使用minikube在Ubuntu上搭建一个单机版的k8s

比眉伴天荒 2023-03-01 13:28 111阅读 0赞

为了方便在本地进行k8s的学习，我尝试在Ubuntu虚拟机中用minikube搭建了一个单机版的k8s，踩了一些坑才更加领悟到官方文档的重要性，下面就来梳理一下部署流程，以及一些踩坑经验。（注：图片均来自我的微信公众号）

![aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xcGljLmNuL21tYml6X3BuZy9Cc1o5VjBLbVhMQ3hCYXRmNHMwdlc4TlJCekc5MHR2WktwdWtDQ000S1FoazF1Tlo2UFVvc0JucXoxMnRNWDNEaWFHaWNmcUpWTnJWclJLWmMxZjh2QUdnLzY0MD93eF9mbXQ9cG5nJnRwPXdlYnAmd3hmcm9tPTUmd3hfbGF6eT0xJnd4X2NvPTE][]

环境介绍：

Ubuntu 17.10

kubectl v1.15.0

minikube v1.2.0

docker 18.09.7

（注：在minikube启动过程中会自动安装k8s）

任务描述：在Ubuntu虚拟机上，不使用virtualbox，通过minikube搭建一个单机版的k8s。

成功标志：实现github上给出的minikube的quick start（如下图）  
![aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xcGljLmNuL21tYml6X3BuZy9Cc1o5VjBLbVhMQ3hCYXRmNHMwdlc4TlJCekc5MHR2WjBJMDhUOFlhN0NGdmxxUmZweTF0bk9DSjdBMG1kb0txNGFUUHMyaWNTZFFlMDB0azZxbFc2SkEvNjQwP3d4X2ZtdD1wbmcmdHA9d2VicCZ3eGZyb209NSZ3eF9sYXp5PTEmd3hfY289MQ][]

根据官方文档：

![aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xcGljLmNuL21tYml6X3BuZy9Cc1o5VjBLbVhMQ3hCYXRmNHMwdlc4TlJCekc5MHR2WkJwR1lWUWliMnNsN3hncEs2N0I4SmNyUW1nb0NwVUZLcEt2cjgyNDBVb21pYjZsaWFDeG9ia1NwUS82NDA_d3hfZm10PXBuZyZ0cD13ZWJwJnd4ZnJvbT01Jnd4X2xhenk9MSZ3eF9jbz0x][]

我们可以看到，在安装minikube之前，首先需要安装kubectl，那我们就来装一下：

在terminal中依次输入：

1.首先下载最新版本的kubectl二进制文件：

curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl

2.然后让kubectl的二进制文件可执行：

chmod +x ./kubectl

3.将kubectl的可执行文件放到/usr/local/bin（这个路径专门用来存储用户自己的可执行文件）：

sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl

4.查看kubectl版本，检查是否安装成功：

kubectl version -o json

kubectl的安装结果：

![aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xcGljLmNuL21tYml6X3BuZy9Cc1o5VjBLbVhMQ3hCYXRmNHMwdlc4TlJCekc5MHR2WmJmMjdkNU1XR0R3elEyblRsZ1VpY294VWliSGZoWVVPaWJQdDZwSFJ3RmppYllaRDQxaWEzZVY2TndnLzY0MD93eF9mbXQ9cG5nJnRwPXdlYnAmd3hmcm9tPTUmd3hfbGF6eT0xJnd4X2NvPTE][]

（注：这个结果是minikube跑起来后的，在minikube跑起来前如果查看kubectl版本，可能会出现：The connection to the server <server-name:port> was refused - did you specify the right host or port?这样的报错，这个我们不需要管，因为官方文档上给出了明确的提示：  
![aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xcGljLmNuL21tYml6X3BuZy9Cc1o5VjBLbVhMQ3hCYXRmNHMwdlc4TlJCekc5MHR2WjZJdGhJVHBFSHRLaWNDaWJxN1VRb0pET1QwUE04Z2c2bzFGR1hIZ0xrZDRrNG96NDRBaGNxeGJnLzY0MD93eF9mbXQ9cG5nJnRwPXdlYnAmd3hmcm9tPTUmd3hfbGF6eT0xJnd4X2NvPTE][]

ok，现在kubectl已经安装完成，下面开始安装minikube：

起初，我是安装官网给的url下载minikube的，但是在运行minikube的时候，卡在了这里：

![aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xcGljLmNuL21tYml6X3BuZy9Cc1o5VjBLbVhMQ3hCYXRmNHMwdlc4TlJCekc5MHR2WjVucDFVcW11YkZxcWJkc2hEdmFRdmt5M2FvODh4TzBJSldqTmlhRHp5Vlh1a2ljTkpwSnVnQktRLzY0MD93eF9mbXQ9cG5nJnRwPXdlYnAmd3hmcm9tPTUmd3hfbGF6eT0xJnd4X2NvPTE][]

报错信息告诉我们，发生了下载错误，显然，下载的地址被墙了......，我们有两个选择，第一个就是“科学上网”，第二个是直接用阿里云提供的修改版的minikube，这个修改版会从国内获取镜像。

我们直接来用这个修改版，在terminal中依次输入：

1.首先，先将之前crash的minikube删掉：

minikube delete

2.下载minikube的修改版的二进制：

curl -Lo minikube http://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/minikube/releases/v1.2.0/minikube-linux-amd64

