Pytorch LSTM 代码解读及自定义双向 LSTM 算子

今天药忘吃喽~ 2023-01-23 06:55 179阅读 0赞

# Pytorch LSTM 代码解读及自定义双向 LSTM 算子 #

## 1. 理论 ##

关于 LSTM 的理论部分可以参考

#### Paper ####

*  [Long Short-Term Memory Based Recurrent Neural Network Architectures for Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition][]

#### 解析 ####

*  [Understanding LSTM Networks][]
 *  [人人都能看懂的LSTM][LSTM]

#### Pytorch LSTM 算子 ####

*  [LSTM 文档][LSTM 1]

## 2. 源代码 ##

python 代码中仅仅能看到 **\_VF.lstm**

# https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/master/torch/nn/modules/rnn.py
    # line 688
    if batch_sizes is None:
    	result = _VF.lstm(input, hx, self._flat_weights, self.bias, self.num_layers, 
    						self.dropout, self.training, self.bidirectional, self.batch_first)
    else:
    	result = _VF.lstm(input, batch_sizes, hx, self._flat_weights, self.bias, self.num_layers,
        					self.dropout, self.training, self.bidirectional)

转到 C++ 代。代码逻辑比较清晰，最终的计算是在 **LSTMCell** 中实现的。

# https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/49777e67303f608987ec0948c7fd8f46f6d3ca83/torch/csrc/api/src/nn/modules/rnn.cpp
    # line 275
    std::tie(output, hidden_state, cell_state) = torch::lstm(
          input,
          {state[0], state[1]},
          flat_weights_,
          options.with_bias(),
          options.layers(),
          options.dropout(),
          this->is_training(),
          options.bidirectional(),
          options.batch_first());

# https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/1a93b96815b5c87c92e060a6dca51be93d712d09/aten/src/ATen/native/RNN.cpp
    # line 855
    std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor, Tensor> lstm(
          const Tensor& _input, TensorList hx,
          TensorList _params, bool has_biases,
          int64_t num_layers, double dropout_p, bool train, bool bidirectional, bool batch_first) {
      TORCH_CHECK(hx.size() == 2, "lstm expects two hidden states");
      if (at::cudnn_is_acceptable(_input)) {
        Tensor output, hy, cy;
        lstm_cudnn_stub(_input.type().device_type(), output, hy, cy, _input, hx, _params, has_biases,
                num_layers, dropout_p, train, bidirectional, batch_first);
        return std::make_tuple(output, hy, cy);
      } 
    
      if (use_miopen(_input, dropout_p)) {
        Tensor output, hy, cy;
        lstm_miopen_stub(_input.type().device_type(), output, hy, cy, _input, hx, _params, has_biases,
                  num_layers, dropout_p, train, bidirectional, batch_first);
        return std::make_tuple(output, hy, cy);
      }
      check_device(_input, _params, hx);
      auto input = batch_first ? _input.transpose(0, 1) : _input;
      auto params = gather_params(_params, has_biases);
      auto results = _lstm_impl<FullLayer, FullBidirectionalLayer>(
          input, params, hx[0], hx[1], num_layers, dropout_p, train, bidirectional);
      if (batch_first) {
        std::get<0>(results) = std::get<0>(results).transpose(0, 1);
      }
      return results;
    }
    
    # line 679
    template<template<typename,typename> class LayerT, template<typename,typename> class BidirLayerT, typename cell_params, typename io_type>
    std::tuple<io_type, Tensor, Tensor> _lstm_impl(
          const io_type& input,
          const std::vector<cell_params>& params, const Tensor& hx, const Tensor& cx,
          int64_t num_layers, double dropout_p, bool train, bool bidirectional) {
      // It's much more useful for us to work on lists of pairs of hx and cx for each layer, so we need
      // to transpose a pair of those tensors.
      auto layer_hx = hx.unbind(0);
      auto layer_cx = cx.unbind(0);
      int64_t total_layers = layer_hx.size();
      std::vector<typename LSTMCell<cell_params>::hidden_type> hiddens;
      hiddens.reserve(total_layers);
      for (int64_t i = 0; i < total_layers; ++i) {
        hiddens.emplace_back(std::move(layer_hx[i]), std::move(layer_cx[i]));
      }
    
      auto result = _rnn_impl<LSTMCell<cell_params>, LayerT, BidirLayerT>(input, params, hiddens, num_layers, dropout_p, train, bidirectional);
    
      // Now, we need to reverse the transposed we performed above.
      std::vector<Tensor> hy, cy;
      hy.reserve(total_layers); cy.reserve(total_layers);
      for (auto & hidden : result.final_hidden) {
        hy.push_back(std::move(std::get<0>(hidden)));
        cy.push_back(std::move(std::get<1>(hidden)));
      }
    
      return std::make_tuple(result.outputs, at::stack(hy, 0), at::stack(cy, 0));
    }
    
