python好例子集锦

朴灿烈づ我的快乐病毒、 2022-10-27 12:24 269阅读 0赞

### python好例子集锦 ###

这些程序大多取自或借鉴网上源码，整理在此，便于初学者借鉴，提高学习兴趣。包括：**风车动画、小轿车、新年贺卡、驾驶摩托车小游戏、圣诞贺卡**

**一、风车动画**

效果图如下：

![20210812082912273.gif][]

源代码如下：

import turtle  as t
     
    t.pensize(2)
    t.hideturtle()
    windSpeed = 2
    radius = 50
     
    def windmill(c):
        t.pencolor(c)
        t.tracer(False) #隐藏绘制轨迹，之后用update()直接出图
        for i in range(4):
            t.forward(2*radius)
            t.right(90)
            t.circle(-radius,180)
     
    while True:
        windmill('red')
        t.update() #刷新图画
        windmill('white') #在此用背景色白色重绘风车，以此清除之前的黑色轨迹
        t.right(windSpeed)
     
    t.done()

**二、小轿车**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NuZHMxMjM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

源码如下：

import turtle as t
    #车身
    t.penup()
    t.goto(-130,0)
    t.pencolor("red")
    t.pendown()
    t.goto(-75,0)
    t.penup()
    t.goto(-25,0)
    t.pendown()
    t.pencolor("red")
    t.goto(50,0)
    t.penup()
    t.goto(100,0)
    t.pendown()
    t.pencolor("red")
    t.goto(125,0)
    t.color("red")
    t.begin_fill()
    t.goto(125,40)
    t.goto(120,40)
    t.goto(65,70)
    t.goto(-40,70)
    t.goto(-75,40)
    t.goto(-105,40)
    t.goto(-130,0)
    t.end_fill()
    
    #轮
    t.penup()
    t.goto(-50,-25)
    t.color("black")
    t.begin_fill()
    t.pendown()
    t.circle(25)
    t.end_fill()
    t.penup()
    t.goto(75,-25)
    t.color("black")
    t.begin_fill()
    t.pendown()
    t.circle(25)
    t.end_fill()
    
    #门
    t.penup()
    t.pensize(4)
    t.goto(-40,65)
    t.pendown()
    t.pencolor("black")
    t.color("blue")
    t.begin_fill()
    t.goto(-65,40)
    t.goto(65,40)
    t.goto(65,65)
    t.goto(-40,65)
    t.end_fill()
    t.penup()
    t.goto(15,65)
    t.pendown()
    t.pencolor("black")
    t.goto(15,5)
    t.penup()
    t.goto(-65,40)
    t.pendown()
    t.goto(-65,5)
    t.goto(15,5)
    t.goto(65,5)
    t.goto(65,40)
    t.penup()
    t.goto(0,30)
    t.pendown()
    t.goto(30,30)
    t.pensize(2)
    
    #标志
    t.penup()
    t.goto(-105,40)
    t.pencolor("black")
    t.pendown()
    t.goto(-105,5)
    t.goto(-125,5)
    t.goto(-110,5)
    t.goto(-110,30)
    t.penup()
    t.goto(-115,5)
    t.pendown()
    t.goto(-115,23)
    t.penup()
    t.goto(126,20)
    t.color("black")
    t.begin_fill()
    t.pendown()
    t.goto(100,20)
    t.goto(100,0)
    t.goto(126,0)
    t.goto(126,20)
    t.end_fill()
    
    #灯
    t.penup()
    t.goto(-100,16)
    t.pendown()
    t.color("orange")
    t.begin_fill()
    t.circle(12,-180)
    t.goto(-100,16)
    t.end_fill()
    t.penup()
    t.goto(110,43)
    t.pendown()
    t.color("orange")
    t.begin_fill()
    t.circle(11,-180)
    t.goto(110,43)
    t.end_fill()
    
    t.hideturtle()
    t.done()

**三、新年贺卡**

效果图如下：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NuZHMxMjM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

源代码如下：

import turtle as t
    t.color("red")
    t.write("万\n事\n大\n吉", font=("华文行楷", 45, "normal"))
    t.penup()
    t.goto(80,0)
    t.pendown()
    t.write("新\n年\n快\n乐", font=("华文行楷", 45, "normal"))
        
    t.penup()
    t.goto(-120,110)
    t.pendown()
    t.write("李\n一\n民\n贺", font=("方正舒体", 20, "normal"))
    
    t.penup()
    t.goto(-130,0)
    t.color("red")
    t.pendown()
    t.begin_fill()
    t.forward(55)
    t.left(90)
    t.forward(55)
    t.left(90)
    t.forward(55)
    t.left(90)
    t.forward(55)
    t.left(90)
    t.end_fill()
    
    t.color("white")
    t.penup()
    t.goto(-100,0)
    t.pendown()
    t.write("万\n事", font=("华文隶书", 20, "normal"))
    t.penup()
    t.goto(-130,0)
    t.pendown()
    t.write("如\n意", font=("华文隶书", 20, "normal"))
    
    t.done()

