Prometheus 监控服务端口、网站状态等（黑盒监测）

末蓝、 2023-01-11 15:27 241阅读 0赞

# 1、blackbox\_exporter介绍 #

blackbox\_exporter是Prometheus 官方提供的 exporter 之一，可以提供 http、dns、tcp、icmp 的监控数据采集。  
**blackbox\_exporter 应用场景：**

*  HTTP 测试： 定义 Request Header 信息，判断 Http status / Http Respones Header /Http Body 内容
 *  TCP 测试：业务组件端口状态监听， 应用层协议定义与监听
 *  ICMP 测试：主机探活机制
 *  POST 测试：接口联通性
 *  SSL 证书过期时间

# 2、安装blackbox\_exporter #

# wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.16.0/blackbox_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    
    # tar xf blackbox_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
    # ln -s /usr/local/blackbox_exporter-0.16.0.linux-amd64/ /usr/local/blackbox_exporter
    
    # 使用systemd管理blackbox_exporter服务
    # vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service
    [Unit]
    Description=blackbox_exporter
    After=network.target
    
    [Service]
    User=root
    Type=simple
    ExecStart=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter --config.file=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml
    Restart=on-failure
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    
    # systemctl daemon-reload
    # systemctl start blackbox_exporter
    # systemctl enable blackbox_exporter

# 3、配置Prometheus采集数据 #

# cd /usr/local/prometheus
    # vim prometheus.yml
    global:
      scrape_interval: 15s
      evaluation_interval: 15s
    
    scrape_configs:
      - job_name: 'prometheus'
        static_configs:
        - targets: ['localhost:9090']
    
       # 网站监控
      - job_name: 'http_status'
        metrics_path: /probe
        params:
          module: [http_2xx]
        static_configs:
          - targets: ['http://www.baidu.com']
            labels:
              instance: http_status
              group: web
        relabel_configs:
          - source_labels: [__address__]
            target_label: __param_target
          - target_label: __address__
            replacement: 192.168.31.63:9115
    
       # ping 检测
      - job_name: 'ping_status'
        metrics_path: /probe
        params:
          module: [icmp]
        static_configs:
          - targets: ['192.168.31.62']
            labels:
              instance: 'ping_status'
              group: 'icmp'
        relabel_configs:
          - source_labels: [__address__]
            target_label: __param_target
          - target_label: __address__
            replacement: 192.168.31.63:9115
    
       # 端口监控
      - job_name: 'port_status'
        metrics_path: /probe
        params:
          module: [tcp_connect]
        static_configs:
          - targets: ['192.168.31.62:80']
            labels:
              instance: 'port_status'
              group: 'port'
        relabel_configs:
          - source_labels: [__address__]
            target_label: __param_target
          - target_label: __address__
            replacement: 192.168.31.63:9115
    
    # systemctl restart prometheus

# 4、Grafana可视化展示 #

需要安装饼状态图插件，安装后重启grafana。

grafana-cli plugins install grafana-piechart-panel
    systemctl restart grafana-server.service

此模板ID为9965，数据源选择Prometheus：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwOTA3OTc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwOTA3OTc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

参考链接 ：

Prometheus 监控服务端口、网站状态等（黑盒监测） ：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ltfTEXGPAv3e77idSXqkdA

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwOTA3OTc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221119/5cb26721c515407fba396ebe28e98cb6.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwOTA3OTc3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221119/f481afff7bcb4a0ca6aaa797425e30a2.png