英语语法汇总（10.被动语态）

约定不等于承诺〃 2023-09-23 13:29 101阅读 0赞

# 10.被动语态 #

## 概述 ##

*  分为主动和被动，主动式执行的动作的人或物
    
     *  I cooked the food last night
 *  强调主语是动作承受者
    
     *  the bridge was built in 1943
 *  句子结构严谨的方式
    
     *  It is /was +动作过去分词（被动语态）+that+引导的从句
        
         *  it said that there are foods
     *  there +动词(被动语态结构)+to be +补足语
        
         *  there is supposed to be a train ate 12:31
     *  动词（被动语态结构）+to的不定式 acknowledge,allege,believe
        
         *  He was considered to be a genius in his lifetime
 *  被动语态强调对象是动作的承受者，如果选哟说明做动作执行者，用by+行为主体
    
     *  the window was broken by a stone

## 被动语态的构成 ##

*  句子的主语是动作的承受者，动词的过去分词构成
    
     *  the food was cooked by him
 *  被动语态的构成形式
    
     *  一般现在时：be+过去分词
        
         *  the job is done by employee
     *  一般过去时被动语态： was/were+过去分词
     *  the letter was delivered
     *  现在进行时被动语态：be+being+过去分词
        
         *  the job is being done in this week
     *  现在完成时被动语态：have/has+been+过去分词
        
         *  the bus has been left
     *  过去进行时被动语态：was/were +being+过去分词
        
         *  the question was being answering
     *  一般将来时的被动语态：be going to/will/shall+be+过去分词
        
         *  the problem is going to be dealt with as soon as possible
     *  过去完成时被动语态：had been + 过去分词
        
         *  the project had been completed

## 不定式的被动语态 ##

*  主语+谓语+宾语+不定式，动词是被动语态，其后的不定式保持主动语态
 *  they asked me make a speech= I was asked to make speech
 *  含有被动语义时，不定式变为被动
    
     *  He never expected them to find the bicycle=He never expected the bicycle to be found
     *

## 情态动词的被动语态 ##

*  will,can,must 等情态动词后情态动词后be+过去分词
    
     *  you can be passed this test

## 分词结构的被动语态 ##

*  being+过去分词，完成时 having+been+过去分词
    
     *  he don’t like being criticized
     *  被动语态于用作形容词的过去分词是有区别的，前者强调行为，后者强调状态
        
         *  He was worried about you all night(形容词，表示状态)
         *  I was disturbed by him
     *  want,need,require,demand后接doing形式时，其主动形式表被动
        
         *  the cloths need washing(衣服需要被洗)