**四、驾驶摩托车小游戏**

运行时，若报出类似如下面的错

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "……/.py", line 2, in <module>

from PIL import Image, ImageTk

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'XX'

其中XX是模块(库、包)名，如：pyglet等

说明需要安装模块(库、包)，如：pip  install pyglet ，参见下图：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NuZHMxMjM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

【 关于Python第三方模块(库、包)安装、卸载与查看，参见：[https://blog.csdn.net/cnds123/article/details/104393385 ][https_blog.csdn.net_cnds123_article_details_104393385]】

需要如下资源文件，将它们保存在res文件夹中。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NuZHMxMjM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

为方便读者练习使用提供下载，地址 [https://download.csdn.net/download/cnds123/15903203][https_download.csdn.net_download_cnds123_15903203]

效果图如下：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NuZHMxMjM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

操作说明：用方向键操控，“←”减速，“→”加速，“↑”和“↓”拐弯 。

源码如下

import pyglet
    from pyglet.window import key
    from pyglet import clock
    from random import randint
    from math import sqrt
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------
    #加载资源
    pyglet.resource.path = ['./res']
    bg_img = pyglet.resource.image('沙漠.png')
    motor_animation = pyglet.resource.animation('motor-red.gif')
    box_img =pyglet.resource.image('box.png')
    motor_sound = pyglet.resource.media('motor.wav', streaming=False)
    alert_sound = pyglet.resource.media('alter.mp3', streaming=False)
    
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------
    #全局变量
    motor_x = 0
    motor_y = 40
    motor_speed = 0
    mileages = 0
    
    #创建窗口
    game_win = pyglet.window.Window(width=600, height=295, caption='驾驶摩托车')
    #创建角色
    motor = pyglet.sprite.Sprite(img=motor_animation, x=50, y=40)
    box = pyglet.sprite.Sprite(img=box_img, x=500, y=10)
    #文本标签
    speed_label = pyglet.text.Label('Speed: 0', x=10, y=280)
    mileages_label = pyglet.text.Label('Mileages: 0', x=10, y=260)
    #音乐播放器
    motor_player = pyglet.media.Player()
    alert_player = pyglet.media.Player()
    
    @game_win.event
    def on_draw():
        '''绘制游戏画面'''
        global motor_x
        bg_img.blit(0 - int(motor_x) % 600, 0)
        bg_img.blit(600 - int(motor_x) % 600, 0)
        
        if motor.y > box.y:
            motor.draw()
            box.draw()
        else:
            box.draw()
            motor.draw()
    
        speed_label.draw()
        mileages_label.draw()
    
    def distance(a=(0, 0), b=(0, 0)):
        '''计算两点间的距离'''
        return sqrt((a[0] - b[0]) ** 2 + (a[1] - b[1]) ** 2)
    
    def motor_move(up_max, down_min, speed, dt):
        '''摩托移动'''
        global motor_speed, motor_y
        if keys[key.UP]:
            motor_y += 50 * dt
            if motor_y > up_max: motor_y = up_max
        if keys[key.DOWN]:
            motor_y -= 50 * dt
            if motor_y < down_min: motor_y = down_min
        if keys[key.LEFT]:
            motor_speed -= 324 * dt
            if motor_speed < 0: motor_speed = 0
        if keys[key.RIGHT]:
            motor_speed += speed * dt
            if motor_speed > 1620: motor_speed = 1620 #摩托车最大速度
    
    def motor_control(dt):
        '''摩托车的控制'''
        global motor_speed, motor_x, motor_y, mileages
        
        #碰撞检测和移动控制
        if distance(motor.position, box.position) <= motor.width:
            if (box.y < motor.y < box.y + 12):
                motor_speed = 0
                motor_move(50, 0, 0, dt)
            elif motor.y >= box.y + 12:
                motor_move(50, box.y + 12, 162, dt)
            else:
                motor_move(box.y, 0, 162, dt)
        else:
            motor_move(50, 0, 162, dt)
        
        motor.y = motor_y
        motor_x += motor_speed * dt
        mileages = motor_x * 0.024
        speed_label.text = 'Motor: %.3f km/h' % (motor_speed * 0.024 * 3.6)
        mileages_label.text = 'Mileages: %.3f km' % (mileages / 1000)
    
        #摩托车音效
        if motor_speed > 0:
            if not motor_player.playing:
                motor_player.queue(motor_sound)
                motor_player.play()
        elif motor_speed == 0:
            motor_player.next_source()
    
