数据结构之堆栈与队列

清疚 2022-08-21 00:03 192阅读 0赞

### 堆栈与队列是两种重要的基础数据结构，一个是先入后出，一个是先入先出，有着广泛的应用，本文分别使用数组与链表实现堆栈与队列 ###

### 顺序存储方式实现堆栈 ###

#define MaxSize 20
    #define ERROR -1
    typedef struct {
        int Data[MaxSize];
        int Top;
    } Stack;
    
    Stack *CreateStack( int maxSize)//： 生成空堆栈，其最大长度为MaxSize；
    {
        Stack *s=(Stack*)malloc(sizeof(Stack)*maxSize);
        s->Top=-1;
        return s;
    }
    int IsFull( Stack *S, int maxSize)//：判断堆栈S是否已满；
    {
        if (S->Top==maxSize-1)
        {
            return 1;
        }else
        {
            return 0;
        }
    }
    void Push( Stack *S, int item )//：将元素item压入堆栈；
    {
        if (S->Top==MaxSize-1)
        {
            printf("the stack is full");
            return;
        }
        else
        {
            S->Data[++(S->Top)]=item;
            return;
        }
    
    }
    int IsEmpty ( Stack *S )//：判断堆栈S是否为空；
    {
        if (S->Top=-1)
        {
            return 1;
        }else
        {
            return 0;
        }
    }
    int Pop( Stack *S )//：删除并返回栈顶元素；
    {
        if (S->Top==-1)
        {
            printf("the stack is empty");
            return ERROR;
        }
        else
        {
            return S->Data[(S->Top)--];
        }
    }
    
    void show(Stack *s)
    {
        int i;
        for(i=0;i<=s->Top;i++)
        {
            printf("%d ",s->Data[i]);
        }
    }
    
    void main()
    {
        int a,b;
        Stack *s=CreateStack(MaxSize);
        while (1)
        {
            printf("please enter your order:");
            scanf("%d",&a);
            switch (a)
            {
            case 1:
                scanf("%d",&b);
                Push(s,b);
                break;
            case 2:
            Pop(s);
            break;
            case 3:
                show(s);
                break;
            case 4:
                exit(0);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
    
    }

![堆栈][20160305203628385]

### 链式堆栈 ###

typedef struct Node{
        int Data;
        struct Node *Next;
    } LinkStack;
    
    LinkStack *CreateStack()
    {
        LinkStack *s=(LinkStack*)malloc(sizeof(LinkStack));
        s->Next=NULL;
        return s;
    }
    
    int IsEmpty(LinkStack *s)
    {
        return (s->Next==NULL);
    }
    
    void Push( int item, LinkStack *S )
    {
        LinkStack *TmpCell;
        TmpCell=(LinkStack*)malloc(sizeof(LinkStack));
        TmpCell->Data=item;
        TmpCell->Next=S->Next;
        S->Next=TmpCell;
    
    }
    
    int pop(LinkStack *s)
    {
        LinkStack *firstItem;
        int topNum;
        if (IsEmpty(s))
        {
            printf("stack is empty");
            return NULL;
        }
    
        firstItem=s->Next;
        s->Next=firstItem->Next;
        topNum=firstItem->Data;
        free(firstItem);
        return topNum;
    
    }
    void show(LinkStack *s)
    {
        s=s->Next;
        while (s)
        {
    
            printf("%d ",s->Data);
            s=s->Next;
        }
    }
    
    void main()
    {
        int a,b;
        LinkStack *s=CreateStack();
        while (1)
        {
            printf("please enter your order:");
            scanf("%d",&a);
            switch (a)
            {
            case 1:
                scanf("%d",&b);
                Push(b,s);
                break;
            case 2:
                pop(s);
                break;
            case 3:
                show(s);
                break;
            case 4:
                exit(0);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
    }

![堆栈][20160305203656604]

### 顺序存储队列 ###

#define MaxSize 20
    #define ERROR -1
    typedef struct {
        int Data[ MaxSize ];
        int rear;
        int front;
    } Queue;
    
    void AddQ( Queue *PtrQ, int item)
    {
        if ((PtrQ->rear+1)%MaxSize==PtrQ->front)
        {
            printf("the queue is full");
    
