MongoDB：在 Java 中使用 MongoDB

本是古典 何须时尚 2023-09-23 21:13 175阅读 0赞

除了通过启动 mongo 进程进如 Shell 环境访问数据库外，MongoDB 还提供了其他基于编程语言的访问数据库方法。MongoDB 官方提供了 Java 语言的驱动包，利用这些驱动包可使用多种编程方法来连接并操作 MongoDB 数据库。

想要在 Java 程序中使用 MongoDB，需要确保您的电脑上已经安装了 MongoDB，并搭建好了 Java 的环境。

本篇内容主要介绍：Java 实现对 MongDB 的操作、Java 操作 MongoDB 数据库 Demo

文章目录

    • 一、Java 实现对 MongDB 的操作
        • 1、前提条件
        • 2、添加依赖
    • 二、Java 操作 MongoDB 数据库 Demo
        • 1、连接数据库
        • 2、创建集合
        • 3、列出所有集合
        • 4、获取/选择集合
        • 5、插入文档
        • 6、查询文档
        • 7、更新文档
        • 8、删除文档
        • 9、删除集合

一、Java 实现对 MongDB 的操作

1、前提条件

除了通过启动 mongo 进程进如 Shell 环境访问数据库外，MongoDB 还提供了其他基于编程语言的访问数据库方法。MongoDB 官方提供了 Java 语言的驱动包，利用这些驱动包可使用多种编程方法来连接并操作 MongoDB 数据库。

想要在 Java 程序中使用 MongoDB，需要确保您的电脑上已经安装了 MongoDB，并搭建好了 Java 的环境。

2、添加依赖

在 Maven 中添加以下依赖来使用操作 MongoDB 数据库：

  1. <dependencies>
  2.         <dependency>
  3.             <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
  4.             <artifactId>bson</artifactId>
  5.             <version>3.12.11</version>
  6.         </dependency>
  7.         <dependency>
  8.             <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
  9.             <artifactId>mongodb-driver</artifactId>
  10.             <version>3.12.11</version>
  11.         </dependency>
  12.         <dependency>
  13.             <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
  14.             <artifactId>mongodb-driver-core</artifactId>
  15.             <version>3.12.11</version>
  16.         </dependency>
  18.         ...
  19.     </dependencies>

二、Java 操作 MongoDB 数据库 Demo

1、连接数据库

  1. package com.lizhengi.demo;
  3. import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
  4. import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
  5. import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
  7. /**
  8.  * @author liziheng
  9.  * @version 1.0.0
  10.  * @description 连接数据库
  11.  * @date 2023-01-04 5:19 下午
  12.  **/
  13. public class ConnectToMongodb {
  16.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  18.         // 创建 MongoDB 连接
  19.         MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);
  21.         // 连接到 MongoDB
  22.         MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
  23.         System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);
  25.         // 访问数据库
  26.         MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
  27.         System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
  28.         System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());
  29.     }
  30. }

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi

2、创建集合

  1. package com.lizhengi.demo;
  3. import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
  4. import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
  5. import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
  7. /**
  8.  * @author liziheng
  9.  * @version 1.0.0
  10.  * @description 创建集合
  11.  * @date 2023-01-04 7:36 下午
  12.  **/
  13. public class CreatingCollection {
  14.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  15.         // 创建 MongoDB 连接
  16.         MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);
  18.         // 连接到 MongoDB
  19.         MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
  20.         System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);
  22.         // 访问数据库
  23.         MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
  24.         System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
  25.         System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());
  27.         // 创建集合
  28.         database.createCollection("lizhengi_test_3");
  29.         System.out.println("create collection successfully!");
  30.     }
  31. }

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi

create collection successfully!

