从零搭建springcloud

小灰灰 2023-06-20 09:05 135阅读 0赞

**开发工具：IDEA**

**JDK1.8**

**sprngcloud微服务的架构基础 ：生产者（client），消费者（client），注册中心/配置中心（server）**

**首先我们创建server，打开idea，选择左侧spring initializr,点击next**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

**springcloud是以eureka作为注册中心 ,这里要勾选Eureka Server**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

**一直next创建**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

**pom.xml如下,注意要修改springboot与springcloud版本，否则springboot版本太高版本不匹配会爆红报错，建议按照以下配置来。**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>server</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>server</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    
        </properties>
    
        
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
        
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

**在application.properties配置文件里配置eureka **

server.port=8081
    eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
    #在默认设置下， 该服务注册中心也会将自己作为客户端来尝试注册它自己，所以我们需要禁用它的客户端注册行为
    eureka.client.registerWithEureka=false
    eureka.client.fetchRegistry=false
    eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

**在启动类上添加**

@EnableEurekaServer

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

** 启动项目，访问http://localhost:8081**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

### ** 二.创建生产者provider1** ###

新建springboot项目与注册中心server创建一样，pom.xml如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>provider1</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>provider1</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    
        </properties>
    
        
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
        
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

**application.properties，注意端口不能跟server服务端口一样，eureka地址端口要与server服务一样。**

server.port=8082
    eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8081/eureka/
    #服务名称
    spring.application.name=provider1

**启动类上添加**

@EnableEurekaClient

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

**创建controller写一个提供方法**

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    @RestController
    public class controller {
        /**
         * 假如这个客户端要提供一个getCloud的方法
         * @return
         */
        @GetMapping(value = "/getCloud")
        @ResponseBody
        public Map<String,Object> getCloud(@RequestParam String name){
            Map<String,Object> data = new HashMap<>();
            data.put("userName",name);
            data.put("from","provider-A");
            return data;
        }
    }

启动项目，可见在注册中心已经注册上了

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

** 然后我们访问provider1服务**

![20191209172947983.png][]

## ** 三.创建消费者(**customer**)** ##

**新建springboot项目与注册中心server创建一样，pom.xml如下**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>customer</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>customer</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    
        </properties>
    
        
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
        
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

**application.properties**

server.port=8083
    eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8081/eureka/
    spring.application.name=customer1

**启动类上添加**

@EnableEurekaClient

**创建消费方法**

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    @RestController
    public class customerController {
        @Autowired
        RestTemplate restTemplate;
        /**
         * 实例化RestTemplate
         * @return
         */
        @LoadBalanced
        @Bean
        public RestTemplate rest() {
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    
        /**
         * Rest服务端使用RestTemplate发起http请求,然后得到数据返回给前端
         * @param name
         * @return
         */
        @GetMapping(value = "/gotoCloud")
        @ResponseBody
        public Map<String,Object> gotoCloud(@RequestParam String name){
            Map<String,Object> data = new HashMap<>();
            /**
             * 因为他向注册中心注册了服务，服务名称provider1,我们访问provider1即可
             */
            data = restTemplate.getForObject("http://provider1/getCloud?name="+name,Map.class);
            return data;
        }
    }

**启动消费者，可以看到消费者也注册上了**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

访问[http://localhost:8083/gotoCloud?name=wangsheng][http_localhost_8083_gotoCloud_name_wangsheng]，可以看到调用了提供者的服务。

![20191209174430664.png][]

那么怎么实现负载均衡呢？

我们把provider1复制一份，修改 application.properties，将端口改为8084，spring.application.name不变

server.port=8084
    eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8081/eureka/
    #服务名称
    spring.application.name=provider1

将提供者里面的方法稍微修改一下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

然后启动

![20191209175210548.png][]

可以看到provider1有2个实例。

我们再次访问[http://localhost:8083/gotoCloud?name=wangsheng][http_localhost_8083_gotoCloud_name_wangsheng]

![20191209175451334.png][]

![20191209175506747.png][]

一开始是from A,你刷新一下 变成 from B了，说明这个时候两台提供者在交替工作，从而达到了一个负载均衡的作用。

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191209165312256.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191209172418409.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20191209172947983.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191209172947983.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191209174011197.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xldHRlcnNz,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[http_localhost_8083_gotoCloud_name_wangsheng]: http://localhost:8083/gotoCloud?name=wangsheng
[20191209174430664.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191209174430664.png
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[20191209175210548.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191209175210548.png
[20191209175451334.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191209175451334.png
[20191209175506747.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191209175506747.png