        }
    
        else
        {
            PtrQ->rear=(PtrQ->rear+1)%MaxSize;
            PtrQ->Data[PtrQ->rear]=item;
        }
    }
    
    int DeleteQ ( Queue *PtrQ )
    {
        if (PtrQ->front==PtrQ->rear)
        {
            printf("the queue is empty");
    
        }else
        {
            PtrQ->front=(PtrQ->front+1)%MaxSize;
            return PtrQ->Data[PtrQ->front-1];
        }
    }
    void show(Queue *PtrQ)
    {
        int i;
        for(i=PtrQ->front+1;i<=PtrQ->rear;i++)
        {
            printf("%d ",PtrQ->Data[i%MaxSize]);
        }
    }
    
    void main()
    {
        int a,b;
        Queue *q=(Queue*)malloc(sizeof(Queue));
        q->front=-1;
        q->rear=-1;
    
        while (1)
        {
            printf("please enter your order:");
            scanf("%d",&a);
            switch (a)
            {
            case 1:
                scanf("%d",&b);
                AddQ(q,b);
                break;
            case 2:
                DeleteQ(q);
                break;
            case 3:
                show(q);
                break;
            case 4:
                exit(0);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
    }

![队列][20160305203750731]

### 链式队列 ###

#define ERROR -1
    typedef struct Node{
        int  Data;
        struct Node *Next;
    }QNode;
    typedef struct { /* 链队列结构 */
        QNode *rear; /* 指向队尾结点 */
        QNode *front; /* 指向队头结点 */
    } LinkQueue;
    
    LinkQueue* AddQuee(LinkQueue *PtrL,int item)
    {
        QNode *node;
        node=PtrL->rear;
        if (PtrL->front==NULL)
        {
            QNode *q=(QNode*)malloc(sizeof(QNode));
            q->Next=NULL;
            q->Data=item;
            PtrL->front=q;
            PtrL->rear=q;
            return PtrL;
        }
        else
        {
            QNode *q=(QNode*)malloc(sizeof(QNode));
            q->Next=NULL;
            q->Data=item;
            node->Next=q;
            PtrL->rear=q;
            return PtrL;
        }
    }
    
    int DeleteQ ( LinkQueue *PtrQ )
    {
        QNode *firstNode;
        int NodeItem;
    
        if (PtrQ->front==NULL)
        {
            printf("queue is empty");
            return ERROR;
        }
    
        firstNode=PtrQ->front;
        if (PtrQ->front==PtrQ->rear)
        {
            PtrQ->front=PtrQ->rear=NULL;
        }else
        {
            PtrQ->front=PtrQ->front->Next;
        }
    
        NodeItem=firstNode->Data;
        free(firstNode);
        return NodeItem;
    }
    
    void show(LinkQueue *q)
    {
        QNode *node;
        node=q->front;
        while (node)
        {
            printf("%d ",node->Data);
            node=node->Next;
        }
    }
    
    void main()
    {
        int a,b;
        LinkQueue *q=(LinkQueue*)malloc(sizeof(LinkQueue));
        q->front=NULL;
        q->rear=NULL;
    
    
        while (1)
        {
            printf("please enter your order:");
            scanf("%d",&a);
            switch (a)
            {
            case 1:
                scanf("%d",&b);
                q=AddQuee(q,b);
                break;
            case 2:
                DeleteQ(q);
                break;
            case 3:
                show(q);
                break;
            case 4:
                exit(0);
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
    }

![队列][20160305203843592]

[20160305203628385]: /images/20220731/23b05515bf7644338424e066f6896d18.png
[20160305203656604]: /images/20220731/5d05c209496b49468ace1d2d0c9711fc.png
[20160305203750731]: /images/20220731/9891f9ef759c44bdb769378f267b1fe0.png
[20160305203843592]: /images/20220731/857a29b1d1874cf0a1137fed776f71f7.png