3、列出所有集合

  1. package com.lizhengi.demo;
  3. import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
  4. import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
  5. import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
  6. import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
  7. import org.bson.Document;
  9. /**
  10.  * @author liziheng
  11.  * @version 1.0.0
  12.  * @description 列出所有集合
  13.  * @date 2023-01-04 7:56 下午
  14.  **/
  15. public class ListOfCollection {
  18.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  20.         // 创建 MongoDB 连接
  21.         MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);
  23.         // 连接到 MongoDB
  24.         MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
  25.         System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);
  27.         // 访问数据库
  28.         MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
  29.         System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
  30.         System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());
  32.         // 检索集合列表
  33.         for (String name : database.listCollectionNames()) {
  35.             System.out.println(name);
  36.         }
  37.     }
  38. }

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi

lizhengi
lizhengi_test_3
lizhengi_test_2

4、获取/选择集合

  1. package com.lizhengi.demo;
  3. import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
  4. import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
  5. import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
  6. import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
  7. import org.bson.Document;
  9. /**
  10.  * @author liziheng
  11.  * @version 1.0.0
  12.  * @description 获取/选择集合
  13.  * @date 2023-01-04 7:40 下午
  14.  **/
  15. public class SelectingCollection {
  18.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  20.         // 创建 MongoDB 连接
  21.         MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);
  23.         // 连接到 MongoDB
  24.         MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
  25.         System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);
  27.         // 访问数据库
  28.         MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
  29.         System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
  30.         System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());
  32.         // 创建集合
  33.         MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");
  34.         System.out.println("chose collection : " + collection.getNamespace());
  35.     }
  36. }

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi
chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi

5、插入文档

  1. package com.lizhengi.demo;
  3. import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
  4. import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
  5. import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
  6. import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
  7. import org.bson.Document;
  9. /**
  10.  * @author liziheng
  11.  * @version 1.0.0
  12.  * @description 插入文档
  13.  * @date 2023-01-04 7:45 下午
  14.  **/
  15. public class InsertingDocument {
  18.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  20.         // 创建 MongoDB 连接
  21.         MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);
  23.         // 连接到 MongoDB
  24.         MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
  25.         System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);
  27.         // 访问数据库
  28.         MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
  29.         System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
  30.         System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());
  32.         // 检索集合
  33.         MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");
  34.         System.out.println("chose collection : " + collection.getNamespace());
  36.         Document document = new Document("title", "MongoDB")
  37.                 .append("description", "database")
  38.                 .append("likes", 200)
  39.                 .append("url", "https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/")
  40.                 .append("by", "lizhengi");
  42.         // 将文档插入到集合中
  43.         collection.insertOne(document);
  44.         System.out.println("Document insert successfully!");
  45.     }
  46. }

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi
chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi

Document insert successfully!

6、查询文档

  1. package com.lizhengi.demo;
  3. import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
  4. import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
  5. import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
  6. import org.bson.Document;
  7. import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
  8. import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
  10. /**
  11.  * @author liziheng
  12.  * @version 1.0.0
  13.  * @description 查询文档
  14.  * @date 2023-01-04 7:52 下午
  15.  **/
  16. public class RetrievingAllDocuments {
  19.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  21.         // 创建 MongoDB 连接
  22.         MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);
  24.         // 连接到 MongoDB
  25.         MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
  26.         System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);
  28.         // 访问数据库
  29.         MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
  30.         System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
  31.         System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());
  33.         // 检索集合
  34.         MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");
  35.         System.out.println("chose collection : " + collection.getNamespace());
  37.         // 获取 iterable 对象
  38.         FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
  39.         int i = 1;
  40.         // 获取迭代器
  41.         for (Document document : iterDoc) {
  43.             System.out.println(document);
  44.             i++;
  45.         }
  46.     }
  47. }

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi
chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi

Document{ {_id=63b5676adcb7bc291eb5285d, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=200, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi}}
Document{ {_id=63b568fa76a0f93c0a6c9f2a, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=200, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi2}}

