Kafka集群搭建
Kafka使用背景
在我们大量使用分布式数据库、分布式计算集群的时候,是否会遇到这样一些问题:
- 我想分析一下用户行为(pageviews),以便我能设计出更好的广告位;
- 我想对用户的搜索关键词进行统计,分析出前的流行趋势;
- 有些数据,存数据库浪费,直接存硬盘操作效率又低;
这个时候,就可以用消息系统了,尤其是分布式消息系统;
另外:
在很多常见的大数据处理场景中,我们需要对数据进行离线分析和实时分析,离线分析借助于hadoop相关框架(mapreduce、hive等),对于实时需求可以使用storm,为了统一离线和实时计算,我们可以将离线和实时计算的数据源统一作为输入,然后将数据的流向分别经由离线分析系统和实时系统,分别进行分析处理,这是我们可以考虑将数据源(flume收集)直接连接一个消息中间件,如kafka,整合flume + kafka,flume作为消息的生产者,产生的消息数据(日志数据、业务数据等)发布到kafka中,然后使用Storm的Topology作为消息的Consumer,在Storm集群中分别进行如下两个需求场景的处理:
- 直接使用Storm的Topology对数据进行实时分析处理
- 整合Storm+HDFS,将消息处理后写入HDFS进行离线分析处理
kafka的定义
是一个分布式消息系统,由LinkedIn使用Scala编写,用作LinkedIn的活动流(Activity Stream)和运营数据处理管道(Pipeline)的基础,具有高水平扩展和高吞吐量。
应用领域: 已被多家不同类型的公司作为多种类型的数据管道和消息系统使用。如:
淘宝,支付宝,百度,twitter等
目前越来越多的开源分布式处理系统如Apache flume、Apache Storm、Spark,elasticsearch都支持与Kafka集成
AMQP协议(advanced message queue protocol)
基本消费者(Consumer):从消息队列中请求消息的客户端应用程序;
生产者(Producer):向broker发布消息的客户端应用程序;
AMQP服务器端(broker):用来接收生产者发送的消息并将这些消息路由给服务器中的队列;
kafka基本架构
主题(Topic):即一种类型;如一个主题类似新闻中的体育、娱乐、教育等分类概念,在实际工程中通常一个业务一个主题;
分区(Partition):一个topic中的消息数据按照多个分区组织,分区是kafka消息队列组织的最小单位,一个分区可以看做是一个FIFO的队列;
kafka集群搭建
zookeeper集群搭建(见前面章节)
kafka集群
环境准备
- 服务器3台(192.168.0.102,192.168.0.103,192.168.0.104)
- kafka版本kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1
配置环境
- 进入自己的目录cd /usr/local/program 创建文件夹mkdir kafkaLogs
- 配置环境变量:
set enviroment
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/program/jdk1.7.0_79
export ZK_HOME=/usr/local/program/zk/zookeeper-3.4.6
export KAFKA_HOME=/usr/local/program/kafka/kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$ZK_HOME/bin:$KAFKA_HOME/bin:$PATH配置kafka,cd /usr/local/program/kafka/kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1/config/ 编辑server.properties
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# see kafka.server.KafkaConfig for additional details and defaults
############################# Server Basics #############################
# The id of the broker. This must be set to a unique integer for each broker.
#机器在集群中的唯一标识
broker.id=0
############################# Socket Server Settings #############################
