02 问题发现与模型驱动的毂发过程

偏执的太偏执、 2023-07-15 04:54 36阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  What is a Business Problem
 *   *  Examples
 *  Start Working on a Business Problem (The Scope Definition Phase)
 *   *  Tasks
 *  Fully Understand a Business Problem (The Problem Analysis Phase)
 *   *  Fully Understand the Problem--HOW?
     *   *  Tasks
 *  Student Information System
 *   *  Scope Definition and Problem Analysis
     *  Context Diagram
 *  Resolve Business Problems
 *   *   *  Solution Strategies
     *  The Model Driven Development Strategy
     *   *  Modelings
     *  The Rapid Application Development Strategy
     *  Commercial Application Package

# What is a Business Problem #

## Examples ##

●`1` Monsters University course registration platform crashes frequently during the course registration period.  
● `2`Monsters University course registration platform rejects the course retaking requests because of the randomize selection strategy.  
●`3` Professor Knights takes subway to work. It’s a little far away from the subway station to his office by walk but expensive to take a taxi.  
● `4`Monsters, Inc. wants a new human resource management platform.  
● `5`Professor Knight’s personal website has 10K unique visitors but no revenue收入  
● `6`Monsters, Inc. decides to start a e-commerce 电子商务 business.  
● `7`Sullivan is a console game player. He wants to play his games with his friends online.

*  **Source**  
    Defect  
    Market Opportunity  
    Leadership Order领导命令
 *  **Granularity**粒度  
    High-level Question -->Details
 *  **Foundation**  
    System Construction  
    System Enhancement
 *  **PIECES**  
    Performance – `1`  
    Information  
    Economics  
    Control  
    Efficiency  
    Service

# Start Working on a Business Problem (The Scope Definition Phase) #

## Tasks ##

● Identify **baseline** problems and opportunities  
● Negotiate **baseline** scope  
● Assess **baseline** project worthiness  
● Develop **baseline** schedule and budget  
● Communicate the project plan (with skateholders)

# Fully Understand a Business Problem (The Problem Analysis Phase) #

*  **Above the Water VS Underwater**

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## Fully Understand the Problem–HOW? ##

**The Problem**  
Who did raise the problem?  
Why did he/she raise it?  
How difficult to solve it?  
Is it worth to work on?  
How urgent is it?  
Is there any constraints? e.g.law  
**Fully Understand the Problem**  
Who did raise the problem?  
Why did he/she raise it?  
How difficult to solve it?  
Is it worth to work on?  
How urgent is it?  
Is there any constraints?  
What is the problem domain?  
How this domain works?  
Is it a valuable in this domain?  
Is there any similar solutions?  
How do they work?  
Is there any uncertainties /hypothesis?

***Am I understand CORRECT?***

### Tasks ###

● Understand the problem domain  
● Analyze problems and opportunities  
● Analyze business processes  
● Establish system improvement objectives  
● Update or refine the project plan  
● Communicate findings and recommendations

# Student Information System #

## Scope Definition and Problem Analysis ##

● Core functions  
○ Class sign up  
○ Class schedule  
○ Grading management  
● Other deliverables  
○ Documents, trainings, etc.  
● Core values  
○ Data management capability  
○ More efficient business process (class sign up, schedule, grading management)  
○ More fair class schedule  
○ Less incorrectness  
○ Etc.  
● Updated plan

## Context Diagram ##

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● The purpose of a context diagram is to analyze how the system interacts with  
the world around it and to specify in general terms the system inputs and  
outputs.

# Resolve Business Problems #

● Problem Reading -> understand the problem  
**● Breakdown the problem to sub problems  
● Find out the key problem**  
● Conception -> propose a solution  
● Calculation -> implement the solution  
● Result Checking -> validate with the clients  
● Answer Writing -> release (demo)  
**● Get feedback and iterate**

### Solution Strategies ###

● The Model Driven Development Strategy  
● The Rapid Application Development Strategy  
● The Commercial Application Package Implementation Strategy  
● Hybrid Strategies

## The Model Driven Development Strategy ##

● A system development strategy that emphasizes the drawing of system models to help visualize and analyze problems, define business requirements, and design information systems.  
● Pros  
○ More thorough specs  
○ Better documentation  
○ Help have thorough discussion before actual construction  
○ Requirements and designs are easier to validate with pictures than words  
● Cons  
○ Time-consuming  
○ Pictures are not software  
○ inflexible

### Modelings ###

● Data Modeling  
○ Entity relationship diagram  
● Process modeling  
○ Structured analysis and design methodology  
○ Data flow diagram, structure charts  
● Object modeling  
○ Object-oriented analysis and design  
○ UML

## The Rapid Application Development Strategy ##

● A system development strategy that emphasizes speed of development through extensive user involvement in the rapid, iterative, and incremental construction of a series of functioning prototypes of a system that eventually evolves into the final system (or a version).  
**● Pros**  
○ Friendly to uncertainties and changes  
○ Higher visibility  
○ Users see working, software-based solutions more rapidly than model  
driven development  
○ Defect errors earlier than model driven development  
○ Natural testing and training  
**● Cons**  
○ “Code, implement, and repair”  
○ Easily solve the wrong problem  
○ Discourage considering other, worthy technical alternatives  
○ More communications when it’s the best to throw a prototype away  
○ The emphasis on **speed** can adversely **impact quality**

## Commercial Application Package ##

● A software application that can be purchased and customized (with limits) to  
meet the business requirements of a large number of organizations or a specific industry.  
**The Commercial Application Package Implementation Strategy**  
**● Pros**  
○ Fast  
○ No need to build in-house机构内部 technical teams  
○ Cheap  
○ No need to be responsible for significant system improvements and error corrections  
○ No need to “reinvent the wheel” on business functions  
**● Cons**  
○ Dependent on vendors  
○ Rarely reflects the ideal solutions  
○ Always need to change business processes to adapt to the software

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