7、更新文档

  1. package com.lizhengi.demo;
  3. import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
  4. import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
  5. import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
  6. import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
  7. import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
  8. import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;
  9. import com.mongodb.client.model.Updates;
  10. import org.bson.Document;
  12. /**
  13.  * @author liziheng
  14.  * @version 1.0.0
  15.  * @description 更新文档
  16.  * @date 2023-01-04 7:59 下午
  17.  **/
  18. public class UpdatingDocuments {
  21.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  23.         // 创建 MongoDB 连接
  24.         MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);
  26.         // 连接到 MongoDB
  27.         MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
  28.         System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);
  30.         // 访问数据库
  31.         MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
  32.         System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
  33.         System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());
  35.         // 检索集合
  36.         MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");
  37.         System.out.println("chose collection : " + collection.getNamespace());
  39.         // 更新单个可用 updateOne
  40.         collection.updateMany(Filters.eq("title", "MongoDB"), Updates.set("likes", 150));
  41.         System.out.println("Document update successfully...");
  42.         // 更新后检索文档
  43.         // 获取 iterable 对象
  44.         FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
  45.         int i = 1;
  46.         // 获取迭代器
  47.         for (Document document : iterDoc) {
  49.             System.out.println(document);
  50.             i++;
  51.         }
  52.     }
  53. }

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

  1. Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName='lizhengi', source='lizhengi', password=<hidden>, mechanismProperties=<hidden>}
  2. Connect to database successfully!
  3. MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi
  4. chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi
  5. Document update successfully...
  6. Document{
  7.     {_id=63b5676adcb7bc291eb5285d, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=150, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi}}
  8. Document{
  9.     {_id=63b568fa76a0f93c0a6c9f2a, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=200, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi2}}

8、删除文档

  1. package com.lizhengi.demo;
  3. import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
  4. import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
  5. import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
  6. import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
  7. import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
  8. import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;
  9. import org.bson.Document;
  11. /**
  12.  * @author liziheng
  13.  * @version 1.0.0
  14.  * @description 删除文档
  15.  * @date 2023-01-04 8:03 下午
  16.  **/
  17. public class DeletingDocuments {
  20.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  22.         // 创建 MongoDB 连接
  23.         MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);
  25.         // 连接到 MongoDB
  26.         MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
  27.         System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);
  29.         // 访问数据库
  30.         MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
  31.         System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
  32.         System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());
  34.         // 检索集合
  35.         MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");
  36.         System.out.println("chose collection : " + collection.getNamespace());
  38.         // 删除文档 删除多个可用 deleteMany
  39.         collection.deleteOne(Filters.eq("title", "MongoDB"));
  40.         System.out.println("Document delete successfully...");
  41.         // 删除后检索文档
  42.         // 获取 iterable 对象
  43.         FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
  44.         int i = 1;
  45.         // 获取迭代器
  46.         for (Document document : iterDoc) {
  48.             System.out.println(document);
  49.             i++;
  50.         }
  51.     }
  52. }

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi
chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi

Document delete successfully…
Document{ {_id=63b568fa76a0f93c0a6c9f2a, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=200, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi2}}

9、删除集合

  1. package com.lizhengi.demo;
  3. import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
  4. import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
  5. import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
  6. import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
  7. import org.bson.Document;
  9. /**
  10.  * @author liziheng
  11.  * @version 1.0.0
  12.  * @description 删除集合
  13.  * @date 2023-01-04 8:06 下午
  14.  **/
  15. public class DropingCollection {
  18.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  20.         // 创建 MongoDB 连接
  21.         MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);
  23.         // 连接到 MongoDB
  24.         MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
  25.         System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);
  27.         // 访问数据库
  28.         MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
  29.         System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
  30.         System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());
  32.         // 检索集合
  33.         MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi_test_3");
  34.         System.out.println("chose collection : " + collection.getNamespace());
  35.         // 删除集合
  36.         collection.drop();
  37.         System.out.println("drop collection : " + collection.getNamespace());
  39.         // 检索集合列表
  40.         for (String name : database.listCollectionNames()) {
  42.             System.out.println(name);
  43.         }
  44.     }
  45. }

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi
chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi_test_3

drop collection : lizhengi.lizhengi_test_3
lizhengi
lizhengi_test_2

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