https://github.com/knsv/mermaid
[https_vxhly.github.io_2018_05_markdown-mermaid-flow-chart]: https://vxhly.github.io/2018/05/markdown-mermaid-flow-chart/
[https_support.typora.io_Draw-Diagrams-With-Markdown]: https://support.typora.io/Draw-Diagrams-With-Markdown/
[https_www.cnblogs.com_wuyida_p_6301240.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/wuyida/p/6301240.html