    @game_win.event
    def on_close():
        '''游戏窗口关闭'''
        motor_player.next_source()
        
    def box_control(dt):
        '''箱子的控制'''
        global mileages, motor_speed
        if mileages > 100 and int(mileages) % 300 == 0:
            #放置箱子
            box.x = 3000
            box.y = motor.y - 6
            #播放警报声
            if not alert_player.playing:
                alert_player.queue(alert_sound)
                alert_player.play()
        else:
            #移动箱子
            box.x -= motor_speed * dt
        
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        '''程序入口'''
        keys = key.KeyStateHandler()
        game_win.push_handlers(keys)
        clock.schedule_interval(motor_control, 1/60)
        clock.schedule_interval(box_control, 1/60)
        pyglet.app.run()

需要注意源码文件 和 res资源文件夹的路径关系，参见下图：

![20210318180139248.png][]

**五、圣诞贺卡**

效果图

![20210319213817767.gif][]

源码如下

import turtle as T
    import random
    import time
     
    t = T.Turtle()
     
    w = T.Screen()
    t.hideturtle() 
    t.getscreen().tracer(5, 0)
    w.screensize(bg='maroon')
    t.left(90)
    t.up()
    t.forward(280)
    t.down()
    t.pensize(3)
     
    n=100
    t.color("orange","yellow")
    t.begin_fill()
    t.left(126)
     
    for i in range(5):
        t.forward(n/5)
        t.right(144)
        t.forward(n/5)
        t.left(71)
    t.end_fill()
    t.left(60)
    t.pensize(8)
    t.forward(60)
    t.right(20)
    t.right(116)
    t.pensize(6)
     
    t.color('dark green')
    n=130
     
    for i in range(6):
        time.sleep(0.5)
        a=1+i/2
        t.begin_fill()
        t.left(90)
        t.forward(n*a*0.707)
        t.left(135)
        t.forward(n*a)
        t.left(135)
        t.forward(n*a*0.707)
        t.end_fill()
        t.up()
        t.left(90)
        t.forward(n*a*0.707/3)
        t.left(135)
        t.forward(n*a/6)
        t.left(135)
        t.down()
     
    t.up()
    t.right(135)
    t.forward(30)
    t.right(90)
    t.forward(157)
    t.down()
    t.color('saddlebrown')
    t.begin_fill()
    t.forward(80)
    t.right(90)
    t.forward(45)
    t.right(90)
    t.forward(80)
    t.right(90)
    t.forward(45)
    t.end_fill()
     
    t.up()
    t.backward(45)
    t.right(90)
    t.backward(470)
    t.down()
     
    def light(l,t):
        t.pensize(3)
        colors = ["magenta","darkorange","red","blue"]
        for i in range(l):
            time.sleep(0.2)
            b = 70+16*i
            a = b/2*random.randint(-100,100)/100
            t.up()
            t.forward(b)
            t.left(90)
            t.forward(a)
            t.down()
            t.color("lightyellow",colors[i%4])
            t.begin_fill()
            t.circle(10)
            t.end_fill()
            t.up()
            t.backward(a)
            t.right(90)
            t.backward(b)
            t.down()
        t.pensize(1)
     
    def snow(m,t):
        for i in range(m):
            a = 400 - 800 * random.random()
            b = 600 - 800 * random.random()
            t.up()
            t.forward(b)
            t.left(90)
            t.forward(a)
            t.down()
            t.color('white')
            t.begin_fill()
            t.circle(1)
            t.end_fill()
            t.up()
            t.backward(a)
            t.right(90)
            t.backward(b)
     
    light(24,t)
    snow(600, t)
     
    t.goto(-200,200)
    my_word = ("Merry Christmas")
    t.write(my_word,font=("Edwardian Script ITC",40,"bold"))
    time.sleep(0.3)
    t.goto(-100,50)
    my_word = ("and")
    t.write(my_word,font=("Edwardian Script ITC",50,"bold"))
    time.sleep(0.3)
    t.goto(-150,-100)
    my_word = ("Happy New Year")
    t.write(my_word,font=("Edwardian Script ITC",40,"bold"))

[20210812082912273.gif]: /images/20221024/327df76d5dd0476ca93f67fa97e90b2b.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NuZHMxMjM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221024/12056135643241ce9dd3ab1d4a67a580.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NuZHMxMjM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221024/c792393ae6df4441ab832d1615951129.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NuZHMxMjM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20221024/cccbc34c14de46e9a76b062b78ed0f05.png
[https_blog.csdn.net_cnds123_article_details_104393385]: https://blog.csdn.net/cnds123/article/details/104393385
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NuZHMxMjM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20221024/1a426ee9b7ac44bcb9656f6ca0b84c15.png
[https_download.csdn.net_download_cnds123_15903203]: https://download.csdn.net/download/cnds123/15903203
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NuZHMxMjM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20221024/229bb0332c8846628a28e6eb6be10e12.png
[20210318180139248.png]: /images/20221024/d64e9030ae044f3e9af74019ce9e0406.png
[20210319213817767.gif]: /images/20221024/f7a2873e428a4433a330c41974300845.png