手把手教你搭建阿里云JavaWeb开发环境-蒲公英云

平时都是使用”印象笔记”随手写一些笔记之类的东西，久而久之就导致记录的内容会有重复，相同的东西可能被记录了多次，东一块西一块的，内容过于分散且不够精简。正好最近在整理”印象笔记”中的内容，借此机会把一些整理好的内容发布出来供大家参考，自己也顺便回顾一下，全当是复习了。

一、安装JDK

在Linux上创建目录：/usr/local/java

cd /usr/local
mkdir java
下载linux版本的java,通过FileZilla上传到/usr/local/java目录下

FileZilla下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1n0HAzW2FWCRZ7inDfWESVg 提取码：v12u
JDK地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1xMb_1LcrD81fvGdtMQKW-w 提取码：sbiu
解压

tar -zxvf jdk-8u241-linux-x64.tar.gz
配置环境变量

执行命令:
vi /etc/profile

在文件末尾添加：

Environment Variable
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_241
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
让配置生效

source /etc/profile
验证是否安装成功

java -version

如果出现类似错误

-bash: /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_144/bin/java: /lib/ld-linux.so.2: bad ELF interpreter: 没有那个文件或目录

可能是版本下载错误，你的系统可能是64位，结果你下载安装了一个32位的JDK
可以通过执行命令：sudo yum install glibc.i686 来解决；或者重新下载一个正确版本的JDK重新解压安装。

二、安装Tomcat8.5

切换目录

cd /usr/local
下载tomcat压缩包，并上传到该目录

tomcat 8.5下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1O11OT4iprZn2DPJVl5z6Rw
提取码：fwe7
解压tomcat压缩包

tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.53.tar.gz
修改文件夹名称

mv apache-tomcat-8.5.53 tomcat
启动tomcat

[root@tony webapps]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/bin
[root@tony bin]# ./startup.sh

三、安装Nginx

安装准备

yum install gcc-c++
yum install pcre pcre-devel
yum install zlib zlib-devel
yum install openssl openssl—devel
安装Nginx

安装之前，最好检查一下是否已经安装有nginx
find -name nginx
如果系统已经安装了nginx，那么就先卸载
yum remove nginx
然后开始安装
首先进入/usr/local目录cd /usr/local
从官网下载最新版的nginx
wget -c https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
解压nginx压缩包

tar -zxvf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
进入目录（最好不要改目录名字）

cd nginx-1.12.1
安装nginx

// 使用默认配置
./configure

make
make install
顺利完成后，检查安装目录

whereis nginx
启动和停止nginx

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
./nginx
./nginx -s stop
./nginx -s quit
./nginx -s reload
./nginx -s quit: 此方式停止步骤是待nginx进程处理任务完毕进行停止。
./nginx -s stop: 此方式相当于先查出nginx进程id再使用kill命令强制杀掉进程。
查询nginx进程

ps aux | grep nginx
先停止再启动（推荐）：对 nginx 进行重启相当于先停止再启动，即先执行停止命令再执行启动命令。如下：

./nginx -s quit
./nginx
当 nginx 的配置文件 nginx.conf 修改后，要想让配置生效需要重启 nginx，使用 -s reload 不用先停止 nginx 再启动 nginx 即可将配置信息在 nginx 中生效，如下：

./nginx -s reload
开机自启动

vi /etc/rc.local

追加一行
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

四、安装Redis

切换目录

cd /usr/local
下载redis压缩包

wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.2.tar.gz
使用默认配置

[root@tony utils]# ./install_server.sh
Welcome to the redis service installer
This script will help you easily set up a running redis server

Please select the redis port for this instance: [6379]
Selecting default: 6379
Please select the redis config file name [/etc/redis/6379.conf]
Selected default - /etc/redis/6379.conf
Please select the redis log file name [/var/log/redis_6379.log]
Selected default - /var/log/redis_6379.log
Please select the data directory for this instance [/var/lib/redis/6379]
Selected default - /var/lib/redis/6379
Please select the redis executable path [/usr/local/bin/redis-server]
Selected config:
Port : 6379
Config file : /etc/redis/6379.conf
Log file : /var/log/redis_6379.log
Data dir : /var/lib/redis/6379
Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-server
Cli Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-cli
Is this ok? Then press ENTER to go on or Ctrl-C to abort.
Copied /tmp/6379.conf => /etc/init.d/redis_6379
Installing service…
Successfully added to chkconfig!
Successfully added to runlevels 345!
/var/run/redis_6379.pid exists, process is already running or crashed
Installation successful!