3.让minikube的二进制可执行：

chmod +x minikube

4.将minikube的可执行文件放到/usr/local/bin/，类似于之前的kubectl

sudo mv minikube /usr/local/bin/

现在，我们的kubectl和minikube都已经安装好了，下面，直接运行mininkube，来创建一个单机版的k8s：

在terminal中输入：

minikube start --registry-mirror=https://registry.docker-cn.com --vm-driver=none

（其中的--registry-mirror=https://registry.docker-cn.com指定了镜像仓库的位置，--vm-driver=none指定了以none模式安装）

安装过程如下：

![aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xcGljLmNuL21tYml6X3BuZy9Cc1o5VjBLbVhMQ3hCYXRmNHMwdlc4TlJCekc5MHR2WnN6ZzRKMk5WemhOTldYRUtzNXR2Um1laWJWVjBuT0R0M0ZwaWFycW5oS2d0eTI3bDY2c1lwVklRLzY0MD93eF9mbXQ9cG5nJnRwPXdlYnAmd3hmcm9tPTUmd3hfbGF6eT0xJnd4X2NvPTE][]

我们可以看到，这个minikube做了这么几件事：

1.使用指定的镜像仓库；

2.创建一个虚拟机（由于我选的是none模式，所以直接用的宿主机）；

3.检查本机的docker环境，进行相应的环境配置（我的理解是：为本机的docker版本，选择对应版本的k8s、kubeadm、kubelet）；

4.拉取基本镜像，我们不妨来看一下，minikube启动成功后，本地多了什么镜像：  
![aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xcGljLmNuL21tYml6X3BuZy9Cc1o5VjBLbVhMQ3hCYXRmNHMwdlc4TlJCekc5MHR2WnU2MnIxSWhKd2RzNGdJaWNRdENRN3NVNlFpYXE2Vm1WZTI0T1hGaHdwOFpqdkhBSmEyUUhidWlhZy82NDA_d3hfZm10PXBuZyZ0cD13ZWJwJnd4ZnJvbT01Jnd4X2xhenk9MSZ3eF9jbz0x][]

可见，这几个镜像都是搭建k8s所必须的镜像，而minikube则是封装了获取这些镜像，并启动对应容器的操作。

5.启动k8s，检查并配置本地环境；

6.校对apiserver、proxy、etcd、scheduler、controller、dns；

现在，我们来测试一下minikube在github上给出的quick start：

1.启动dashboard：

minikube dashboard

![aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xcGljLmNuL21tYml6X3BuZy9Cc1o5VjBLbVhMQ3hCYXRmNHMwdlc4TlJCekc5MHR2WnhIRHZJb205WnFUYVpaaWJIUmJ5MWJpY2liaWExVmFuNWNraWN5QmljcGNBeUg4aWFEbDg4dFQ3WkZITFEvNjQwP3d4X2ZtdD1wbmcmdHA9d2VicCZ3eGZyb209NSZ3eF9sYXp5PTEmd3hfY289MQ][]

可以成功在浏览器打开minikube给出的地址

2.启动一个server（这里我用的镜像是Tomcat）：

kubectl run hello-minikube --image=tomcat:8.0 --port=8080

![aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xcGljLmNuL21tYml6X3BuZy9Cc1o5VjBLbVhMQ3hCYXRmNHMwdlc4TlJCekc5MHR2WmljYXJqUTl2T0JKSFhEZmliNjhrMG9Eb1VOMzZ5UFBMYUZ2dFpmb1NZSkY2RmxpYVNJRGlhRTRtUlEvNjQwP3d4X2ZtdD1wbmcmdHA9d2VicCZ3eGZyb209NSZ3eF9sYXp5PTEmd3hfY289MQ][]

创建成功

3.发布这个服务：

kubectl expose deployment hello-minikube --type=NodePort

![aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xcGljLmNuL21tYml6X3BuZy9Cc1o5VjBLbVhMQ3hCYXRmNHMwdlc4TlJCekc5MHR2WkhqTktOSTdEOUp0M1c2eXZIMncyYTA4emxJY1RBaEhWdFhLQ3BJNzRjUGdoeTViMW5hZmNpYmcvNjQwP3d4X2ZtdD1wbmcmdHA9d2VicCZ3eGZyb209NSZ3eF9sYXp5PTEmd3hfY289MQ][]

服务发布成功

查看dashboard：

![aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xcGljLmNuL21tYml6X3BuZy9Cc1o5VjBLbVhMQ3hCYXRmNHMwdlc4TlJCekc5MHR2WmVYc1lZd1ducDB2eWNIUXZ6aWFPNU9vdHdsQXVjTlVJTm03T1JTNnc1c3BsQUlSYlI0WHVuSXcvNjQwP3d4X2ZtdD1wbmcmdHA9d2VicCZ3eGZyb209NSZ3eF9sYXp5PTEmd3hfY289MQ][]

可以发现，已经启动了一个pod，并且，服务对外暴露的端口为32199，我们试着在虚拟机外的宿主机对这个ip和端口进行访问：

![aHR0cHM6Ly9tbWJpei5xcGljLmNuL21tYml6X3BuZy9Cc1o5VjBLbVhMQ3hCYXRmNHMwdlc4TlJCekc5MHR2WkJnZ3BsaWNnUkhMQVE4azM0b2VtN2ZzcjVHZmpoOTFyOFA1ZzNZUVJqTE1xdmo2elFhT2FpY1hRLzY0MD93eF9mbXQ9cG5nJnRwPXdlYnAmd3hmcm9tPTUmd3hfbGF6eT0xJnd4X2NvPTE][]

可以看到汤姆猫成功的出现，ok，这个Tomcat服务成功的在minikube部署的k8s上对外发布成功，任务完成！

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