# The port the socket server listens on
#对外提供服务的tcp端口 默认9092
port=19092
# Hostname the broker will bind to. If not set, the server will bind to all interfaces
#主机ip,默认localhost
host.name=192.168.0.102
# Hostname the broker will advertise to producers and consumers. If not set, it uses the
# value for "host.name" if configured. Otherwise, it will use the value returned from
# java.net.InetAddress.getCanonicalHostName().
#advertised.host.name=<hostname routable by clients>
# The port to publish to ZooKeeper for clients to use. If this is not set,
# it will publish the same port that the broker binds to.
#advertised.port=<port accessible by clients>
# The number of threads handling network requests
#broker进行网络处理的线程数
num.network.threads=3
# The number of threads doing disk I/O
#broker进行io处理的线程数
num.io.threads=8
# The send buffer (SO_SNDBUF) used by the socket server
#kafka发送消息的缓冲区5m 默认102400
socket.send.buffer.bytes=1048576
# The receive buffer (SO_RCVBUF) used by the socket server
#kafka接收消息的缓冲区5m 默认102400
socket.receive.buffer.bytes=1048576
# The maximum size of a request that the socket server will accept (protection against OOM)
#向kafka请求 或者接收消息的最大数,不能超过java堆栈大小
socket.request.max.bytes=104857600
############################# Log Basics #############################
# A comma seperated list of directories under which to store log files
#kafka消息日志目录 多个以逗号分割
log.dirs=/usr/local/program/kafka/kafkaLogs
# The default number of log partitions per topic. More partitions allow greater
# parallelism for consumption, but this will also result in more files across
# the brokers.
#每个topic的分区数
num.partitions=2
############################# Log Flush Policy #############################
# Messages are immediately written to the filesystem but by default we only fsync() to sync
# the OS cache lazily. The following configurations control the flush of data to disk.
# There are a few important trade-offs here:
# 1. Durability: Unflushed data may be lost if you are not using replication.
# 2. Latency: Very large flush intervals may lead to latency spikes when the flush does occur as there will be a lot of data to flush.
# 3. Throughput: The flush is generally the most expensive operation, and a small flush interval may lead to exceessive seeks.
# The settings below allow one to configure the flush policy to flush data after a period of time or
# every N messages (or both). This can be done globally and overridden on a per-topic basis.
# The number of messages to accept before forcing a flush of data to disk
#log.flush.interval.messages=10000
# The maximum amount of time a message can sit in a log before we force a flush
#log.flush.interval.ms=1000
############################# Log Retention Policy #############################
# The following configurations control the disposal of log segments. The policy can
# be set to delete segments after a period of time, or after a given size has accumulated.
# A segment will be deleted whenever *either* of these criteria are met. Deletion always happens
# from the end of the log.
# The minimum age of a log file to be eligible for deletion
#kafka消息的驻留时间,168小时【7天】
log.retention.hours=168
#往kafka发送的消息每条不超过的大小5m(默认为1m)
message.max.byte=5048576
#默认的复制因子,每个topic中的partion的副本(默认为1)
default.replication.factor=2
replica.fetch.max.bytes=5048576
# A size-based retention policy for logs. Segments are pruned from the log as long as the remaining
# segments don't drop below log.retention.bytes.
#log.retention.bytes=1073741824
# The maximum size of a log segment file. When this size is reached a new log segment will be created.
#每个消息文件的大小(因为消息是追加写入),超过这个数就会新起一个文件
log.segment.bytes=536870912
# The interval at which log segments are checked to see if they can be deleted according
# to the retention policies
#每隔这个时间查看kafkalog是否失效,即查看是否有过期消息,如果有则删除
log.retention.check.interval.ms=60000
# By default the log cleaner is disabled and the log retention policy will default to just delete segments after their retention expires.
# If log.cleaner.enable=true is set the cleaner will be enabled and individual logs can then be marked for log compaction.
log.cleaner.enable=false
############################# Zookeeper #############################
# Zookeeper connection string (see zookeeper docs for details).
# This is a comma separated host:port pairs, each corresponding to a zk
# server. e.g. "127.0.0.1:3000,127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002".
# You can also append an optional chroot string to the urls to specify the
# root directory for all kafka znodes.
#zookeeper集群地址
zookeeper.connect=192.168.0.102:12181,192.168.0.103:12181,192.168.0.104:12181
# Timeout in ms for connecting to zookeeper
#kafka集群连接zk的超时时间
zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms=1000000
- 同样的操作对于其它机器,配置文件的broker.id分别改为1和2,hostname对应相应的主机ip
- 后台启动kafka,执行命令:kafka-server-start.sh /usr/local/program/kafka/kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1/config/server.properties &
- 同样的操作对于其它机器
- 创建主题topic,执行命令:kafka-topics.sh –create –zookeeper localhost:12181 –replication-factor 3 –partitions 1 –topic my-replicated-topic
- 查看主题topic,执行命令:kafka-topics.sh –describe –zookeeper localhost:12181 –topic my-replicated-topic
- 创建生产者producer,执行命令:kafka-console-producer.sh –broker-list 192.168.0.102:19092 –topic my-replicated-topic
创建消费者consumer(另外一台机器),执行命令:kafka-console-consumer.sh –zookeeper localhost:12181 –from-beginning –topic my-replicated-topic
测试:生产者者命令行输入信息,即可在消费者命令行看到对应消息的输出。
- ok 至此搭建完成kafka集群。
参考:jikexueyuan
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