    # line 652
    template<typename CellType, template<typename,typename> class LayerT, template<typename,typename> class BidirLayerT, typename cell_params, typename io_type>
    LayerOutput<io_type, std::vector<typename CellType::hidden_type>> _rnn_impl(
          const io_type& input,
          const std::vector<cell_params>& params,
          const std::vector<typename CellType::hidden_type>& hiddens,
          int64_t num_layers, double dropout_p, bool train, bool bidirectional) {
      using hidden_type = typename CellType::hidden_type;
      CellType cell;
      if (bidirectional) {
        using BidirLayer = BidirLayerT<hidden_type, cell_params>;
        auto bidir_result = apply_layer_stack(BidirLayer{cell}, input, pair_vec(hiddens), pair_vec(params), num_layers, dropout_p, train);
        return {bidir_result.outputs, unpair_vec(std::move(bidir_result.final_hidden))};
      } else {
        return apply_layer_stack(LayerT<hidden_type,cell_params>{cell}, input, hiddens, params, num_layers, dropout_p, train);
      }
    }
    
    # line 623
    template<typename io_type, typename hidden_type, typename weight_type>
    LayerOutput<io_type, std::vector<hidden_type>>
    apply_layer_stack(const Layer<io_type, hidden_type, weight_type>& layer, const io_type& input,
                      const std::vector<hidden_type>& hiddens, const std::vector<weight_type>& weights,
                      int64_t num_layers, double dropout_p, bool train) {
      TORCH_CHECK(num_layers == hiddens.size(), "Expected more hidden states in stacked_rnn");
      TORCH_CHECK(num_layers == weights.size(), "Expected more weights in stacked_rnn");
    
      auto layer_input = input;
      auto hidden_it = hiddens.begin();
      auto weight_it = weights.begin();
      std::vector<hidden_type> final_hiddens;
      for (int64_t l = 0; l < num_layers; ++l) {
        auto layer_output = layer(layer_input, *(hidden_it++), *(weight_it++));
        final_hiddens.push_back(layer_output.final_hidden);
        layer_input = layer_output.outputs;
    
        if (dropout_p != 0 && train && l < num_layers - 1) {
          layer_input = dropout(layer_input, dropout_p);
        }
      }
    
      return {layer_input, final_hiddens};
    }
    
    # line
    template <typename dir_hidden_type, typename cell_params>
    struct FullBidirectionalLayer
        : Layer<Tensor, pair_of<dir_hidden_type>, pair_of<cell_params>> {
      using hidden_type = pair_of<dir_hidden_type>;
      using param_type = pair_of<cell_params>;
      using output_type = typename Layer<Tensor, hidden_type, param_type>::output_type;
    
      FullBidirectionalLayer(Cell<dir_hidden_type, cell_params>& cell)
        : layer_(cell) {};
    
      output_type operator()(
          const Tensor& input,
          const hidden_type& input_hidden,
          const param_type& params) const override {
        std::vector<Tensor> step_inputs;
        if (input.device().is_cpu()) {
          auto input_w = params.first.linear_ih(input);
          step_inputs = input_w.unbind(0);
          auto fw_result = layer_(
              step_inputs, input_hidden.first, params.first, true);
          auto fw_output = at::stack(fw_result.outputs, 0);
          input_w = params.second.linear_ih(input);
          step_inputs = input_w.unbind(0);
          auto rev_step_inputs = reverse(std::move(step_inputs));
          auto rev_result =
              layer_(rev_step_inputs, input_hidden.second, params.second, true);
          std::reverse(rev_result.outputs.begin(), rev_result.outputs.end());
          auto rev_output = at::stack(rev_result.outputs, 0);
          return {at::cat({fw_output, rev_output}, fw_output.dim() - 1),
                  std::make_pair(fw_result.final_hidden, rev_result.final_hidden)};
        }
    
        step_inputs = input.unbind(0);
        auto fw_result = layer_(step_inputs, input_hidden.first, params.first);
        auto fw_output = at::stack(fw_result.outputs, 0);
        auto rev_step_inputs = reverse(std::move(step_inputs));
        auto rev_result =
            layer_(rev_step_inputs, input_hidden.second, params.second);
        std::reverse(rev_result.outputs.begin(), rev_result.outputs.end());
        auto rev_output = at::stack(rev_result.outputs, 0);
        return {at::cat({fw_output, rev_output}, fw_output.dim() - 1),
                std::make_pair(fw_result.final_hidden, rev_result.final_hidden)};
      }
    
      std::vector<Tensor> reverse(std::vector<Tensor>&& x) const {
        std::reverse(x.begin(), x.end());
        return std::move(x);
      }
    
      FullLayer<dir_hidden_type, cell_params> layer_;
    };
    
    
    # line 370
    template<typename hidden_type, typename cell_params>
    struct FullLayer : Layer<Tensor, hidden_type, cell_params> {
      using output_type =
          typename Layer<Tensor, hidden_type, cell_params>::output_type;
      using unstacked_output_type = LayerOutput<std::vector<Tensor>, hidden_type>;
    
