mongodb 添加用户及权限设置详解

﹏ヽ暗。殇╰゛Y 2022-09-23 10:58 300阅读 0赞

# mongodb 添加用户及权限设置详解 #

我知道的关系型数据库都是有权限控制的，什么用户能访问什么库，什么表，什么用户可以插入，更新，而有的用户只有读取权限。

例如：mysql安装配置好后，有一个自带的mysql数据库，里面有一张user表，用来存放用户，以及用户权限，而mongodb这个最像关系型的数据库，有没有这样的表呢。

一，掌握权限，理解下面4条基本上就差不多

1，mongodb是没有默认管理员账号，所以要先添加管理员账号，在开启权限认证。  
2，切换到admin数据库，添加的账号才是管理员账号。  
3，用户只能在用户所在数据库登录，包括管理员账号。  
4，管理员可以管理所有数据库，但是不能直接管理其他数据库，要先在admin数据库认证后才可以。这一点比较怪

二，添加管理员账号

[?][Link 1]

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   <td> 
    <div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">[root@localhost zhangy]# mongo</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">MongoDB shell version: 2.4.6</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">connecting to: tank</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">&gt; use admin&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //切换到admin数据库</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">switched to db admin</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">&gt; show collections;</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">system.indexes</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">system.users&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //用户表</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">&gt; db.system.users.find();&nbsp;&nbsp; //用户表没有数据</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">&gt; db.addUser('tank','test');&nbsp; //添加一个管理员账号</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">{ </span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>"user" : "tank",</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>"readOnly" : false,</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>"pwd" : "988432606980d0695e4f668f6bbc643a",</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>"_id" : ObjectId("529e5d543b6a4608ac833429")</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">}</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

三，开启动用户权限认证

[?][Link 1]

四，用户只能在用户所在数据库登录，管理员需要通过admin认证后才能管理其他数据库

[?][Link 1]

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    <div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>[root@localhost zhangy]</code><code># mongo</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">MongoDB shell version: 2.4.6</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">connecting to: tank</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&gt; show dbs;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>//</code><code>显示所有数据库失败，因为还没有认证</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>Wed Dec 4 06:39:50.925 listDatabases failed:{ </code><code>"ok"</code><code>: 0, </code><code>"errmsg"</code> <code>: </code> <code>"unauthorized"</code><code>} at src</code><code>/mongo/shell/mongo</code><code>.js:46</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&gt; db.auth(</code><code>'tank'</code><code>,</code><code>'test'</code><code>);&nbsp;</code><code>//</code><code>认证失败，因为这个用户不属于tank这个数据库</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>Error: 18 { code: 18, ok: 0.0, errmsg:</code><code>"auth fails"</code><code>} </code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">0</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&gt; use admin&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>//</code><code>切换到admin数据库 </code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">switched to db admin</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&gt; db.auth(</code><code>'tank'</code><code>,</code><code>'test'</code><code>);&nbsp;</code><code>//</code><code>在admin数据库认证成功</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">1</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&gt; use tank;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>//</code><code>切换到tank数据库</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">switched to db tank</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&gt; show collections;&nbsp;</code><code>//</code><code>不会在提示没有权限了</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">contact</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">system.indexes</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">users</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

五，添加普通用启

[?][Link 1]

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   <td> 
    <div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">&gt; use tank;</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">switched to db tank</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">&gt; db.addUser('tank1','test');&nbsp;&nbsp; //为tank数据库添加了一个可读写用户tank1</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">{ </span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>"_id" : ObjectId("529e5f8474b4c660718a70f3"),</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>"user" : "tank1",</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>"readOnly" : false,</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>"pwd" : "35dd47abff098f5b4f0b567db8edeac5"</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">}</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">&gt; db.addUser('tank2','test',true); //为tank数据库添加了一个只读用户tank2</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">{ </span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>"user" : "tank2",</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>"readOnly" : true,</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>"pwd" : "1792916c544d247538ded52e6df7b887",</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial"><code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>"_id" : ObjectId("529e67553992b24438d5e315")</code></span></span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">}</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">&gt; exit&nbsp; //退出</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">bye</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">[root@localhost zhangy]# mongo</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">MongoDB shell version: 2.4.6</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">connecting to: tank</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <code><span style="font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="font-family:Arial">&gt; db.auth('tank1','test');&nbsp; //刚添加的用户可以登录。</span></span></code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

六，php客户端连接  
1， 推荐方法一

[?][Link 1]

这种方式比较好理解，根命令行下的操作过程差不多。

2，推荐方法二

[?][Link 1]

[Link 1]: http://www.jb51.net/article/52485.htm#