解决冲突

分手后的思念是犯贱 2022-06-01 03:23 305阅读 0赞

人生不如意之事十之八九，合并分支往往也不是一帆风顺的。

准备新的`feature1`分支，继续我们的新分支开发：

$ git checkout -b feature1
    Switched to a new branch 'feature1'

修改readme.txt最后一行，改为：

Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.

在`feature1`分支上提交：

$ git add readme.txt 
    $ git commit -m "AND simple"
    [feature1 75a857c] AND simple
     1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

切换到`master`分支：

$ git checkout master
    Switched to branch 'master'
    Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.

Git还会自动提示我们当前`master`分支比远程的`master`分支要超前1个提交。

在`master`分支上把readme.txt文件的最后一行改为：

Creating a new branch is quick & simple.

提交：

$ git add readme.txt 
    $ git commit -m "& simple"
    [master 400b400] & simple
     1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

现在，`master`分支和`feature1`分支各自都分别有新的提交，变成了这样：

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

这种情况下，Git无法执行“快速合并”，只能试图把各自的修改合并起来，但这种合并就可能会有冲突，我们试试看：

$ git merge feature1
    Auto-merging readme.txt
    CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in readme.txt
    Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.

果然冲突了！Git告诉我们，readme.txt文件存在冲突，必须手动解决冲突后再提交。`git status`也可以告诉我们冲突的文件：

$ git status
    # On branch master
    # Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits.
    #
    # Unmerged paths:
    # (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
    #
    # both modified: readme.txt
    #
    no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

我们可以直接查看readme.txt的内容：

Git is a distributed version control system.
    Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
    Git has a mutable index called stage.
    Git tracks changes of files.
    <<<<<<< HEAD
    Creating a new branch is quick & simple.
    =======
    Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.
    >>>>>>> feature1

Git用`<<<<<<<`，`=======`，`>>>>>>>`标记出不同分支的内容，我们修改如下后保存：

Creating a new branch is quick and simple.

再提交：

$ git add readme.txt 
    $ git commit -m "conflict fixed"
    [master 59bc1cb] conflict fixed

现在，`master`分支和`feature1`分支变成了下图所示：

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]

用带参数的`git log`也可以看到分支的合并情况：

$ git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit
    *   59bc1cb conflict fixed
    |\
    | * 75a857c AND simple
    * | 400b400 & simple
    |/
    * fec145a branch test
    ...

最后，删除`feature1`分支：

$ git branch -d feature1
    Deleted branch feature1 (was 75a857c).

**小结**

当Git无法自动合并分支时，就必须首先解决冲突。解决冲突后，再提交，合并完成。

用`git log --graph`命令可以看到分支合并图。

**文章转自：**

[https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000/001375840202368c74be33fbd884e71b570f2cc3c0d1dcf000][https_www.liaoxuefeng.com_wiki_0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000_001375840202368c74be33fbd884e71b570f2cc3c0d1dcf000]

[SouthEast]: /images/20220601/1ea1479cb58547a1a61d9b38886e18f3.png
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20220601/185b405011a04fe6b00c8b6858044d67.png
[https_www.liaoxuefeng.com_wiki_0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000_001375840202368c74be33fbd884e71b570f2cc3c0d1dcf000]: https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000/001375840202368c74be33fbd884e71b570f2cc3c0d1dcf000