      FullLayer(Cell<hidden_type, cell_params>& cell)
        : cell_(cell) {};
    
      unstacked_output_type operator()(
          const std::vector<Tensor>& step_inputs,
          const hidden_type& input_hidden,
          const cell_params& params,
          bool pre_compute_input = false) const {
        std::vector<Tensor> step_outputs;
        auto hidden = input_hidden;
        for (const auto& input : step_inputs) {
          hidden = cell_(input, hidden, params, pre_compute_input);
          step_outputs.emplace_back(hidden_as_output(hidden));
        }
        return {step_outputs, hidden};
      }
    
      output_type operator()(
          const Tensor& inputs,
          const hidden_type& input_hidden,
          const cell_params& params) const override {
        if (inputs.device().is_cpu()) {
          const auto inputs_w = params.linear_ih(inputs);
          auto unstacked_output =
              (*this)(inputs_w.unbind(0), input_hidden, params, true);
          return {at::stack(unstacked_output.outputs, 0),
                  unstacked_output.final_hidden};
        }
        auto unstacked_output = (*this)(inputs.unbind(0), input_hidden, params);
        return {at::stack(unstacked_output.outputs, 0),
                unstacked_output.final_hidden};
      }
    
      Cell<hidden_type, cell_params>& cell_;
    };
    
    # line 273
    template <typename cell_params>
    struct LSTMCell : Cell<std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor>, cell_params> {
      using hidden_type = std::tuple<Tensor, Tensor>;
    
      hidden_type operator()(
          const Tensor& input,
          const hidden_type& hidden,
          const cell_params& params,
          bool pre_compute_input = false) const override {
        const auto& hx = std::get<0>(hidden);
        const auto& cx = std::get<1>(hidden);
    
        if (input.is_cuda()) {
          TORCH_CHECK(!pre_compute_input);
          auto igates = params.matmul_ih(input);
          auto hgates = params.matmul_hh(hx);
          auto result = at::_thnn_fused_lstm_cell(
              igates, hgates, cx, params.b_ih, params.b_hh);
          // Slice off the workspace argument (it's needed only for AD).
          return std::make_tuple(std::get<0>(result), std::get<1>(result));
        }
    
        const auto gates = params.linear_hh(hx).add_(
            pre_compute_input ? input : params.linear_ih(input));
        auto chunked_gates = gates.chunk(4, 1);
        auto ingate = chunked_gates[0].sigmoid_();
        auto forgetgate = chunked_gates[1].sigmoid_();
        auto cellgate = chunked_gates[2].tanh_();
        auto outgate = chunked_gates[3].sigmoid_();
        auto cy = (forgetgate * cx).add_(ingate * cellgate);
        auto hy = outgate * cy.tanh();
        return std::make_tuple(hy, cy);
      }
    
    };

## 3. 自己实现双向 LSTM ##

经过测试下面的 **custom\_bilstm** 和 **lstm** 的效果是一致的（注意权重的初始化）。

class lstm(nn.Module):
        def __init__(self):
            super(lstm_o, self).__init__()
            self.rnn = nn.LSTM(512, 256, bidirectional=True, batch_first=True)
    
        def forward(self, input):
            self.rnn.flatten_parameters()
            recurrent, _ = self.rnn(input)
            return recurrent
            
     
    # 借助 nn.LSTMCell 实现双向 LSTM
    class custom_bilstm(nn.Module):
        def __init__(self):
            super(custom_bilstm, self).__init__()
            self.rnn = nn.LSTMCell(512, 256)
            self.rnn1 = nn.LSTMCell(512, 256)
    
        def forward(self, input):
            recurrent, f_cx = self.rnn(input[:, 0, :])
            fwd = [recurrent]
            for i in range(1, input.shape[1]):
                recurrent, f_cx = self.rnn(input[:, i, :], (recurrent, f_cx))
                fwd.append(recurrent)
            forward = torch.stack(fwd, dim=0).squeeze(1)
    
            input_reverse = torch.flip(input, dims=[1])
            recurrent_b, b_cx = self.rnn1(input_reverse[:, 0, :])
            bwd = [recurrent_b]
            for i in range(1, input_reverse.shape[1]):
                recurrent_b, b_cx = self.rnn1(input_reverse[:, i, :], (recurrent_b, b_cx))
                bwd.append(recurrent_b)
            backward = torch.stack(bwd, dim=0).squeeze(1)
            backward_reverse = torch.flip(backward, dims=[0])
            return torch.cat((forward, backward_reverse), -1).unsqueeze(0)

[Long Short-Term Memory Based Recurrent Neural Network Architectures for Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition]: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1402.1128.pdf
[Understanding LSTM Networks]: https://colah.github.io/posts/2015-08-Understanding-LSTMs/
[LSTM]: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/32085405
[LSTM 1]: https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.LSTM.html?highlight=lstm#torch.nn.LSTM