五、安装MQ

六、安装MongoDB

七、Yum的方式安装Mysql

1、下载并安装MySQL官方的Yum Repository

下载：
    wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
安装：
    yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

2、安装MySQL服务器

yum -y install mysql-community-server

3、MySQL数据库设置

启动MySQL

systemctl start mysqld.service
查看MySQL运行状态

systemctl status mysqld.service

4、此时mysql已经启动，查看默认的登录密码

[root@tony local]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
    ... ...[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 4eg9;hOCYb+8
其中冒号后边的 4eg9;hOCYb+8 就是默认密码

5、登录mysql

[root@tony local]# mysql -uroot -p
    Enter password:
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 3
    Server version: 5.7.29
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

6、输入初始密码，此时不能做任何事情，因为MYSQL默认必须修改密码才能正常使用

注意事项：密码必须足够复杂，最好是大小写+特殊符号+数字。设置的密码过于简单的话，会提示报错

mysql> ALTER USER ‘root’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘tony123’;
```
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
```
mysql> ALTER USER ‘root’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘ABCdef_123456’;
```
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
```

7、还有一个问题就是Yum Repository,以后每次 yum 操作都会自动更新，需要把这个卸载掉

[root@tony local]# yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch

8、远程登录mysql提示报错

报错信息及原因

错误信息：
    ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can’t connect to MySQL server on ‘xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx’
错误原因：
    没有授予相应的权限

问题解决

先进行登录

[root@tony local]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
登录后

任何主机
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456’ WITH GRANT OPTION;

指定主机
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘jack’@’11.11.11.123’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456’ WITH GRANT OPTION;

根据自己的需求选择使用上述哪个命令
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘ABCdef_123456’ WITH GRANT OPTION;
```
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
```
然后刷新权限
mysql> flush privileges;
```
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
```
查看有哪些数据库
mysql> show databases;
```
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
```
mysql> exit;
```
Bye
```
[root@tony local]#

9、修改mysql中user表，是相应的用户能从任意主机登录

mysql>use mysql; 
mysql>update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';   # %代表任意客户端,可换成具体IP地址
mysql>select host, user from user;

10、客户端提供MYSQL的环境不支持中文,进行修改

登录后查看mysql的字符集

mysql> show variables like 'character_set%';
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | Variable_name            | Value                      |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | character_set_client     | utf8                        |
    | character_set_connection | utf8                   |
    | character_set_database   | latin1                   |
    | character_set_filesystem | binary                |
    | character_set_results    | utf8                    |
    | character_set_server     | latin1                     |
    | character_set_system     | utf8                       |
    | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit;
    Bye

修改字符集

系统变量及含义：

– character_set_server：默认的内部操作字符集

– character_set_client：客户端来源数据使用的字符集
– character_set_connection：连接层字符集
– character_set_results：查询结果字符集
– character_set_database：当前选中数据库的默认字符集
– character_set_system：系统元数据(字段名等)字符集

Linux下MySQL配置文件my.cnf

[mysql]

#在该区域设置默认字符集（default-character-set=utf8），
#那么这三个character_set_client,character_set_connection,character_set_results，全部生效
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]

#在该区域设置默认字符集（default-character-set=utf8），
#那么character_set_server，character_set_database两个全部生效，并且这俩个参数只有在该节中可以设置，其他地方设置会报错
default-character-set=utf8

[client]

#在该区域设置默认字符集（default-character-set=utf8），
#那么这个三个character_set_client,character_set_connection,character_set_results，全部生效
#如果在[mysql]和[client]节中都设置了默认字符集，那么以[client]为准
default-character-set=utf8

推荐设置：

[mysql]
    default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
    default-character-set=utf8

修改自己服务器上的my.cnf配置文件

[root@tony ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

For advice on how to change settings please see
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#

Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#

Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
changes to the binary log between backups.
log_bin
#

Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
join_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
character-set-server=utf8 # 追加该行
[root@tony ~]#

重启mysql

[root@tony local]# service mysqld restart
    Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  mysqld.service
# 登录后再次查看字符集
mysql> show variables like 'character_set%';
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | Variable_name                | Value                      |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | character_set_client         | utf8                       |
    | character_set_connection     | utf8                       |
    | character_set_database       | utf8                       |
    | character_set_filesystem     | binary                     |
    | character_set_results        | utf8                       |
    | character_set_server         | utf8                       |
    | character_set_system         | utf8                       |
    | character_sets_dir           | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

11、设置开机启动

# 开机启动
[root@tony local]# systemctl enable mysqld
# 取消开机启动
[root@tony local]# systemctl disable mysqld

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一、安装JDK

Environment Variable

如果出现类似错误

二、安装Tomcat8.5

三、安装Nginx

四、安装Redis

五、安装MQ

六、安装MongoDB

七、Yum的方式安装Mysql

1、下载并安装MySQL官方的Yum Repository

2、安装MySQL服务器

3、MySQL数据库设置

4、此时mysql已经启动，查看默认的登录密码

5、登录mysql

6、输入初始密码，此时不能做任何事情，因为MYSQL默认必须修改密码才能正常使用

7、还有一个问题就是Yum Repository,以后每次 yum 操作都会自动更新，需要把这个卸载掉

8、远程登录mysql提示报错

报错信息及原因

问题解决

任何主机

指定主机

根据自己的需求选择使用上述哪个命令

然后刷新权限

查看有哪些数据库

9、修改mysql中user表，是相应的用户能从任意主机登录

10、客户端提供MYSQL的环境不支持中文,进行修改

登录后查看mysql的字符集

修改字符集

For advice on how to change settings please see

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging

changes to the binary log between backups.

log_bin

Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

join_buffer_size = 128M

sort_buffer_size = 2M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

重启mysql

11、设置开机启动

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