爬虫进行request请求时User-Agent怎样写

妖狐艹你老母 2023-10-18 14:26 118阅读 0赞

## 场景 ##

在写爬虫进行request请求时，如果不能正常请求就要添加请求头。

常用的是修改User-Agent来伪装浏览器。

我们除了复制之外，这里可以参照一个库叫fake-useragent。

网址：

[https://pypi.org/project/fake-useragent/][https_pypi.org_project_fake-useragent]

### 安装 ###

pip install fake-useragent

### 使用 ###

官方示例：

from fake_useragent import UserAgent
    ua = UserAgent()
    
    ua.ie
    # Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US);
    ua.msie
    # Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3; Trident/6.0)'
    ua['Internet Explorer']
    # Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; GTB7.4; InfoPath.2; SV1; .NET CLR 3.3.69573; WOW64; en-US)
    ua.opera
    # Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; ru) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11
    ua.chrome
    # Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1216.0 Safari/537.2'
    ua.google
    # Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_4) AppleWebKit/537.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/24.0.1290.1 Safari/537.13
    ua['google chrome']
    # Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11
    ua.firefox
    # Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64; rv:16.0.1) Gecko/20121011 Firefox/16.0.1
    ua.ff
    # Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux i686; rv:15.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/15.0.1
    ua.safari
    # Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 6_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0 Mobile/10A5355d Safari/8536.25
    
    # and the best one, random via real world browser usage statistic
    ua.random

## 实现 ##

自己经常使用的代码：

'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36',

比如说我们可以这样使用：

def Get_data():
        headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36',
            'cookie': 'acw_tc=6f3e47cc15498749418558688e3d6410ea97be9a552b180841c5079605; PHPSESSID=s2hjdg3slh32omchfsib4himk0; UM_distinctid=168dbbfe8c533e-0e42df11c1c0a7-9393265-100200-168dbbfe8c71088; CNZZDATA1256319371=345851669-1549873534-%7C1549873534; CNZZDATA1257119496=134880590-1549870452-%7C1549870452; Hm_lvt_a48e6ab107a4e68d47e6fdb5d83961e5=1549875015; Hm_lvt_3c8ecbfa472e76b0340d7a701a04197e=1549875021; CNZZDATA1254708131=653924416-1549874976-%7C1549874976; CNZZDATA1275922735=1673340420-1549874690-%7C1549874690; CNZZDATA1257131565=1820590917-1549873827-%7C1549873827; CNZZDATA1257125147=1301871275-1549871347-https%253A%252F%252Fwww.duanwenxue.com%252F%7C1549871347; Hm_lpvt_a48e6ab107a4e68d47e6fdb5d83961e5=1549875906; Hm_lpvt_3c8ecbfa472e76b0340d7a701a04197e=1549875913; ajax_award_timestamp=1549875887; ajax_award_timestamp__ckMd5=706904497e9c8dfd; ajax_award_key=94a17405d22ab8aacbabbbfdb9d4740c; ajax_award_key__ckMd5=3e97bde02ab1998d',
            'referer': 'https://www.duanwenxue.com/huayu/tianyanmiyu/list_69.html',
            'upgrade-insecure-requests' : '1',
        }
        for i in range(1,70):
            url = 'https://www.duanwenxue.com/huayu/tianyanmiyu/list_{}.html'.format(i)
            response = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
            parse_text(response.text)

[https_pypi.org_project_fake-useragent]: https://pypi.org/project/fake-useragent/