配置文件管理：Java如何读写配置文件

原创深碍√TFBOYSˉ_ 2024-11-14 05:00 24阅读 0赞

在Java中，读写配置文件是一个常见的需求，尤其是在需要存储应用程序设置或用户偏好时。Java提供了多种方式来处理配置文件，以下是一些常用的方法：

###1. 使用Properties类`Properties`类是Java提供的一个用于处理属性文件（通常是`.properties`文件）的类。属性文件是一种简单的键值对集合，每行一个键值对，键和值之间用等号（`=`）分隔。

####读取Properties文件```javaimport java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class PropertiesExample {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
Properties prop = new Properties();
 try (FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("config.properties")) {
 prop.load(in);
String value = prop.getProperty("key");
 System.out.println(value);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
}
```####写入Properties文件```javaimport java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class PropertiesExample {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
Properties prop = new Properties();
 prop.setProperty("key", "value");
 try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("config.properties")) {
 prop.store(out, "Configuration settings");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
}
```###2. 使用XML文件对于更复杂的配置，可以使用XML文件。Java提供了`DocumentBuilderFactory`和`DocumentBuilder`来解析和创建XML文件。

####读取XML文件```javaimport javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import java.io.StringReader;

public class XMLConfigReader {
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String xml = "<config>\n" +
"<setting name=\"key\" value=\"value\"/>\n" +
"</config>";
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document = builder.parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(xml)));
 document.getDocumentElement().normalize();
 NodeList nodeList = document.getElementsByTagName("setting");
 for (int i =0; i < nodeList.getLength(); i++) {
Node node = nodeList.item(i);
if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
Element element = (Element) node;
String name = element.getAttribute("name");
String value = element.getAttribute("value");
 System.out.println("Name: " + name + ", Value: " + value);
 }
 }
 }
}
```####写入XML文件```javaimport javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

public class XMLConfigWriter {
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document = builder.newDocument();
Element root = document.createElement("config");
 document.appendChild(root);
Element setting = document.createElement("setting");
 setting.setAttribute("name", "key");
 setting.setAttribute("value", "value");
root.appendChild(setting);
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document);
TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("config.xml");
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(out);
 transformer.transform(source, result);
out.close();
 }
}
```###3. 使用JSON文件对于现代应用程序，JSON文件也是一个流行的选择。你可以使用`org.json`库或`Gson`库来处理JSON文件。

####读取JSON文件```javaimport org.json.JSONObject;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;

public class JSONConfigReader {
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String content = new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("config.json")));
 JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(content);
String value = obj.getString("key");
 System.out.println(value);
 }
}
```####写入JSON文件```javaimport org.json.JSONObject;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;

public class JSONConfigWriter {
 public static void main